English_for_Lawyers_2011

GRAMMAR GUIDE

4.Change word-combinations using the possessive forms of the nouns:

Example: The book of my friend. — My friend’s book.

1.The questions of the professor. 2. The parents of Serhiy Petrenko.

3.The new office of lawyers. 4. The life of this woman. 5. The documents of the investigator. 6. The uniform of the policemen. 7. The lawyers of the Appellate Court.

5.Complete the following sentences by choosing a suitable noun with suffix — ship from the list below as in the example:

Example: Some people thought that Britain was becoming a dictatorship under Margaret Thatcher’s iron rule.

1. British … can be gained by birth, adoption, registration or naturalisation. 2. Anita Mason was extremely pleased when Smith and Jones, the owners of the company she had directed for five years, asked her to form a … with them. 3. ‘This country needs a strong … to tell people what to do and get things working again!’ 4. ‘This is an exclusive club. May I see your … card, please, sir?’ 5. Home … is growing in Britain as more and more people are able to buy their own house.

The Article

1. Fill in articles where necessary:

a)1. My mother is… lawyer. She is at…work now. 2. They are…boys. They are…students. 3. This is …beautiful story. 4. This is…house. ...house is so big! 5. …Englishman’s house is his castle. 6. I see…book in your … hand. 7. This is my table. On…table I have…book, two…pencils,…pen and…paper.

b)1. …health is better than…wealth. 2. …men and…women must obey law. 3. …passion is blind. 4. These writers are…Americans. 5. … peace is …universal problem. 6. He is …honest man. 7. …life is … mystery.

c)1. What is…weather like today? 2. …sun is yellow,…sky is blue.

3.…earth is…planet.

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d)1. My younger brother gets up at 6 in …morning because he goes to…school. 2. My friend usually goes to…bed early in…evening. 3. In… afternoon it is usually very warm, and we usually play in …yard till late in...evening.

e)1. I usually have…breakfast at 7 o’clock in…morning. 2. My brother always has…lunch at 1 o’clock in …afternoon. 3. My parents have…dinner at 5 p.m. 6. My granny has …tea at 6 p.m.

2. Complete the sentences with the articles where necessary:

1.… Volga is the longest river of Russia, isn’t it? 2. … Mississippi is an American river, isn’t it? 3. Is … London the capital of … Great Britain?

4.Is … Rome the capital of … Italy? 5. … Berlin is the capital of … Germany, isn’t it? 6. What countries are situated in … Middle East? 7. Is … Nile an … African or an … American river?

3.Translate into English:

Верховний Суд, Оксфордський університет, Сполучені Штати Америки, партія „Наша Україна”, англійська мова, Британська Конституція.

The Adjective. Degrees of Comparison

1. Write the comparative and superlative of the following adjectives:

a) white, great, active, fine, brave, deep, short, round, fair, pale, thin, full; b) hot, fat, bushy, big, easy, dry, dirty, silly, happy;

c) old, far, good, bad, little;

d) reliable, interesting, important, useful, efficient, difficult, applicable, certain, appropriate, ambiguous, relevant, consistent, satisfactory.

2. Compare three suspects: here are some adjectives about their appearance. Write at least ten sentences using the degrees of comparison of adjectives if possible.

Example: Mr. A is taller than Mr. B. Mr. C is the tallest of all/the three. Mr. A is not as (so) tall as Mr. C.

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3. Here are the beginnings and ends of some traditional expressions with as … as. See how many expressions you can put together correctly. Make up sentences with them.

4. Compare four-wheel drive cars: here are some facts from an article about three real cars. Write at least ten sentences.

Example: Car Z is faster than Car X. Car Y is the fastest of all/the three. Car X is not as fast as Car Z.

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5. Translate into English:

1.Цей свідок більш надійний. 2. Це свідчення є найважливішим.

3.Йогознаннякращітабільшпоглиблені. 4. Їхроботанадправовоюдоповіддю найбільш корисна. 5. Її обличчя було бліднішим, ніж завжди.

1.If we set off …than at 5, we’ll never arrive on time. 2. Mark’s the most intelligent, but Alice works …. 3. Seven is late — could you possibly get here any…4. I would sleep … if I didn’t think about Helen. 5. Could you drive …? We’ve got plenty of time. 6. Anne speaks French … of all the girls in her class.

2.Translate into English:

1.Меніпотрібнобільшеінформації, щобвирішитицюпроблему.

2.Формальне право може забороняти те, що є офіційно неприйнятним. 3. Відносно стабільне суспільство можливе лише у правовій державі. 4. Це найбільш відоме тлумачення цієї ідеї. 5. Ці два поняття дуже близько пов’язані.

