Private Ownership

The desire to own things is universal. Man’s instinct to acquire more possessions is innate. Our system enlists this self-interest motive to promote greater and more effective economic efforts, but unlimited accumulation of goods in the hands of a few lucky people does not contribute to the living standard of the majority. The privilege of private ownership in our society is therefore circumscribed by many obligations. The government has the right to relieve its citizens of property in the interest of the general welfare, as long as suitable compensation is provided. Tax contributions are based in part on the size of private wealth. Inheritance laws make it difficult for too many possessions to be accumulated in too few hands.

The right to private property is not limited to personal use, but includes the right to own the means of production. This particular ownership privilege has been traditionally attacked with vehemence by adherents of socialist doctrine. Socialists feel that ownership of capital goods confers too much economic power on the individual, who may abuse it to the detriment of his fellow citizens. In the evolution of modern business, certain safeguards have been developed against the abuse of private power, without eliminating the incentive and responsibility which accompany ownership.

Вариант III

I. Перепишите предложения. Укажите, в каких синтаксических

функциях употребляется герундий. Переведите на русский язык.

1. The task of solving this problem is extremely difficult.

2. Arriving in Moscow, he went to the airport.

3. You can help our company by signing the agreement.

4. I remember having been given this instruction.

II. Перепишите предложения. Подчеркните причастие. Переведите на

русский язык, обращая внимание на различные формы причастия.

1. The letter mentioned above should be sent to the beneficiary.

2. The work completed, our managers went to the Crimea to rest.

3. The analysts watched the prices falling.

4. In an interlinked global economy, consumers are given the opportunity to buy the best products at the best prices.

III. Перепишите предложения. Переведите на русский язык, обращая

внимание на сослагательное наклонение.

1. It is high time that you got down to business.

2. I wish we advertised our products via television, internet and direct mail, as advertising is an important element of marketing.

3. He wished his wages had been much higher.

4. He looked as if he had lost his job.

IV. Перепишите предложения. Переведите на русский язык, обращая

внимание на различные типы условных предложений.

1. If they had seen you yesterday they would have certainly told you about their financial standing.

2. If our purchasing manager had not been so busy, he would have arranged an appointment.

3. We shall prolong the agreement, if they grant exclusive rights.

4. We should change some items of the list of equipment we have to deliver to them if they made appropriate amendments to the contract.

V. Прочитайте текст. Переведите письменно на русский язык. Ответьте

письменно на вопросы:

1. What must be taken into consideration when tax collection problems are discussed?

2. What are the advantages of cigarette taxes?

3. When does the problem of collecting taxes become relatively simple?

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tax stamps – акцизные марки

metering device – средство измерения

actual loads carried – фактически перевозимые грузы

taxpayers – налогоплательщики