Том 4
.pdf
621.3+621.37[(043.2)]154
, -
154 : . .-. !. " # "$# : %. &. ' 4 . . 4. .: % &*" #/ 8 , 2013. — 334 ".
ISBN 978-5-383-00835-5
ISBN 978-5-383-00839-3 ( 8 4)
< 8 = > 8 8 "? # %#"> & " # "- $# ""#/" # # % ? > % " = @ " > $& # / A C # # # $& !#%# #, $& A C # #, A C 8 D# " #
# A& A C # #.
E? # $% & " , "$# , $ $& / - % # # , # " @=# " % >8# >D $& # 8# # # # #.
%#"> $@ " " " # #C# & 8 8 $8 C $#- # . ' &* > "& " # #C# &> " > #%8 # - # " C . $#& , " " # .
____________________________________________________
. . — , !" #$
. . % & — $ |
, "$" &* |
||
'. . ! — $>/ $ |
, "$" &* |
||
. . ()* — >/ " # , " >/ " * |
|||
. . ) + — $8 = # $ |
|
||
. . — . & 8 > " % / |
|||
. . +- — # |
|
|
|
. . / — # |
|
||
. . $ — # |
|
|
|
. . +-% — # |
|
|
|
.'. 0+ — # ' |
|
|
|
. . — # |
|
|
|
. . — # < |
! |
|
|
. . ( ! + — # |
< |
|
|
. . 1 +! — # !# & C. E8 & " |
|||
. . +- — # !# & |
C. ' & " #/ |
||
. . 1 & +/ — # |
C # " C && (!# & ) |
||
C. |
|
|
|
ISBN 978-5-383-00835-5 |
|
|
© >, 2013 |
ISBN 978-5-383-00839-3 ($ 4) |
|
|
© F « % &*" #/ 8 », 2013 |
|
— |
|
|
|
, . . ., |
|
. . |
|
4
39
!
— . . , . . ., . .
— . . .
. . , .; !- . . . " ! , . . ., ., #.#. $, . . ., . ( % «# »)
+COST ESTIMATING
' " = / ? " #"$&*% # 8 $ Cost Estimating [1] $ $# $ $> $ * & " ? % " * #"$&*% # "- " A C ?& E " $>D / 8# &* / 8 = " *@ # - # * $#8 &* >/ * 8 = " # C C .
# >$& > & $ ' E-2 " '' -1200 " 8:
) " " ? # 8$& " < +E |
# |
C " #8 " / [2]; |
?) C C !# C % #; ) > ! (" A&- |
||
A C#@ $# / *, " 8 = " * ? % /$# ) [3]; C) #- |
||
" # #" # ? # < # E |
( " & / 8 =- |
|
" #; $" #8 C $& ! "# # ; < E |
# . .). |
|
'>$& > # $% , " 8 > "& # :
1) |
8$& " E+E #8 $# 8& 8> " # $8 " # (8- |
10 |
& ) "& : ) " = " > #"$" # C # #/ # |
?) " / " # % $# @ 8 = " *; |
|
2) |
$#8 &* $# 8 = " * 8$& " < +E " = "- |
$>"# ! "# > %8 " / " 8 > < , " #- C 8> ? % % # &* > $& # &* > % ;
3) "#& " = " C & " #8 " # >" 8$C$& "# & (' ) ?=# % > < +E & " ? % " # $#" ? & D > " # "$" ? 8 # $& ;
4) $"$# > "#" 8> " # # 8 & [4] 8 C " " # * " * % @ #@ E .
5
0 +
1.Cost estimating guidelines for generation IV nuclear energy systems. Revision 4.2. September 26, 2007. Printed by the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency for the Generation IV International Forum. — 181 p.
2.( !" & . ., < = & . . # " / %8 " # # A- 8# " / & " ? % " # ? > E " '' 8 > #8 % " #"$&*% # $& > 8 & A C## 8 //U & « "A C 8». http://www.rosenergoatom.info.
3.& ! &* / "& ?> $ #! 8 ""#/" / ! ##. www.fstrf.ru.