The Preposition

1. Fill in the gaps with the correct preposition:

This is the Sheriff’s Office in Mexico City. The sheriff is …his desk. Lots of papers and books are …the desk. Some photographs of “wanted” men are …the office …the walls. A clock is …the Sheriff’s head. A bunch of keys is…the cell…the wall. A coat stand is …the Sheriff’s desk.

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2. Translate into English:

на дошці, у вазі, до академії, біля офісу, за столом, на підлозі, на землі, на полиці, у театрі, у бібліотеці, на станції, на стадіоні, у школі, на роботі, на уроці, на заводі, у прокуратурі, до суду, в кіно, у снігу, на підлозі, натраві, напівночі, насхід, очетвертійгодині, насходісонця, опівночі, у неділю, п’ятого березня, цього місяця, минулого року, у майбутньомуроці, навесні, улітку, узимку, увечері, звесни, загодину, через два дні, через дорогу, по вулиці, по місту, по країні.

THE PRONOUN

1. Replace the nouns by the personal pronouns in the Nominative or Objective Case:

Example: Mr. Daymon explains a new law. — He explains a new law.

1.The law report is very interesting. 2. My sister works in court. 3. We usually listen to Miss Stoun with great interest. 4. Put the documents on the shelf. 5. On my way home I often meet my teacher and tell him about my study. 6. The policemen are in danger.

2.Say that people do something themselves, using reflexive pronouns:

Example: I usually prepare my law reports… — I usually prepare my law reports myself.

1.She collects evidence… 2. The chief inspector went to Kiev…

3.The prisoners built the bridge… 4. The doctor examined the victim…

5.This investigator usually types documents… 6. Irene makes an expert examination…

3.Replace the nouns in the Possessive case by possessive pronouns:

1. These lawyer’s aim is to follow special legal procedure. 2. That man’s suitcase is so big. It looks suspicious! 3. The students’ knowledge is poor. 4. The judge’s decision was rather severe. 5. Our professor’s advice is useful. 6. Our friends’ dream is to become prosecutors.

4. Make the sentences plural, pay attention to the form of demonstrative pronouns:

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1. This is the principal constitutional provision. 2. This is my fundamental right. 3. That is a criminal. 4. This is our main suspect. 5. That is a department of the Prosecutor’s Office. 6. Is this an investigator?

Translate the following sentences into Ukrainian and explain the use of some, any:

1.There is some interesting information in the newspaper. 2. Is there any national state which doesn’t have a constitution in the world? 3. Some people don’t like police. 4. Please give me any information on this matter.

5.Do you have any friends in this town? 6. There isn’t any violation of constitutional principles in this action. 7. I don’t think we have any time left. 8. Please tell me any idea you have.

6.Translate the following sentences into English:

1. Умененемаєжодноїдумкищодотого, якіполітичніорганізації відповідальнізацюакцію. 2. Цейвсеохоплюючийдокументвстановлює будь-які норми права, що мають керувати діями уряду. 3. У вас є питання? — Так, декілька. 4. Конституція є сукупністю норм, які регулюють діяльність будь-якої організованої групи. 5. Деякі з цих статей дуже важливі для роботи судді. 6. Чи існує яка-небудь відповідна процедура, щоб урегулювати цей спір?

The Numeral

1. Read and write the cardinal numerals in words:

3; 13; 30; 4; 14; 40; 5; 15; 50; 2; 12; 20; 8; 18; 80; 21;82; 35; 44; 33; 55; 96; 67; 79; 41; 53; 22; 143; 258; 414; 331; 972; 568; 441; 999 230; 1562; 3013; 5612; 9,444; 234673; 569034; 11390; 456190; 556782; 1232585; 35890562; 352789209

2. Make the ordinal numerals and write them in words: Example: 7 — the seventh.

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7; 4; 8; 9; 5; 12; 3; 2; 1; 13; 15; 11; 10; 20; 21; 30; 32; 40; 43; 50; 54; 60; 75; 80; 98;

100; 120; 125; 200; 230; 231; 300; 450; 563; 892.

3. Read and write in words the following dates:

9.03.1814; 22.04.1941; 9.05. 1945; 23.11.1928; 30.11.1982; 1.12.1991; 31.10.1999.

4. Make the calculations in writing and read them out:

5. Read and write in words the following fractions:

Progress Check (the Noun, the Article, the Adjective, the Adverb,

the Pronoun, the Numeral, the Preposition)

1. Translate the following sentences into English:

1.Ця інформація вірна. 2. Ці герої відомі на своїй Батьківщині.

3.Чоловіки частіше стають злочинцями, ніж жінки. 4. Питання слідчогобулидужеважливими. 5. ВонисамієсуддямиАпеляційногосуду.

6.Ті, хто прийшли першими, узнають останні новини.

