Angl_yaz_128Glebovsky_13_1

3.Whatdoesatransmission-speedsensorservefor?

4.What do the gearshift sensors monitor?

5.When is SRM helpful?

Грамматическое упражнение

Найдите втексте предложения с герундием,определитеего функцию и переведите на русский язык.

Лексические упражнения

Упражнение 1. Переведите на русский язык приведённые ниже слова и словосочетания. Если Вы не знаете слово, найдите его в словаре. Выпишите из словаря то значение слова, вкотором оно использовано в тексте.

downshift(n.),finely(adv.),gearshift(n.),heel-and-toeing(n.),helpful(adj.), make sure (v.), rev (n.), sensitive (adj.), stick (v.), target (n.), upshift (n.).

Упражнение 2. Найдите перевод слов списка А в списке В.

Упражнение 3. Напишите предложения с каждым из перечисленных ниже слов:

help – helpful

advance – advanced – advancement

Упражнение 4. Составьте план содержания текста B.

Урок 3.10

Фонетическое задание

Прочитайте транскрипцию в списке A, соотнесите её с соответствующим словом из списка B и переведите слово на русский язык. Учтите, что не все слова списка В даны в списке А.

Текст А

TORQUEINGUPTHE GEARLESSTRANSMISSION

(continued)

The Nissan and Mazda CVTs eschew steel belts, chains, and pulleys for a split-torus and roller design. Imagine a pulley, but instead of forming a straight-edged V shape, the sides are curved as if cradling a large bagel or inner tube. Rather than transmitting torque from both halves of the pulley to a belt, one half transmits torque to the other via a roller that contacts both halvesundergreatpressure.Byvaryingthepointsatwhichthisrollercontacts the input and output tori, the gear ratio is changed.

Both the Nissan and Mazda designs employ four rollers acting on a matched pair of input and output tori.

Nissan’s Extroid CVT is used in the Cedric and Gloria – luxury cars powered bya turbochargedV-6ratedat276 horsepowerand285 pound-feet, makingitthe highest-torque-capacityCVTinproduction byfar.The Extroid CVTusesatorqueconverterandclaimstoimprovefueleconomyby10%in combined driving cycle.

Mazda’s toroidal CVT aims to improve fuel economy even further by replacingthetorqueconverterwitha“gearedneutralstart”setup.Thetoroidal systemisessentially thesame, butthe planetarygearsetused for reversealso provideslow-speedtorquemultiplication. Inneutralandlow-speedoperation, engine torque flows to the input tori and, via a hydraulic clutch pack, to the planetcarrier.The output tori are geared to the sun gear;the ringgear directs power to the wheels.The gearingis such that with the toroidal rollers set for a high gear ratio, the sun and planets rotate freely inside a stationary ring gear. This is neutral. For reverse, the toroidal rollers shift to an even higher gear ratio, which speeds up the sun gear and reverses the ring gear. Then, whendrive isselected,therollersbeginshiftingtowardthelowergearratios, slowing the sun gear and speeding up the ring gear.At about 25 mph, when thetoroidalrollersareattheirlowestratio,theplanetarygearsetisdeclutched and the toroidal setup is clutched to drive the wheels directly, progressing back up through the gear ratios.

The torque capacity is 220 pound-feet, and this transmission is said to provide a 20% improvement in combined-cycle fuel economy relative to a four-speed automatic.

Notes:

вращения в формебублика), выступ

Ответьтенавопросыктексту

1.How is the gear ratio changed by the Nissan and Mazda CVRs?

2.Where is Nissan’s Extroid CVT used?

3.What does Mazda’s toroidal CVT feature?

4.What are the characteristics of Mazda’s CVT?

Лексические упражнения

Упражнение 1. Переведите на русский язык приведённые ниже слова:

imagine (v.), setup (n.), turbocharged (adj.).

Какие из перечисленных слов могут быть другими частями речи? Какими именно? Как они в этом случае переводятся на русский язык?

Упражнение2. Переведитенаанглийскийязыкприведённыениже слова и словосочетания:

амортизатор; безусловно; включение; вместо того, чтобы; вместо; вращать(ся); делить, разделять; задний ход; заменять; изменять; изогнутый; использовать; концепция; коронная шестерня; крутящий момент; направлять; опора; пара; перекат с пятки на носок; переключениепередач;посуществу;полезный;понижающаяпередача; представитьсебе;прекрасный;ремень,лента;стурбонаддувом;сечение, профиль; собственный; солнечная шестерня, центральная шестерня; способность; точка, место; устройство; цепь; шкив.

