СТРАДАТЕЛЬНЫЙ ЗАЛОГ

Упражнения

1. Определите время сказуемого. Дайте все возможные варианты перевода.

1. Only a few instances will be given here.

2. His answer was appreciated by everybody.

3. A new exhibition has been organized in this building.

4. The most important documents are signed here.

5. His lecture will be broadcast by the radio tomorrow.

6. The new-discovered language was described and deciphered.

7. The inscriptions have not yet been fully studied.

8. The most important archaeological collections are housed in museums.

9. This paper was first published in another edition, and is reprinted here with the permission of the editors.

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10. The above problem is being investigated by one of the writers,¹ and the results will be published separately.

11. All these ancient tools have been mentioned above, and something more will be said about them in the following chapter.

2. Подберите наилучший вариант перевода.

1. According to one version the famous library was destroyed during the strife between Ptolemy XV and his sister Cleopatra for the throne; according to another, it was burned six centuries later.

2. Almost all sciences except perhaps medicine suffered a relapse ² during the Dark Ages ³ when scientific pursuits were considered antireligious. The occasional scholar who attempted such studies was often persecuted and his progress discouragingly slow.

3. The origin of the race of men who made the Nile valley the cradle of civilization is still being sought by scholars.

4. On the whole ⁴ Chekhov's plays are constructed in the same way as his stories. The differences are due to the differences of material and are imposed by the use of dialogue.

5. These papers were in their original form read at a conference of the English Institute, 1954.

6. ¹ writers — здесь: авторы.

7. ² a relapse — здесь: период упадка, застоя (амер.).

8. ³ Dark Ages — средние века.

9. ⁴ on the whole — в целом.

10. ⁵ Подробнее о переводе модальных глаголов с инфинитивом см. стр. 36—43.

11. 7

ПЕРЕВОД СОЧЕТАНИЙ МОДАЛЬНОГО ГЛАГОЛА С ИНФИНИТИВОМ В СТРАДАТЕЛЬНОМ ЗАЛОГЕ⁵

Упражнение

Переведите. Обратите внимание на значение и время модального глагола.

1. The question can be decided later.

2. The newspaper must be translated without a dictionary.

3. The lecture is to be delivered at eleven o'clock.

4. The teacher fell ill, so the lesson had to be postponed.

5. A word should be said about the origin of this term.

6. This rule cannot be applied here.

7. These books must not be touched without permission.

8. A word or two⁶ may be said as to the plan upon which the book is constructed.

9. The letters will have to be posted in the morning.

10. ⁶ a word, a word or two — несколько слов. ⁷ Имеются в виду глаголы, принимающие два дополнения — прямое и косвенное.

3. Особенности перевода подлежащего при сказуемом в страдательном залоге

Упражнения

1. Переведите. Обратите внимание на то, каким падежом следует перевести подлежащее английского предложения.

1. We were informed that he had been sent to a conference.

2. He was sent only two copies of this book.

3. They were asked about it yesterday.

4. We were asked to come in.

5. He had been taught Latin and Greek in his boyhood. . 6. We were given only three tickets instead of five.

7. She was given a watch as a birthday present.

8. The visitors were shown many new exhibits.

9. They were shown into a large hall.

10. He has not been seen anywhere today.

11. We were shown in ⁹ and asked to wait.

12. She was advised to spend the summer in the Crimea.

13. They were ordered to be silent.

14. The painter was assisted by two of his disciples.

15. We have not been offered anything yet.

16. The boy was helped with his lessons by his elder sister.

17. I was told that all the strangers were refused admittance to that building.

18. To this end ¹⁰ lengthy discussion has been avoided here.

19. He was admired not only for his technical skill, but also for his ability to attract people.

20. This information should not be ignored.

21. This unpleasant meeting is not to be avoided.

2. Переведите. Обратите внимание на то, каким падежом следует перевести подлежащее английского предложения.

1. By 1542 Negro slaves were forbidden to leave the haciendas, villages or cities after dark.

2. The preservation of an archaic literary language is greatly helped by its being at the same time a written language.

3. Tents were quickly dressed, and the knights were told to dismount from their horses.

4. This work cannot be given a high place as literature,¹¹ but it is valuable for the contemporary documents it contains.

5. This analogical tendency is to some extent ¹² aided by grammarians who prefer «regular» to «irregular» schemes.

6. Fielding's last novel «Amelia» has been admired by some even more than «Tom Jones» ¹³ probably because of the beautiful character of the heroine.

⁹ to show in — провести в дом кого-л.

¹⁰ to this end — для этого, с этой целью.

¹¹ a literature — здесь: литературное произведение. ¹² to some extent — до некоторой степени.

¹³ «Амелия», «Тон Джонс» — романы Генрн Филдинга (1707— 1754).

7. For a number of years commercial relations were kept up with Spain through Mexico, and the Dutch and the English were both permitted to establish trading factories in the South.

8. In the later history of Chinese, the use of the classifier was favoured by the increasing phonetic poverty and different classifiers served to distinguish words which were becoming homophones.

9. Esarhaddon's¹⁴ appointment had been opposed by his brothers and some district governors who incited his father against him.

10. Consequently expert seamen and ship's carpenters were sent out from St. Petersburg. On one hand the men were promised both worldly and spiritual rewards: wealth, promotions and imperial favour if by the Grace of Christ they would reach Kamchatka. On the other hand they were threatened with certain death if they delayed or slowed down their voyage.

11. Festivals were preceded by hunting expeditions to obtain small animals, such as rats, which were smoked and strung together to be worn as necklaces.

12. The sword in Old English times was owned (judging from finds), by only one man in twenty.

¹⁴ Esarhaddon — Асархаддон, ассирийский царь (681 — 668 до н. э.).