1. Определите, является ли утверждение:

Thomas Cook founded the world famous company which has many branches all over the world.

1. истинным

2. ложным

3. в тексте нет информации

2. Определите, является ли утверждение:

The function of tour operators and travel agents is to provide customers with information on habits and ways of all countries.

1. истинным

2. ложным

3. в тексте нет информации

3. Определите, является ли утверждение:

Tour operators are responsible for all points of travel program.

1. истинным

2. ложным

3. в тексте нет информации

4. Определите, является ли утверждение:

Modern resorts are situated mainly in Britain and Belgium.

1. истинным

2. ложным

3. в тексте нет информации

5. Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:

There are many popular health resorts in different European towns now.

1. 1

2. 2

3. 3

4. 4

6. Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:

The work of a travel agency can be compared with that of a retailer who operates like an intermediary between the seller and the customers.

1. 1

2. 2

3. 3

4. 4

7. Ответьте на вопрос:

What are the differences between travel agents and tour operators?

1. Travel agents are paid a commission by the ware seller while tour operators book tours through a travel agent.

2. Travel agents reserve hotel rooms and organize ground transportation while tour operators are responsible for entertainment and tickets.

3. Tour operators arrange trips for groups of travelers while travel agents mainly deal with individuals.

4. Tour operators are companies that sell all the elements of a trip as a package while travel agents sell various services as retailers.

8. Определите основную идею текста.

1. The major kind of travel arranged by such famous companies as Cartan, Four Winds Travel, Tez Tour, Trafalgar Tour and the like.

2. The history of development of travelling business in the world.

3. The main trends and activities of companies organizing different travels.

4. The main functions of travel agents and tour operators.

TEXT 12

What an Economy Is

(1) An economy is the wealth-producing segment of society. Wealth is defined as the total produce of agriculture and manufacturing. Without products there can be no wealth. This means, of course, that money is not wealth. Money is a means of exchange and may be called the economic equivalent of wealth.

(2) Economies exist because all human beings have needs and desires. All human physical needs are the same: food, clothing, and shelter. Desires, on the other hand, are virtually infinite. No one actually needs a television set, automobile, stereo set, or microwave oven. But such commodities have become so common in modern industrialized societies that few people would do without them. The needs of society are satisfied by the production of goods – society’s wealth. The desires are satisfied in the same way.

(3) Wealth – all products taken together – is produced by labor. This type of labor can therefore be called productive labor. Much of society’s labor does not create wealth. It is thus called nonproductive labor. To say that it is nonproductive is not to say something negative about it. Most forms of nonproductive labor are necessary in civilized societies. The labor of those who work in government, education, religion, athletics, some of the arts, and the military does not produce products. Therefore it does not create wealth to add to the prosperity of a nation. But these services are needed because no society is entirely economic in its nature, though most modern societies are basically economic units or collections of such units.

(4) The products that are wealth serve to create money. Without products there would be no need for money. If every family grew its own food, built its own housing, and made its own clothing, it would have no need for money – unless, of course, it had desires that it could not satisfy within the household. Money emerges as a product substitute, a means by which unlike products can be exchanged for each other. It is much easier to use money to buy a pair of shoes than to trade a cow for 20 pairs of shoes that are not needed. Money facilitates the movement of goods. It becomes a standard that people in a society use in exchange for what they need and want. It also helps keep production going. The person who produces shoes and sells them obtains money to buy more leather and to make more shoes.

(Britannica Student Encyclopedia Library)