4.Bradwell DJ, Kim H, Sirk AH, Sadoway DR. Magnesium—Antimony Liquid Metal Battery for Stationary Energy Storage Journal of the American Chemical Society. - 2012 Feb 1;134(4):1895-7. Epub 2012 Jan 18. (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22224420).
6
&. . " , ! .; ! . ".". ' , . . ., . ( " %, *. )
'$# 2015—2020 CC. ""## ? #8> > 8 = " / E
" 8 2,5 ' /C . < # % ## 8 "#8 &* C # 2030 C. %8 " " & / 8 = " # E 60 ' , $# Z #@ E ?= / > ? A& A C## ""## # " # #@ E. & $>D # A 8# " # E # # > ? # A& A C## " Z 1 C $, $= C % $ - @ " * ?# >, ? @= / ">= 8 $, $& / "- 8 ?& E $#8 @ "$#@ # $8 >/ $C $ (E<<). #" # E<< " = " % #" #-A 8#- " # $% ? " #, # < , % &* &- # , " " $& / " 8>, " #8 " * ? # # .$.
< # $# ## # A "$& ## E, =# ? " # &* > !# 8> " ? #8 # & @ " ## E<<. & ?# - C #$%8 # C $#8 @ % > " ## E<<: C #%- &* > , # &* > , " $&@ Z / "$*@ "$##, ?> " ## $> A "$& ## # #""& #/ ? * # >? * #& D#/ # . $#8 , #""& # , >$& > !# 8 / «Mitsubishi» C #% &* > E<< $% , # "# &*- C ?\ 8 C $ $" $ % E<< $# # $#@ < "$ - .
E &*@ >? #? & $#8 &* / " ## E<< 8# ?>& $Z % " = " @=# # &* > # C #% &* > - " #/ E<< # >? "#" 8 E<< # &* C #$, " " = #% "$ # "$/ $8 C $C $. & $&- # # " # #" # >? / "#" 8> E<< ?>& " = "- &Z " Z $& / " 8> ?& E " ?# / -1000-60/1500, $ $& / # C# " #/ " Z E<<. " Z $% &, $#
& ## $ "$ " = 1,2 < C# " "$ - # & # A& 8 "#" 8> E<< " " & : "$ " = 0,02 < , $ $C & $/ "$# 1 = 0,03 < , / "$# —2 = 0,03 < . ? 8 $" * C $ $C & $/ "$# F1 = 580 82, / "$# F2 = 776 82 $# " $ -"#" 8 E<<, 8 D = 4753,4 / . E& 8 # *, - 8 > &$ `' ?# > " & $ "$. < # $ -
$ $"& E<< ` ?# > ?&@ " % & #/ $ - , & # $& i = 0,005 0,013 < .
7
&. . "! , . . $ , ! +; !- . . # / , . . ., .; '. . # / , . .-. , . ( % «# »)
< & >/ 8 # =# " " # MPS (Moving-Particle SemiImplicit) % ? & 8 # #/ " #8 8 / # " # " " ? / $" *@ [1]. ' A 8 8 #"$&*% " #" 8 &* "$& D / " >: # " * $" & " " $8 =*@ ? - " # . & " # # " # « "C& # # » (h), #- % @= "" # 8 # " /" "C& # @ " " $8 =*@ ! ## . % # , &@? !#%# " # &@? / " # > 8 ?> * $& $8 " 88# # " " @=# # " " # , > " $& 2h. ' & / " # > $# "-/ # # / !#%# " / # > % #"# $& " # # ""- # ""8 # 8 / " # >, 8 8 # " # A & $#"> " ! # / # " / ! # /. ' 8 MPS #"$&*% " " ! #
h r 1, 0 r h; |
|
w(r) |
(1) |
0, |
h r, |
C r — "" # 8 " # 8#.
# & $& # C-? !#%# " C " /" A -r #8 "& @=#/ #
A(r) mj |
Aj |
W |
|
r rj |
|
,h , |
(2) |
|
|
|
|||||||
|
||||||||
j |
j |
|
|
|
|
|
||
C mj — 8 "" " # > j; Aj — % # " /" A " # > j; j |
— |
|||||||
$& " * " # > j.
