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'" %# " A #8 $" & " &* >8 #8 * &* $"- & # $"" , $#" =# $& %8 . $#" # ? & C # $& %8> " 8 $ " ? " "& [1] # $& # &* @ "& " * $" & @ " ? / 8 C #"& > " / # " #. ? $" & " ? / ?% $ $#" #@ # #"& 8 8- #@ ? & > #/ $& %8 , $% " 8 "- " # $?& 8> # ? = #8 # $?& 8>, > = " $& #""& >. $# $#" # " 8- C " " # % # ? > $# ? ## C #- >8 $8 # # C > " # D " # & # % # #""& # $ & 8# C #8 ?- & 8 # " & # # # " C #"& / &* " .

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1. $ . ., 0 @. ., * . . " / # " # # ?- & " * #% 8$/ $& %8 . .: % &*" , 1994.

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. . ! ! , . . 0 4, . . , ! +; ! . #.8. + , . .-. ., . ($" %, *. $)

~ >/ $&* >/ % " $% & ? # * % > > = " 8 "" ## # @= / D # ( >). " % > = " , $#8 C " C [1], $8 = $& " 8 "- " >/ $", 8 && #" , # & / 8 %>- @ " A!! # >8# .

'% > > # # " # = " $& @= 8 ? &*D# " " " ? 8> % # & , % 8 # @ %8 " * # ? # " $8 =*@ 8 ~ . " /" & C#" ## " > > % & % > > = " " ~ % 14N & " # " >8 " /" 8, ? "$# @=#8 % @ # #!# #@ % > C = " [2]. " > ~ 14N, 35Cl # 37Cl & #% " 8 #$% , $# # #% / " #- &* " # 8 , ~ " # *" " * % >8 8 C#8 8 8 [3].

8# % ? > " # #"$> > " ~-. ' " -& # C >/ #8$&*" >/ ~-"$8 " 8 = " *@ ?- & @=# #8$&*" 4 ' . < # &* > A "$#8 > $ - " A # / 8 "$# &* > D % C # 8- . " C D #/ * A "$#8 > $*" " "$# &* / - D / # 8 8 30 "8, C#" # "#C & NaNO2 " ""- # 15 "8 $# 8 = " # $# 150 ' . ' &* /D 8 ? #"$&*- % *" # # C # 8 " $& # &* >8# 8#. & " # # > D 8 $& # *" #"$&*% * ? ? "#C- & "#C &* >8 $"" 8, >/ " # D 8 > "#C &> "$& # &* > # > D 8> #% "#C & " / D #. $% #"$&*% * «~ $" > = " » ?> > "&- # — ? % A # # .

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1.$! . # # % > > = " . .: # , 1981.

2.L . ., X.W. ~ >/ $&* >/ % " " # # % . .: , 1977.

3.$ . ., ( / . ., W . . < #8 # ~ #8##. .: #8# , 1972.

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< # " $#8 # & #/ E # % #"# $8 - = " # # # > $%> /. E C& " "$"$# " #8 #%8 # 8 [1], $& %8 # $%> / & " "#&* " / " "*8 >" / & ? &* / ( "& &* , = ? &*D / A&- /) 8$/. #8# " # ##, $@=# / $& %8 , 8 $ $? * #"$&*% * & #%8 # #8# " C " " # " #, $@= / # & .

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E &@8# " # "# $ " " &* / % / & # " # , # & A "$#8 &* > #""& #/. "# &* $# > " # # " # " = " @ % > C#$%>, > 8 ?\ # # * % > C$$>: $& > # A& # " # . < > $ $& C @ % # &* >/ % C " > # $C % > # # > $& " /, > $ $& C @ , " # %?- " "#&* 8 A& # " 8 $& , % # @= 8 # " # % " # # > $# # .

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& D # &* / % # $ $& #@ $& !#%# " # " /" " 8 > A C "? C @=# 8 # & , $#8 , #$& % =# # 8# " " (U ), ! «- # " # " > $& # #» % ? A "$#8 &* >/ " $ $& #@ A!!# # $&$" # U 8 8 # # " C "& " # 8 #8 $&$" #.

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«< », 8 ?> * $& % 8 = " * A& # " C C & . " ## % #/ 8$ / # / $" # # # " C "& 8 # & # $& C $, $ - = C % C , % #% " > C 8 # " # #- " # #""& 8 C ? % "" # > @ A!!# # $&$ - " #. ' " = 8 A "$#8 &* 8 " $> #"$>- # 8 # & " #% " >8# % # 8# A!!# # $&$ - " # & C # #.

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U# #/ 8 && (U ) $ $& C " #"$&*% * " $&- "# & > # 8 > " . ' $"& 8 "& # U ? $#" # * "& # "#&* > 8 C # > $& / ( <), 8 $# # * " !# " 8 " "$# & # #@ [1].% 8 "$& # $& ?8 > & "$" ? 8# #- 8#%# * A # C # > A!! > [2]. ' &* 8 " /" % &* #- @= < $& $ C& 8 C #% , ? "& & >8 "- D # 8 # &* C # $& # &* C <. < # " A "$#8- &* #""& # # U & / ? (tg•=1/5) $ - &* 8 8 C # 8 $& ( #".1), " " "& # 8 8 $ , % @ " % > # > C $ $#8 ? C ( #". 2). " # >/ C &* $% & " = " & *: >/ ? C (qd = qu), ? C « &* " » (qd = 0 # qu > 0), ? C « &* " #% » (qu = 0 # qd > 0), $8 > # > ? C (qu > qd # qu < qd).

 

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2.0. ., . . # # 8# # $& ?8 -#/ & . — .: % &*" , 2001. — 200 ".

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' % &* ? > > " C# # 8# " # ? # # # " # > 8 , # "# " * $& # # # #- # " # > 8 , * # "#!# ## $& ?8 $& 8, - # " # # " 8 #$% C& ?# # # " # > 8 # #" & / &* " & & 8# C # ? & C $ & " #- # " #8# > 8 8#. " A # > $ $& C# - " #/ " $C & " # "#!# 8.

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1.)/ @.1., !$ . . $& ?8 > $$> " # "#!#- # >8 $& ?8 8. % *: #8. . . $& , 1999.

2.)/ @.1., !$ . ., ( ! (. . $& C# " #/ " # $# # ? # " # "#!# # >8 $& ?8 8. % *: #8. . . $& , 2004.

3.0 " . ., !$ . ., X ! . ., . . E = " 8- #%8 # "#!# ## $& ?8 $" # " "! # " #8# > 8 8#

//% . . C # . 2002.

4.)G X. . # # 8# # $& ?8 & " $" >8# #- "#!# 8# $# > 8 # ## $& "# & /. #"…. . . . % *: #8. . . $& , 2011.

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