Vocabulary / Словарь:

1. memory – память, реже запоминающее устройство

2. to note – замечать; отмечать; указывать

3. storage – (внешняя) память; внешнее устройство для хранения данных; память (основная); хранение (информации)

4. to store – запоминать, хранить, сохранять

5. calculation – вычисление

6. initial data – исходные данные

7. input-output devices – устройства ввода-вывода

8. to produce information – выдавать информацию

9. to provide data – выдавать информацию

10. primary (main) memory – первичная (оперативная) память

11. internal memory – внутренняя память

12. secondary memory – вторичная память

13. external memory – внешняя память

14. amount – количество

15. performance – работа

16. storage / memory / unit – запоминающее устройство, блок памяти

17. speed – скорость; быстродействие

18. capacity – емкость

19. reliability – надёжность

20. cycle time – время цикла (период обращения к запоминающему устройству)

21. to be measured – измеряться

22. machine word – машинное слово

23. binary digit – двоичная цифра, бит

24. the number of failures – число отказов

25. per unit of time – в единицу времени

Образец № 2

A flexible solution for advanced recycling

Tire technology international, 2010

Гибкое решение для передовой переработки

Международный журнал по шинной технологии, 2010

Abstract

The article suggests the problem of plastics recycling to be solved by using extrusion process. It is pointed out that by using direct extrusion lines it is possible to recycle plastics and to extrude the final product (sheet, foil, pipe, and profile) directly. Attention is also concentrated on the extrusion process. It is believed that only after understanding which kind of product should be produced in the recycling extrusion plant, is it possible to list the relevant properties and to study the recipes necessary to reach the production target. The article is of great interest because of the ecological and recycling problems.

A flexible solution for advanced recycling

Due to its use in a diverse array of applications, plastics represent one of the main components of solid waste. Plastics are derived from petroleum sources and are non-biodegradable. Given landfill space shortage and an environmentally conscientious society, processors have the opportunity to adopt new technologies for reducing their waste and maximizing recycling efforts. Advantages secured by an improved recycling activity are: waste reduction, cost decrease of the final product, energy consumption reduction, environmental protection, and oil savings.

Starting from waste/scraps (PET, PVC, HDPE, LDPE, PS, PA, and ABS are the most commonly recycled plastics), through plastics recycling it is possible to obtain a new end-product with highly technical features.

New extrusion technology and process design are key factors in developing quality products and guaranteeing investment returns.

A pellet is the typical end product of a recycling extrusion line, but it is not the only one. By using direct extrusion lines it is possible to recycle plastics and to extrude the final product (sheet, foil, pipe, and profile) directly.

An extrusion process involving waste/ scraps requires high performance in the mixing and venting steps.

Due to the low mixing entropy of the plastics it is necessary to introduce high energy sources into the system but simple heating is not enough for good dispersion of the materials.

The extruder’s screws must therefore be capable of transferring high stress to the plastics flowing into their channels. The wide range of recycled plastics, added to the different MFI values available on the market, further complicate the situation.

To obtain a durable product from recycled material it is necessary to modify and increase its properties.

Only after understanding which kind of product should be produced in the recycling extrusion plant, is it possible to list the relevant properties and to study the recipes necessary to reach the production target.