Упражнение 3. Определите: есть ли ошибки в переводе представленныхнижеслов.Еслиошибкиимеются,укажитеправильныйперевод.

Упражнение4.Выберитетолкование, которое соответствуетстроительномутерминувлевойколонке.

steering.

Грамматическиеупражнения

Упражнение 1. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на Participle II,определитеегофункции.

1.Pressureappliedanywhereinafluidistransmittedequallythroughoutit.

2.IntheAdwestpower-assistedrack-and-pinionsteeringsystem,thehydraulic assistingpressureiscontrolledanddirectedbyarotaryvalve.

3.Hypoid-spiralbevelgearsalsohavecurvedteeth,buttheaxesofthewheels arenotinthesameplane.

4.Both the Nissan and Mazda designs employ four rollers acting on a matched pair of input and output tori.

5.Strut-typefrontsuspensions,knownfortheirlightandlowcost,canprovide excellentsteeringandhandlingcharacteristics.

6.Whensprayedintotheintakeairstreamfuelmixeswiththeincomingair andvaporizesduetothelowpressuresintheintakemanifold.

7.Theresistanceisnotenoughtostopthedifferentialactionwhenthecaris followinga curved path; but itbuilds up whenthe drivingtorque applied tothedifferentialisincreased.

8.Ifbuilttorunatahighertemperaturetheenginewillproducemorework from agallon of fuel.

9.Thehalf-shafthastowithstandbendingloadsimposedbytheweightofthe car.

10.In the search for improved ride and handling, designers have adopted independentfrontsuspension.

Упражнение2.Переведитепредложения,обращаявниманиенаусловныепредложенияIIтипа.

1.As shock waves occur attherateof severalthousand a minute, the noise fromcarswouldbesociallyunacceptableifitwerenotmoderated.

2.If the signal voltage were above this value, the fuel quantity would be reduced.

3.Ifthemountswerestiffallthetime,thenoiseandvibrationwouldproduce quiteadiscomfortforthedriver.

4.Ifexhaustgaseswerenotclearedeffectively,thepetrol/airmixturewould beimpeded.

5.Ifallfourwheelsweredriven,thetyreswouldgripbetteronslipperyground.

6.The wheels moving up and down over bumps would not lift if the upper and lower wishbones were parallel and of equal length.

Упражнение 3. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на слово one.

1.High-speed engines are noisier than slower-running ones.

2.A one-way clutch locks the reactor to the gearbox casing at low engine speeds.

3.If the second piston has three times the area, it will exert three times force through one-third of the distance.

4.Oneshouldunderstand(понимать)theimportanceofthecarsafety.

5.As to fuel consumption light-weight vehicles are more economical to run than heavier ones.

6.Thebestworkingtemperatureforanengineisonewhichheatsthecoolant at a point near the thermostat housing to about 80-85°C.

Упражнение 4. Работа в парах.

Студент C: Задайте 5 вопросов различных типов к тексту А. Студент D: Ответьте на вопросы к тексту студента C. Студенты C и D: Поменяйтесь ролями.

Текст В

2010 PORSCHE 911 GT3’S DYNAMIC ENGINE MOUNTS

Porsche’s newest track-ready 911 GT3 arrives with a few new and unexpected pieces of technology. For one, it’s the first GT3 with stability control.And it’s the first Porsche equipped with dynamic drivetrain mounts.

During hard cornering, even the smallest shifting movements of the powertrain – which accounts for about 20 percent of the GT3’s weight – can upset handling dynamics and steering accuracy. The mounts hold the powertrain tightlyduring hard driving but relax their hold duringeasygoing. If themounts werestiff all thetime,the noiseand vibration transmittedfrom theenginetothebodywouldproducequiteadiscomfortforthedriver.

TheGT3’senginemountsworkthroughthemagicofmagnetorheological fluid(thesamestufffoundinsomevariableshocks).Anelectromagnetinthe mount produces a magnetic field, which causes the fluid to alter its viscosity immediately. Change the voltage applied to the electromagnet, and you can instantlymakethefluidthinnerorthicker.Theengine-managementcomputer regulatesthisvoltageaccordingtoamapbasedprimarilyonenginerpm.

Variableenginemountsarenotnew.Hondausedoneinits1990Accord. It was vacuum powered and designed to muzzle NVH below 1000 rpm in four-cylinder models. The newest variable mounts from Honda rely on hydraulics and are found on six-cylinder Hondas equipped with cylinder deactivation.

