Carcinoma of the Stomach

Carcinoma of the stomach is attributed to the most spread localizations of malignant tumors, occupied a second place after pulmonary carcinoma by rate. The highest sickness rate is registered in Japan. In the USA sickness rate is low. The men are ill more often than women. Maximum number of patients is registered at the age from 40 to 60 years.

Pathogenesis of carcinoma of the stomach is connected with influence of many factors. Influence of food is undoubtful. Deficiency of vitamins A and C, surplus of carbohydrates, overroasted fat promote development of carcinoma of the stomach. High sickness rate in Japan is, probably, stipulated by peculiarities of national nourishment including great quantity of smoked, dried and salted fish, which contains the nitrates and nitrites. They have the properties of carcinogens. Apparently, the genetic factors are important too, as the Japanese migrated to the USA keep higher sickness rate in third and forth generations of emigrants than Europeans.

Ex.13. Translate the text ”Cancer Esophagus” into Russian in a written form using a dictionary.

Cancer Esophagus

Cancer of the tube that connects the throat to the stomach.

Symptoms: Unfortunately, there are no reliable early warning signs. Pain, difficulty in swallowing, often a choking feeling, when drinking liquids and gradual (but severe) weight loss are all later signs.

Cause: Heavy alcohol use and heavy tobacco use are associated with esophageal cancer. For those who use both alcohol and tobacco excessively, the risk for the cancer is even greater.

Severity of problem: Very poor survival rate. Only 4% survive after treatment. Many people live only six months, on the average, after symptoms appear.

Discussion: Besides, those who use alcohol and tobacco excessively, those at greater risk for esophageal cancer include people with cancer of the throat and those who suffer from inflammation and/or scarring of the esophagus

Ex.14. Scan the information. Give the instructions for MAALOX usage.

Maalox Suspension

Instructions for Use (for Patients). MAALOX suspension is creamy fluid resembling milk in appearance, of sweet taste and peppermint odour. Available in pouches of 15 ml. and bottles of 250 ml.

Pharmacological properties. MAALOX is a well-balanced combination of magnesium hydroxide and aluminium hydroxide, which ensures its high neutralizing activity and protective effect. The drug is highly efficacious and palatable. MAALOX does not cause constipation. It is used as an adsorbent, coating remedy and antacid for patients with gastric juice hyperacidity. MAALOX relieves pain in the upper digestive tract for several hours.

Indication. Acute and chronic gastritis; hiatal hernia; gastric and duodenal ulcer; abdominal discomfort following diet errors, drug intake or alcohol, coffee or nicotine abuse.

Contraindications. Severe renal insufficiency. Posology MAALOX is usually taken 1 or 1.5 hours after meals or when pain occur. MAALOX suspension should be taken in a dose of 15 ml (1 spoonful or 1 pouch). Suspension should be homogenized by shaking the bottle or by thoroughlty malaxating the pouch between the fingers. Pouch contents should be squeezed out into a spoon or into the mouth. Children four months to one year old: teaspoonful at a time. Children older than one year: 1 teaspoonful at a time. When necessary, an additional dose of the drag may be taken two hours after the previous intake; however, the drug should not be taken more than six times a day.

Interaction with other drugs. When taken simultaneously, MAALOX may reduce absorption of other medicines. Therefore, as a precaution, it is recommended to take other drugs either two hours before or two hours after MAALOX intake. Inform your doctor of all the cases when MAALOX is taken simultaneously with other drugs.

Side effects. When taken in recommended dose, MAALOX may cause only slight side effects. When taken for longer periods in high doses, MAALOX may cause exhaustion of phosphorus reserves in the body because of the presence of aluminium hydroxide.

Presentation form. Suspension in bottles 250 ml. Suspension in pouches 15 ml, packages of 30 pouches.

Storage. Store in a dry place at a temperature not higher than 25 C. Keep out of the reach of children.

Shelf life. 3 years.

Other presentation forms. MAALOX chewing tablets, packages of 20 or 40 pieces. Terms and conditions of distribution through pharmacies. To be distributed without doctor's prescription.

Produced by Rhone-Poulenc Rorer, France.