2.Chose the correct item:

1.We saw … in a courtroom yesterday. a) they b) their c) them

2.He is … criminal in the state.

a) most dangerous b) the dangerousest c) the most dangerous

3. He thinks he will collect the evidence … a) heself b) himself c) hisself

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4.I have … information concerning this case than you. a) fewer b) less c) least

5.The … report was done in time.

a) inspectors b) inspector c) inspector’s

6) This research must be carried out … than before. a) more carefully b) carefully c) carefullier

3. Correct the mistakes:

1. I don’t think we have some time left. 2. Is Nile an African or an American river? 3. This women work in the court. 4. Can there be some national state which doesn’t have a constitution in the world? 5. This is the house. A house is so big!

4. Translate the text:

Чому у людей існують закони та правові системи? З одного боку, закони— цетипправил, якірегулюютьповедінкуміжлюдьми. Цізакони

єувсіхсуспільнихорганізаціях, такихяксім’ячиспортивнийклуб.

Здругого боку, закон — це склад правил та норм, які є в конституціях та законодавчій базі. Вони регулюють суспільство та поведінку його членів. Суди та законодавчі органи створюють закони, а поліція гарантує їх правозастосування (enforcement). Судові органи (body of judges) відіграютьважливурольукожнійкраїні, хочаправові системи відрізняються у різних державах. Однак єдине, що стосується всього світу, це те, що започаткування судового позову (legal action) є дорогим та займає багато часу.

Word order in affirmative sentences.

1. Arrange the words in each sentence in the right order: Example: He/ a/ local/ judge/ court/ in/ a/ is/. — He is a judge in a

local court.

/profession/ They/ are/ in/ legal/. /My/ notary/ private/ a/ mother/ is/.

/cousins/ My/ are/ prosecutor’s/ assistants/.

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/head/ the/ court/ of/ A/ is/ judge/ a/. /action/ violates/ This/ human rights/.

/international/ effect/ came into/ treaty/ in 1953/ That/.

2. Translate these imperative sentences into English and explain the word order.

1. Розкажітьпросебе. 2. Пришлітьменіфакс. 3. Звернітьувагуна це питання 4. Не порушуйте наші права! 5. Будьте відповідальні за своє рішення. 6. Захистіть гідність цих людей.

3. Translate the following sentences into Ukrainian:

1.Peace treaties are documents which are concluded to end the war.

2.A criminal is a person who commits a crime. 3. A burglar is a person who breaks into a house at night in order to steal. 4. An international agreement is a document signed by several countries. 5. An investigator is a person who makes a careful study of a crime. 6. A murderer is a person who is guilty of murder whether a person is guilty or not.

4.Correct the sentences:

1. There throughout the history were some efforts of the mankind to maintain the human rights by international action. 2. We can prove that this murder commited this suspect. 3. You collect the evidence and prove his charge! 4. The special jurisdiction the tribunal has. 5. The criminal accused the prosecutor. 6. The victim examined the doctor.

Negative sentences. Types of questions.

1. Name parts of the sentence and make them interrogative and negative:

1.Some categories of people demand special attention concerning their rights.

2.My father is a lawyer at the Prosecutor’s Office.

3.This constitutional provision protects your personal non-property rights.

4.They are not in legal profession.

5.My brother is an investigator at the Security Service of Ukraine.

6.He is a student at the Prosecutors’ Training Institute.

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2. Make up alternative questions about relatives and their professions, use the following words and word combinations:

Example: Is your brother a notary or a judge?

Lawyer, jurist, prosecutor, judge, criminal, officer, investigator, notary, criminal expert, lawmaker.

3. Answer the following tag questions as in the example:

Example: Her mother is a lawyer, isn’t she? — No, she isn’t, she is an engineer.

1. His father isn’t an expert, is he? 2. They are jurors, aren’t they? 3. Mary is a prosecutor, isn’t she? 4. His brother is an investigator in Kiev, isn’t he? 5. This is the treaty protecting rights of a religious minority, isn’t it? 6. They are the victims of war, aren’t they? 7. They are students at the Prosecutors’ Training Institute, aren’t they?

4. Write down the questions you’d ask the person to find out the missing information about his/ her law report:

Example: I have a task …. — What task do you have?

4.I started working at the report …. When………………?

5.I use … sources of information. What kind of………?

6.I heard about this data from….. Who……………….?

7. I spent … making the law report How much time…?

8. They printed … copies of the law report. How many…………?

5. Translate the following sentences into English:

1. Хто твоя мати? — Вона викладач кримінального права. 2. Чоловіктвоєїсестри— адвокат? — Ні. Вінпрокурор. Девінпрацює? — Він працює у суді. 3. Народ є єдиним джерелом влади в Україні. 4. Україна єнезалежна, демократична іправовадержава. 5. Встановленнятагарантуванняправісвободлюдини— однезнайважливіших положень Конституції. 6. Цивільний кодекс України надає фізичним особам можливість захищати свої особисті немайнові права.

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