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Файл:Ординатура / Хирургия / Библиотека им академика М.И. Перельмана / Книга_5991_Библиотеки_им_академика_М_И_Перельмана
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44
Metals in Medicine, Volume 1
out its intended tasks in relation to a therapeutic intervention, to elicit the
system to reject it.”
Since a biomaterial is intended to be used near living tissues, it must have
5
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rial establishment-host tissue interaction.
5
5
In addition to biocompatibility , mechanical qualities are incorporated into the
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Metallic Biomaterials for Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Applications
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at break, elongation at break, elastic modulus, resistance to corrosion and
involving hard tissues.
5
material design. For instance, in the early 1900s, people used bone plates
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to be considered a biomaterial
¾ Be biocompatible, that is, nontoxic, noncarcinogenic, nonallergenic,
etc.
¾ Possess necessary or appropriate physical and chemical
characteristics
¾ Possess the necessary mechanical properties
¾ Hours to years, depending on the application, steady durability
¾
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Metals in Medicine, Volume 1
¾ Polymers
¾ Ceramics
¾ Metals
it. Although both metals and ceramics are inorganic substances, there are
intended place substitution.
5
joints.
1
5
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6
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7
linked to material qualities, basic research, and Clinical studies have
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2.4.2.1 SURGICAL STAINLESS STEEL
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ology, more study is required.
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4
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4
surgical implants have been used extensively . Over 100,000 sur gical implant
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Metals in Medicine, Volume 1
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polymers.
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to enhance the mechanical qualities.
11
Bioactive substances or pharmaceuticals are entrapped inside an insoluble
drug delivery.
drugs is polymeric material.
12
Better drug integration, precise drug targeting,
controlled drug release, improved stability, maximum distribution, and
13
2.4.5.1 NATURAL POLYMERS
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algae Laminaria hyperborean, Laminaria digitate, Laminaria japonica,
Ascophyllum nodosum, and Macrocystis pyrifera.
dermal extracellular matrix (ECM). Chitin and chitosan derivatives are poly-
meric polymers used as excipients, medication carriers, oral mucoadhesives,
3
2.4.5.2 SYNTHETIC POLYMERS
Research into biodegradable synthetic polymer-resistant adhesives is
TABLE 2.2
S.
No.
Polymer Application
1.
Knee, hip, shoulder, joints, dental bridges
2.
Silicone rubber Finger joints
3.
polyethylene terephthalate, Collagen
4.
5.
6.
7.
Cartilage replacement
8.
Polydimethyl siloxane, polyurethane,
polyvinyl chloride
Facial prostheses
9.
Polymethyl methacrylate Bone cement (2)
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Metals in Medicine, Volume 1
the biochemical and biomechanical requirements in emerging technologies
such as tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, gene therapy, novel drug
delivery systems, and implantable devices.
14
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ylic acids, or by using a catalyst that can be concentrated and segregated in
chemistry.”
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solubility in organic solvents and a high tensile modulus. Due to its great
crystallinity , it exhibits exceptional mechanical qualities. Compared to other
biodegradable polymeric systems used in medicine, polyglycolide is very
rigid.
3
subsections.
2.4.5.3 POLYESTERS
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tion rates.
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2.4.5.4 POLYANHYDRIDES
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anhydrides have proven biocompatibility and excellent controlled release
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drug delivery devices have been made.
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2.4.5.5 POLYCARBONATES
polycarbonate. Under physiological circumstances, aliphatic polycarbon-
ates, such as poly(trimethylene carbonate), deteriorate. Aliphatic polycar-
mechanical properties.
14
2.4.5.6 POLYESTERAMIDES
Polyester amides are amphiphilic and biodegradable due to the presence
14
2.4.5.7 CERAMICS
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Metals in Medicine, Volume 1
using ceramic materials in orthopedics and dentistry . Industry has advanced.
such as calcium phosphates.
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2.4.5.8 BIOACTIVE GLASS
their inventor Larry Hench.
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genic behavior. Mounting data suggests that BGs and related glass ceramics
17
2.4.5.9 COMPOSITES BIOMATERIAL
homogeneous material. As a result, alloys such as brass are not considered
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biocompatible. Additionally, the body environment should not damage the
composites:
¾
¾ -
¾
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Metallic Biomaterials for Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Applications
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terials and their advantages and disadvantages.
Types of
biomaterials
Advantages Disadvantages Applications
Ceramics
and electrical
conductivity, excellent
biocompatibility, and
high inertness.
Poor resistance to impacts,
reproducibility.
Dental components, coatings,
structural bone replacement,
and tissue regeneration are
related to bones.
Polymers
movement.
Implants, tissue replacement,
eye lenses, sutures, and
synthetic tendons.
Metals
mechanical resistance,
In a physiological
resistance to corrosion are
present, and mechanical
prostheses.
Biocomposites High biocompatibility,
resistance to corrosion,
and inertness.
heart valves, and implants.
5
including as drug delivery, organ regeneration, and tissue engineering.
2.4.6.1 DENTAL APPLICATION
3
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