4. Особенности перевода страдательного залога от глаголов, принимающих предложное дополнение

Упражнения

1. Переведите предложения, предварительно подобрав к глаголу соответствующий предлог в русском языке (см. выше список глаголов с предлогами).

1. Не was well spoken of by all his friends.

2. The hour of the meeting was agreed upon.

3. This case was much spoken and written about.

4. His data can be relied upon.

5. The room has not been slept in for many years.

6. The whole story was much laughed at.

2. Переведите. Обратите внимание на место предлога в русском предложении и на перевод самого предлога.

1. The order of words (in English) is fairly rigid: it cannot easily be departed from, and most departures alter the type, or the emphasis, or the meaning of the sentence.

2. Place names cannot always be relied on for guidance.

3. For further details the reader is referred to the end of the book.

4. It's twenty years since he went away from home with his gun, and he has never been heard of since.

5. His poetry, which is very good, if not absolutely of the first class, may be spoken of later.

6. In English, as in other European languages, most words can be referred with certainty to Aryan ¹⁵ roots, but others are more recent than the time when written literature began.

7. This work should also be referred to for a detailed account of the Museum Collections.

8. In the fashionable districts (of Bath ¹⁶) practically every dwelling had been lived in at some time by many famous people.

9. On the whole this defective system (of writing) works quite well in literature with which the reader is well acquainted, and it is indeed surprising to the European student of the Semitic languages to discover how easily vowel signs can be dispensed with in reading.

10. The use of soft copper was given up very soon wherever intercourse with the whites became habitual and iron became obtainable.

¹⁵ Aryan — индоевропейский.

¹⁶ Bath — Бат, старинный город Англии, в котором сохранились остатки бань, построенных римлянами в I в. н. э.

4. Особенности перевода страдательного залога от глаголов, принимающих предложное дополнение

Упражнение

3. Переведите.

1. The exceptions are not easily accounted for.

1. Expressions of this kind are often met with in his poetry.

2. These lines will be commented upon in the following paragraph.

2. He is often referred to аs the founder of tin's school.

3. Some urgent problems of our work have been touched upon here.

3. We were listened to with much surprise.

4. Tell him he is waited for.

5. The speaker was listened to with growing interest.

6. The details will be dealt with later.

10. Great changes were brought about by historical factors.

5. Особенности перевода страдательного залога от переходных глаголов

Упражнения

1. Переведите, предварительно установив, какого предлога требует глагол в русском языке.

1. We were joined by the others only two hours later.

2. The first question is readily answered.

3. He was addressed by a stranger.

4. He had been greatly influenced by Dutch painters.

5. This dialect is spoken only in the mountaneous part of the country.

6. Each poem of this kind is almost always followed by a short maxim,

7. This sacred room was penetrated only by the higher priests.

8. The problem of Greek decline may be approached from two sides.

9. Our (English) modern consonants are little affected by surrounding vowels.

10. We shall now see how the three departments of literature — prose, poetry and the drama — were affected by this new spirit.

11. The pronunciation of a few English words has been affected by modern French: for example, machine and police.

12. The authenticity of this document may be judged from several sources.

2. Переведите. Укажите залог и время сказуемого.

1. Everybody followed his example.

2. His example was followed by everybody.

3. One volume followed the other.

4. This volume was followed by a second one.

5. She has not followed your advice.

6. Your advice has not been followed.

7. Both men followed each other in silence.

8. The introduction is followed by the list of illustrations.

9. The majority of authors follow this simple rule.

10. This simple rule is followed by the majority of grammarians.

11. The police were following him for several hours.

12. He understood that he was being followed by the police.

3. Переведите предложения, учитывая разные значения глаголов to affect, to follow, to succeed.

1. The first revolutionary wave broke in 1825, in the entirely unsupported and unsuccessful mutiny of the Decembrists. It was followed by the long reaction of the reign of Nicholas I, during which rose the second wave.

2. Italy, within which at the dawn of history a multitude of different languages and dialects were spoken, achieved linguistic unity under the aegis of Rome.

3. As time went on, this culture tended to become rather less purely Greek, for it was penetrated to a greater or lesser degree by oriental elements.

4. Numerous foreign terms of civilized life appeared in old English times, and were joined in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries by a crowd of others connected with the church.

5. The method I have been describing in the text is, of course, one that is followed by all of us.

6. This glacial period was followed by a warmer interval known as the First Interglacial Stage.

7. Bulgarian art was in fact more closely affected by Constantinople than was the art of many of the numerous portions of the empire which never enjoyed ¹⁷ national independence.

8. «Lady Windermere's Fan» was a success. It was followed by «A Woman of No Importance»,¹⁸ produced at the Haymarket Theatre on 19 April, 1893.

9. If the correct syntactical punctuation is followed, the texts may be translated as follows.

10. The purpose of the present study is to examine the way in which Dickensian biography and criticism have been, affected in their development by the materials that were most easily available.

¹⁷ to enjoy — здесь: пользоваться.

¹⁸ Пьесы Оскара Уайльда: «Веер леди Виндермир» и «Женщина, не стоящая внимания».

11. These biographies were succeeded by the standard biography of Dickens, written by his friend John Forster which still remains the best written and the most reliable.

12. This king was succeeded by his eldest son Motokiyo, who died in 1455.

13. The houses of this small town are funny-shaped. Most of them are entered by a staircase, as the lower part is used as a fish-cellar.

14. In preparing this new edition the original arrangement has been followed in general outline.

15. The new schools of dramatists were largely influenced by the French drama and French fashions.

16. What is the main lesson of Hamlet? The question, I think, is answered in all essentials in the following passage.

17. If one and the same language is spoken in different communities, the tendency will be not only to change, but also to differentiation.

18. Mary I (1553—1558) died young and was succeeded by her Protestant half-sister Elizabeth I (1558—1603).