& C# 8 $& # * > # & $ C # # &$& "# . ' % &* # " #8 8 / # " # 8 $?- % * # 8# " # # " # , & #"& C D # - > % ? > "$# &* > &C # 8>.
" $#" C 8 ?>& % ? 8$*@ >/ , " $8 =*@ C ? D > % # ?& ## $ # " # "- $& & # & ( # #/).
0 +
1. Numerical analysis of fragmentation mechanisms in vapor explosions / S. Koshizuka et al. // Nuclear Engineering and Design. 1999. V. 189. P. 423—433.
8
& 0/ * # 1, ! .; ! . 2. . , . .-. ., . ( % «# »)
8 # ## " $/ $& "# & E " $8 =*@ " C , 8 C 8 $& " " *@ 8 # # " C #" # , #"$&*% 8 / . ' " = 8 & 8- # #/ " $/ $& "# & #"$&*% @ " , $#& , "#" 8 > $& C# " # > & D / #, " " #, > RELAP # MELCOR [1].
< 8 # 8 #/ C #8 E "#" 8 > $&- C# " # > & > $/ # #@ $ % &* 8 A "$#- 8 , >$& > "$# &* > $& C# " # " . '« `» " % ? % A "$#8 &* > > $ # # " 8 #" #@ $& "# & , $% & @= $" # #@ $ - D #@ & #@ # # " C #" # D# 8 #$% $&- !#%# " # $8 [2].
' / ? A "$#8 > [2] "" # > "* " $8 =*@ $ - C 88>, " % / " 8 8 # " / 8 [3], $# A 8 #"- $&*% "* $& !#%# " # ! ## $C 88 C 8$& " WaterSteamPro. & > A "$#8 &* > #8 " > % &*- >, $& > " #"$&*% # 8 8 [3], " C& " "* " A "$#- 8 &* >8# >8# & D , 8 % &* >, $& >8# 8# RELAP # MELCOR [1], " # &*" $"$# " # #"$&*%- # 8 [3] "#" 8 > $& C# " # .
0 +
1.> !" ?.@., ' ! .(. % &* > #!# ## 8 & / # # " C #" # RELAP5 # MELCOR A "$#8 &* > > " E-1 ( `) // ? "$# ? %$" " # E " '' . 2007. < &*" : #$"", 25 — 1 @ , 2007, CD
2.* . 8$*@ >/ ? $> > > $ 8$& " A "$#- 8 &* > #""& #/ " # C #" # C $& "# & % A& 8 > # & # > $C # @=# " . & C " , 1990.
3.Blinkov V.N., Jones O.C and Nigmatulin B.I. Nucleation and flashing in noz- zles-2. Comparison with experiments using a five-equation model for vapor void development // Int. J. Multiphase Flow. 1993. Vol.19. | 6. . 965—986.
9
&. . 3 4 , .; ! . '. . # / , . .-. ., . ( % «# »)
' # &* 8 #""& &*" 8 # "# « » ! 8 > A& # " # " #/ ?>& % ? C $ 8 #@ # ! % > $ " > . $ " > " $#8 ## # $" 8 ! % / $ - " #, $% & @= C / # ? #8 " # #"$&*% * - #8 .
' >/ & # $" 8 ! % / $" # " #" # > & >, 8 @=# % > 8 # " # $""> % #8 /" # #"$" > " # . " C D #/ *, # ? #- " # $%> * > # , > & " # # % #8 /" # :
-& " # #"$" > " # $ # 8 "& / > "-
#/;
-& " # #"$" > " # ?& C " #@ & %- # ;
-"=$& # #"$" > " # #%-% ? & > # /.
?>& " & , & ? "# &* 8 & C # 8 « & » C A!! . % &* > " " $8 =*@ A8$# # " # > / & ##, " %> @= / % > #" #- > & > 8 " ? / $& >8 ? % 8, $" & > #". 1.
. 1. ? !F% % % $GL-& = - * )= *!= ! *
10