Perhapsthebiggestbenefitwillcomeduringaccelerationtesting,when themountswillstiffenduringhigh-rpmclutchdropsandminimizethewheel hop that can sometimes make hard launches in 911s difficult. We expect the GT3’s in Porsche’s press fleet will all have this feature to achieve that allimportantlast10thofa second.

Notes:

deactivation [] n. отключение discomfort [] n. неудобство electromagnet [] n. электромагнит magic [] n. магия

magnetorheological [] adj. магнитореологический muzzle [] v. окоротить

press fleet [] n. парк (автомобилей) конвейерной сборки relax [] v. ослаблять

stiffen [] v. твердеть stuff [] n. вещество upset [] v. нарушить

Ответьтенавопросыктексту

1.WhatisnewaboutPorsche’s911GT3?

2.Whatdodynamic drivetrainmountsprovide?

3.Howdotheywork?

4.Whenwerevariableenginemountsintroduced?

5.WhatwillbethebiggestbenefitofPorsche’smounts?

Урок 3.11

Фонетическое задание

ПрочитайтетранскрипциювспискеA,соотнеситееёссоответствующимсловомизспискаBипереведитесловонарусскийязык. Учтите, чтоневсесловаспискаВданывспискеА.

Текст А

FOR THOSEABOUTTO PARK

Lexus was first to offer an automated parking system in 2007. The system was not easy to use, requiring much input from the driver to work properly and only operating at crawling speeds.

TheFord activeparkassistsystem(APA) isdifferent fromLexus’s ina number of ways. Instead of a video camera, it uses six ultrasonic sensors to “see” available parking spots and is simpler to operate.

The two front sensors operate at 51 kHz, which gives them a longer range(16feet)anda45degreefieldofview.Thefourrearsensorsaretypical (38 kHz) with a 7-foot range and a 60-degree field of view.

At the press of a console button the system scans for suitable parking spots with two front long-range sensors.

WhenAPAlocates an appropriate place – it can be no smaller than 1.2 timesthelengthofthevehicle–thevehicleemitsabeepandissuesamessage via the instrumentcluster indicating that the drivershould continue forward. A second beep and message inform the driver to stop the vehicle and shift into reverse.

Fromtherethe cartakesoverexpertlycontrollingthe steeringbasedon calculations from wheel-speed and rear-parking sensor data as to where the vehicle is relative to the parking space (the driver is still in charge of the gas and the brakes). The system will even prompt the driver to shift between drive and reverse for up to six back-and-forth maneuvers to park into a tight space.

APA requires electric power steering and currently performs only parallel-parking tasks yet operates at speeds up to 6 mph, five times faster than the Lexus system.

Whereas the Lexus systemhad trouble withcertain conditions, such as parking on downhill grades, Ford’s is designed for 41 different situations: uphill, downhill, on a curve, with a car in front but not in back, with or without a curb, in between two poles, and on and on. APA will recognize whether the front of your car would hit a car (or any object) on the opposite side of the street during the maneuver and prevents it from activating.

Compared with the Lexus system, Ford claims its active park assist operates three times quicker (in as little as 15 seconds), two times closer to the curb, and three times more consistently.

Notes:

Ответьтенавопросыктексту

1.How does the FordAPAdiffer from Lexus’s?

2.What does the FordAPAconsist of?

3.How does it work?

4.What doesAPA require?

5.How fast does it function (действует)?

6.What is the range of parking conditions of the FordAPA?

Лексические упражнения

Упражнение 1. Переведите на русский язык приведённые ниже слова и словосочетания. Если Вы не знаете слово, найдите его в словаре. Выпишите из словаря то значение слова, в котором оно использовано в тексте.

beep(n.),camera(n.),cluster(n.),console(n.),emit(v.),inform(v.),maneuver (n.), message (n.), uphill (adj.), view (n.).

Какие из перечисленных слов могут быть другими частями речи? Какими именно? Как они в этом случае переводятся на русский язык?

Упражнение2. Переведитенаанглийскийязыкприведённыениже слова и словосочетания:

бордюр; быстро; в гору; вместо; вперёд, дальше; всего, лишь; данные, сведения; до сих пор, всё ещё; задний; задний ход; звуковой сигнал; изгиб; комплект; легкий; маневрирование, манёвр; несколько; обзор; обнаруживать, находить; ограниченный (о пространстве); отвечать за что-либо; относительно; передний; подходящий (2); поле, область; посылать; предмет; противоположный; раз; свободный; сообщение; способ, направление; такой как; требовать; ударять; указывать; утверждать.

