X. Составьте утверждения, выбрав правильный вариант согласно тексту.

1. The history of the railways in Turkey began…

a) in 1756. b) in 1856. c) in 1923.

2. The first railway line in Turkey was constructed by…

a) a Turkish firm. b) a French firm. c) a British firm.

3. The new strategy of TCDD includes plans for…

a) upgrading all terminals. b) reconstructing signaling equipment. c) modernizing rolling stock.

4. The length of the railway network in Turkey is…

a) 1,931 km. b) 8,430 km. c) 10,361 km.

5. Fatih Expresi are…

a) special sleeping coaches with a high level of comfort. b) restaurant cars with Turkish food. c) new Pullman coaches with aircraft-type seats.

Вариант 2

I. Перепишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на употребление времён групп Indefinite, Continuous, Perfect в действительном и страдательном залогах. Выпишите сказуемые и укажите их видовременные формы.

1. In spite of the dense fog the train was not late. 2. Diesel locomotives are usually used for shunting because it is not economic to electrify a marshalling yard. 3. An impact-resistant windscreen will reduce the risk of injury to the driver in the case of any accident. 4. The Ukrainian government has decided to resume the construction of the metro, which was stopped because of financial difficulties. A lottery is being organized and 40% of its income will be used to fund the work.

II. Перепишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на употребление эквивалентов модальных глаголов (to be allowed to; to be able to; to be to; to have to). Подчеркните эквиваленты модальных глаголов в английских предложениях и в переводе.

1. Your car is in good condition but you have to replace worn-out tires. 2. Aircrafts are not able to carry a lot in weight and are used mainly for transporting mail, people and valuable goods. 3. We were to leave for England on Saturday but because of the delay with our visas, we had to book tickets for Monday. 4. He was allowed to use the mobile telephone. 5. You will have to throw away the broken umbrella; we will not be able to repair it.

III. Выберите английский эквивалент русского предложения из трёх данных вариантов. Обращайте внимание на перевод модальных глаголов и их эквивалентов.

1. Тебе следует научиться водить машину.

a) You have to learn driving a car. b) You are to learn driving a car. c) You should learn driving a car.

2. Завтраможешьнеприходить.

a) You need not come tomorrow. b) You must not come tomorrow. c) You can not come tomorrow.

3. Он сможет быстро отремонтировать компьютер.

a) He will be allowed to repair the computer quickly. b) He will have to repair the computer quickly. c) He will be able to repair the computer quickly.

4. Импришлосьуехатьвчера.

a) They had to leave yesterday. b) They were allowed to leave yesterday. c) They could leave yesterday.

5. Ей разрешили сдать экзамены досрочно.

a) She was able to take exams in advance. b) She was allowed to take exams in advance. c) She was to take exams in advance.

IV. Перепишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на употребление герундия в разных функциях.

1. As the railways have a standard gauge now, it is possible for passengers to travel over several lines without changing cars. 2. This railway company is engaged in carrying freight in large-tonnage containers. 3. On conducting the experiment you must ventilate the laboratory. 4. Flying from Los Angeles to Tokyo on board of a new supersonic aircraft will take 2 hours. 5. In 1996 several Asian countries founded the Pan-Asian railway organization with the aim of uniting their individual railways into a continuous network.