Лекция Неотл ЭХОКГ / Emergency Echocardiography

B

D

Bernoulli equation, 150

Diastolic dysfunction

Blood flow Doppler imaging

assessment of, 159

color Doppler, 9–10

flow, tissue Doppler

spectral Doppler, 7–9

imaging, 160

Blunt chest trauma, 139–140

Dimensionless velocity index

(DVI), 170

C

Central blood

E

volume evaluation, 59–61

Echo-guided advanced life support

Cardiac tamponade

(EGALS), 119

echocardiographic findings, 70

Effective regurgitant orifice area

pericardial effusion, 66–67

(EROA), 159

malignant pericardial

EROA. See Effective regurgitant

effusion, 72

orifice area

moderate-large effusion, 68

pleural effusion, 69

F

quantitative assessment, 69

Focused assessment by sonography

pericardiocenthesis

in trauma (FAST)

needle position, 73

assessments, 147

puncture site and needle

diagnostic predictive value, 143

orientation, 72

Focused echo evaluation in

physiology

life support (FEEL), 147

diastolic right ventricular

collapse, 67, 71–72

H

right atrial collapse, 67

Hand-carried ultrasound (HCU)

Cardiomyopathies

imaging

neurogenic stress

devices, 48

cardiomyopathy, 126–127

special features, 47

takotsubo cardiomyopathy, 126

technological development, 44

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation

Hand-held echocardiography,

(CPR), 117, 119

47–49

Color Doppler imaging

Harmonic imaging, 6–7

blood flow Doppler imaging,

Hemodynamic monitoring,

9–10

32, 38

tissue Doppler imaging, 10–11

Hypotension

Commotio cordis, 142

cardiac tamponade

Computed tomography (CT), 102

diagnosis, 64, 66–72

Continuous wave (CW) imaging, 8

echocardiographic

Contrast echocardiography

findings, 70

contrast agents, 12–14

pericardiocenthesis, 72

indication and contraindication,

clinical features, 55–56

14–15

LV systolic dysfunction

left ventricular opacification, 52

acute, 56

right-to-left shunts, 50–52

echocardiographic assessment,

safety profile, 14–15

56–58

CPR. See Cardiopulmonary

M-mode supportive

resuscitation

findings, 57

INDEX 181

LV underfilling

Left ventricular underfilling status

diagnosis, 58–59

evaluation

hypovolemia and filling status

flow-Doppler filling patterns,

assessment, 59–63

60–63

persistent hypotension, 55

pulsed wave Doppler tracings, 65

RV dysfunction, 63–64,

quick algorithm, 63–64

66, 68

tissue-Doppler filling patterns,

Hypovolemia. See also LV

62–64

underfilling status

evaluation

M

LV systolic dysfunction, 56

Magnetic resonance imaging

LV underfilling, 58–63

(MRI), 102

Hypoxemia, 75–76

Mechanical index, 6

Mitral regurgitation (MR),

I

126–127, 161

Immediate echocardiographic triage

with acute myocardial infarction

(IMET), 30, 31, 119

clinical characteristics,

Interior vena cava (IVC), 26, 45, 61,

91–92

110, 118, 151

dynamic MR and LVOT

Interventricular septum (IVS), 20,

obstruction, 99

23, 45, 110, 111

mitral apparatus geometry and

Intraaortic balloon pump (IABP)

distortion, 93–95

role of, 136

papillary muscle rupture, 92–93

scenarios and uses, 133

systolic anterior motion, 95

Intramural hematoma (IMH),

infective endocarditis (IE), 80

105–106

spontaneous chordal rupture,

78–80

L

Myocardial infarction (MI), 124

Left ventricle opacification (LVO),

Myocarditis

12, 58

acute myocarditis vs. acute

Left ventricular assist devices

myocardial infarction,

(LVAD), 137

124–125

Left ventricular end-diastolic

fulminant vs. acute

pressure (LVEDP), 153

myocarditis, 124

Left ventricular ejection fraction

(LVEF)

N

definition and values, 155–156

Nonischemic LV dysfunction

Left ventricular outflow tract

acute medical conditions,

(LVOT)

127–128

acute MR, 95, 99

neurogenic stress

TEE imaging, 41, 42

cardiomyopathy, 126–127

Left ventricular systolic

takotsubo cardiomyopathy, 126

dysfunction

myocarditis

acute, 56

acute myocarditis vs. acute

echocardiographic assessment,

myocardial infarction,

56–58

124–125

M-mode supportive findings, 57

fulminant vs. acute

remodeling, 155

myocarditis, 124

INDEX 183

Trauma

V

abdominal trauma

Valvular regurgitation

FAST examination, 142–143

acute valvular regurgitation

mediastinal periaortic

echocardiographic findings,

hematoma, 142

78–82, 85

blunt chest trauma, 139

mechanism, 77–78

cardiac contusion, 139

prosthetic valve pathology,

commotio cordis, 142

82–85

penetrating chest trauma,

valvular pathologies, 78–82

136–137

quantification

valvular lesions and ventricular

assessments, 159–160

wall laceration, 139–140

caveats, 161

vessels trauma, 140

definition, 159

Tricuspid regurgitation

Valvular stenosis quantification

(TR), 110

assessments, 163

cut-off values, 164

U

Velocity time integral (VTI)

Ultrasound systems, 1–2

stroke volume calculation, 149

Ultrasound-tissue interaction

techniques, 136

reflection and scattering, 4–5

Ventricular septal rupture,

refraction and attenuation, 5

95–96