Упражнение3.Заполнитепропускивтексте,используясловаиз приведённого ниже списка:

ElectricServoDrive

In power steering for … hydraulic servo systems have … used where pumps are powered directly by the internal combustion engine. When the pump…operatedcontinuously,thesesystemsare…adisadvantagebecause of their additional fuel consumption. Consequently, a servo drive (привод с усилителем) for vehicle steering systems … an electric motor is being developed.

There … been considerable advance in the field of power electronics towards small components … increased power, and in the field of microelectronicswherehighperformancemicrocontrollersarenowavailable. Thesedevelopmentsmakeit…touseelectricservodrivesforpower-assisted steering in motor vehicles.

Servo drives using an electric motor offer … advantages over conventionalhydraulicpowersteering:theyaremuchbetteradaptedtovehicle speed and the driver’s demands, have simplified application and … fuel consumption.

Грамматические упражнения

Упражнение 1. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на инфинитив и его функции.

1.A second beep and message inform the driver to stop the vehicle and shift into reverse.

2.Amagnetic field causes the fluid to alter its viscosity immediately.

3.SRM removes pre-corner anxiety and allows you to focus on braking and turn-in.

4.Having more ratios to choose from permits the engine to operate at an ideal speed and load more of the time.

5.It is not enough for a wheel to be round it must also be strong, light and well-balanced.

6.Electric cars produce no tailpipe emissions, reduce our dependency on oil, and are cheaper to operate.

7.To solve this problem the rear suspension may include driving axles with leaf springs.

8.This assembly has three jobs to do.

Упражнение2.Переведитепредложения,обращаявниманиенабудущеевремя.

1.Thesystemwillevenpromptthedrivertoshiftbetweendriveandreverse to squeeze into a tight space.

2.Atsuchproportionthefuelwillbecompletelyburntwithoxygenavailable in the combustion chamber.

3.This model will have been launched by the end of the year.

4.GDI engines will become more important in the future because of the need to reduce fuel consumption.

5.Electricitywillnoteasilyjumpthegapbetweenthesparkplugelectrodes.

6.The burning will not be progressive if the compression ratio is too high.

Упражнение 3. Работа в парах.

Студент C: Задайте 5 вопросов различных типов к тексту А. Студент D: Ответьте на вопросы к тексту студента C. Студенты C и D: Поменяйтесь ролями.

Текст В

FORD INTRODUCES NEXT-GEN CONNECTIVITYSUITE

CALLED MYFORD

Fordoffersthenextgenerationofitsin-carconnectivity,whichpromises new ways to interact with your vehicle. Ford is branding the new system MyFord

Thebiggest newsconcerns theways in whichdrivers will interact with their interiors using both the basic MyFord system as well as the optional MyFordTouch.BothuseacombinationofLCDscreensandafive-wayswitch consisting of four directional arrows and a center “select” button. MyFord will be standard; it will include a 4.2-inch display in the instrument cluster and another one in the center stack. The optional MyFord Touch will come with three LCD screens, including two 4.2-inch displays in the instrument panel and a single 8-inch screen in the usual position on the center stack. MyFordTouchalsogetsasecondfive-waycontrollerfortheadditionalscreen in the instrument cluster. The left screen in the instrument panel (or only IP

screen in the basic MyFord) shows vehicle settings such as stability control level,automaticheadlampdelay,andparkingassist, as wellastachometeror trip-computer information. The right screen displays audio and telephone information. The large centre touch screen is laid out so that the four main functions(telephone,audio,climate,andnavigation)correspondtoaspecific corner and color.

New Ford family interiors will have touch-sensitive high capacity switches for certain functions. The Lincoln version goes a step further with touch-sensitive slider bars for stereo volume and climate-control fan speed.

Both MyFord and MyFord Touch come with a new navigation system that runs entirely off an SD memory card, which allows the system to be updated more easily than hard-drive-based systems.

Notes:

Ответьте на вопросы к тексту

1.What does Ford offer?

2.What does My Ford include?

3.What does My Ford Touch include?

4.How will the Lincoln version differ from the other cars of the new Ford family?

5.What does the new navigation system feature?

Грамматические упражнения

Упражнение 1. Найдите в тексте инфинитив, определите его функции и переведите на русский язык.

Упражнение2.Найдитевтекстенаречиявсравнительнойстепении переведитеихнарусскийязык.

Лексические упражнения

Упражнение 1. Переведите на русский язык приведённые ниже слова. Если Вы не знаете слово, найдите его в словаре. Выпишите из словаря то значение слова, в котором оно использовано в тексте.

brand(n.),climate(n.),display(n.),entirely(adv.),family(n.),optional(adj.), screen (n.), stack (n.), suite (n.), tachometer (n.).

