V. To do

Глагол to do представляет некоторую трудность при переводе, когда он выполняет следующие грамматические функции:

1. функцию эмоционально-усилительную: 1) глагол to do подчеркивает факт совершения действия или усиливает значение действия, выраженного глаголом-сказуемым в утвердительной форме Past или Present Indefinite. На русский язык передается словами действительно, все-таки, же, ведь и т. п.; 2) подчеркивает побуждение к действию или просьбу (в повелительном наклонении).

In fact his words did show that he was reluctant to get involved. На самом же деле его слова действительно показали, что он не хочет участвовать в этом (иметь с этим дело).

2. функцию слова-заместителя, во избежание повторения ранее упомяну­того глагола или целого предложения. В зависимости от сочетаемости слов в русском языке переводится соответствующим глаголом, предложением или не переводится вообще. В сочетании со словом so чаще всего перево­дится сделать это (так).

Did the Foreign Secretary know that such an arrangement existed? His replies in Parliament yesterday clearly implied that he did. Знал ли министр иностран­ных дел, что существует такая договоренность? Из его ответов в парламенте вчера можно было ясно понять, что он знал.

Переведите следующие предложения.

1. What the report prepared by a body of the most conservative character does show is that newspaper economics, and particularly the enormous and growing reliance on advertising revenue, puts the whole industry into crisis.

2. The defenders of the present United Nations system point out that the agen­cies do in fact work together successfully on a number of projects.

3. What does represent a growing danger for the effectiveness of this organiza­tion is the reluctance of some of its members to render assistance in case of financial difficulties.

4. The Foreign Secretary did not show any willingness to discuss this ques­tion, but he did refer to the responsibility of both governments as co-chairmen of the 1954 Geneva conference.

5. What our politicians do not talk about — the abuses of the Federal Reserve Board, the practices of the lobbyists, the strange actions of many in the Executive Branch — frequently can be more significant to knowing persons than things the Representatives do say,

6. Yet for large and small nations their record in the General Assembly does provide a yardstick with which to measure the application of their publicly announced foreign policy principles.

7. All the same the state of the economy and the general trend of national politics do have some influence on the voters.

8. Perhaps they may even engender a little shame among Cabinet Ministers at the hold-up in road building. If they do, the conference will be voted a great success.

9. Mafia crime syndicates are gaining control of many legitimate businesses and now pose a greater threat to the United States than did the gangsters of the Al Capone era in the 1930s, an American sociologist warns today.

10. F.A.O. pointed out that Governments of the underdeveloped countries are unable to assure adequate food supplies — and will be unable to do so in the foreseeable future.

11. It is bound to be a delicate operation, trenching as it does upon sensitive areas of a nation's cultural heritage and on its spiritual inadequacies.