Какие из перечисленных слов могут быть другими частями речи? Какими именно? Как они в этом случае переводятся на русский язык?

Упражнение 2. Найдите перевод слов списка А в списке В.

Упражнение 3. Напишите предложения с каждым из перечисленных ниже слов:

option n. – optional adj. emit v. – emission n.

Упражнение 4. Составьте план содержания текста B.

Урок 3.12

Фонетическое задание

Прочитайте транскрипцию в списке A, соотнесите её с соответствующим словом из списка B и переведите слово на русский язык. Учтите, что не все слова списка В даны в списке А.

Текст А

CONTINENTALEVOLVESTHE TIRE-PRESSURE SENSOR

Federalregulationshaverequiredcomputerizedtire-pressuremonitoring systemin new cars since the 2007 model year. Most of these are active types thatemployasensormountedtoeachwheel,whichinturncanrelaypressures or warnings via the dashboard.

Continental plans to mount the sensors to the inside of tires instead of the current practice of mounting them to the wheels.

By coupling the sensor to the tire and adding a bit of memory, the tirepressure sensor (TPS) will be able to inform the car of specific information

aboutthetypeoftireinuse.Forexample,itwouldallowthecar’scomputerto adjustthetop-speedgovernortomatchthespeedratingofthetires.Thesystem couldalsokeeptrackofthelocationofeachtireandwhenitwas fitted,thereby fixingrotationintervalsandtrackingtiremileageandexpectedlife.

There’s an accelerometer in every current TPS to detect wheel motion and allow the sensorto switch off, thus extendingthe life of its battery when the car isn’t moving. But when mounted on the inside of the tire tread, this accelerometercanalsomeasurethelengthofthetirecontactpatchbydetecting when the section of tread to which it is attached is in contact with the pavement. By knowing the length of the tire contact patch, it could sense when a tire is heavily loaded and then warn the driver to raise the tire pressure.

This intelligent tire-pressure monitoring could also yield performance benefits.Thecold-tirepressuresareoftensethightoensuretiredurabilityon theoffchancethatanownerinstantlygoesfortopspeedbeforethetireshave warmed up and naturally increased their pressures. The Continental system could limit the car top speed until the tires achieve a safe temperature and pressure, thereby allowing lower cold-tire pressures for better handling.

Another feature of the Continental system is that it assists with setting tire pressures.Thesensor, for example, couldinstructthe cartobeepitshorn whenthecorrectpressureisachieved,therebyeliminatingtheneedforatirepressure gauge.

For all of their benefits, these new tire-pressure sensors are supposed to be less expensive than today’s wheel-mounted units.

Notes:

Ответьте на вопросы к тексту

1.What have Federal Regulations required since the 2007 model year?

2.Where does Continental plan to mount sensors?

3.What does TPS provide?

4.What purpose does the accelerometer serve?

5.Whatperformancebenefitscouldtheintelligenttire-pressuremonitoringyield?

6.What is another feature of the Continental system?

Лексическиеупражнения

Упражнение 1. Переведите на русский язык приведённые ниже слова и словосочетания:

abit(adv.)theoffchance(n.),durability(n.),federal(adj.),gauge(n.),interval (n.), sense (v.).

Какие из перечисленных слов могут быть другими частями речи? Какими именно? Как они в этом случае переводятся на русский язык?

Упражнение2. Переведитенаанглийскийязыкприведённыениже слова и словосочетания:

всвоюочередь;вместо;внутренняячасть;выключать;выявлять,определять; давать эксплуатационные преимущества; давление в шинах; добавлять; дорогой;звуковойсигнал;измерять;мгновенно;модельныйряд2007года; монтировать, устанавливать; передавать; подходить, соответствовать; пока … не; предупреждение;приборнаяпанель; применять, использовать; приспосабливать,корректировать;пробегвмилях;прогревать;продлевать, удлинять; протектор; расчётная величина скорости; регулятор; следить, отслеживать; современный, нынешний; срок службы; сцепление, соединение; таким образом; технические нормы; тяжело нагруженный; управление; устанавливать, монтировать; участок контакта.

Упражнение 3. Дайте синонимы следующих слов:

Грамматические упражнения

Упражнение 1. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на модальные глаголы и их заменители.

1.A sensor can relay pressure or warnings via a dashboard.

2.The tire-pressure sensor will be able to inform the car of specific info about the type of tire in use.