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Файл:Ординатура / Хирургия / Библиотека им академика М.И. Перельмана / Книга_5991_Библиотеки_им_академика_М_И_Перельмана
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Metals in Medicine, Volume 1
medicines to treat various illness conditions, namely, mercury, gold, silver,
-
in Ayurvedic texts, particularly Rasashastra.
1
-
2
Platinum (Pt) and palladium (Pd)-based
-
-
3
For instance, platinum nanoparticles
(PtNPs) and Pt nanoparticles (PdNPs) have several advantages over large
metal molecules in applications, such as the capacity to create materials
4
including stainless steel, cobalt–chromium alloys, amalgam, titanium-based
alloys, etc. As a result, PtNPs and PdNPs are investigated by the medical
diagnostic purposes.
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155
illnesses.
5–7
-
4
Many PtNPs and PdNPs have also been discovered to have therapeutic
advantages, such as antioxidant, antibacterial, and anticancer activity,
5–7
-
medication delivery, hyperthermia, antibacterial agents, and bioimaging
and biosensing, among others. Furthermore, PtNPs and PdNPs both display
8
synthesis. We also discussed their biological applications, toxicological
s
or mechanochemical methods. Here, the processes involved in this approach
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Metals in Medicine, Volume 1
the synthesis process. Several physical methods such as laser ablation,
photolithography, electroexplosion, sputtering, electrolithography, motor-
and biogenic synthesis. Currently , various physical, chemical, and biological
Source
methods. Physical processes such as melt mixing, ball milling, sputter depo-
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157
NPs in solvents.
10
11,12
as in the solvents.
13–18
method.
19
the ICG method as the method involves sophisticated instrumentation and
20
reduced polydispersity . It can also be done at room temperature and pressure
NPs synthesis methods are the sol–gel technique, pyrolysis, microemul-
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Metals in Medicine, Volume 1
21,22
Sodium borohydride,
23,24
trisodium citrate,
25,26
27,28
and potassium
bitartrate.
29
Other chemical methods, such as solvothermal,
30,31
emulsion
process,
32,33
chemical vapor accumulation,
34,35
sonochemical,
36,37
electro-
chemical deposition process
38
photochemical process,
39,40
coprecipitation,
41
chemicals or gases are the major disadvantages that encourage investigators
Biological-mediated synthesis has gained remarkable attention over the past
methods. Several biomaterials including plant part extracts, microorgan-
controlled through peptide selection.
42
43
One
protein expression in Escherichia coli
Among the various biomaterials, synthesis using plant extracts is the most
44,45
Sapium sebiferum,
46
Gymnema sylvestre,
47
Glycine max (Soybean), Filicium decipiens,
48
Diopyros kaki,
49
Bacopa monnieri,
50
Combretum
erythrophyllum,
51
Tragia involucrate,
52
and other plant species have been
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159
Peganum harmala L.,
53
Phyllanthus emblica,
54
Annona squamosa,
55
Nigella
sativa L., and Coea arabica
56
57–59
Fe
3
O
4
2
, Au NPs, etc.
60,61
Microbial synthesis is another biological synthesis method employed
ions.
62
such as Acinetobacter, Acetobacter, Desulfovibrio, Escherichia, Plectonema,
Calothrix, Pseudomonas, Shewanella, Streptomyces, Vibrio, Sporosarcina,
Kocuria
16
Similarly , extracellular synthesis PdNPs
Shewanella loihica,
63
Shewanella oneidensis,
64
Geobacter sulfurreducens,
65
Bacillus thuringiensis,
66
Citrobacter,
67
Chlorella vulgaris,
68
Agaricus
bisporus,
69
Desulfovibriode sulfuricans, and Bacillus benzeovorans are also
70
reduction by bacterial cell membrane proteins, cytochrome, and cytoplasmic
9
s AND
PDNPs
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Metals in Medicine, Volume 1
extensively.
71
-
-
sition.
72
73
them have a considerable impact on their structural properties and composi-
shapes, including spheres, tetrahedrons, cubes, octahedrons, decahedrons,
dodecahedrons, truncated octahedrons, cuboctahedrons, and icosahedrons,
are displayed by PtNPs and PdNPs.
74
75
76
Pd also
77
Both metals
Additionally, nanoalloy displays peculiar physicochemical characteristics
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161
tune its physicochemical properties.
solar cells, photocatalysis, imaging, and light emission and detection.
78
By
generate.
79
For instance, 25 nm diameter spherical gold NPs appear green,
80
Also, it is
81
Optical properties
-
can be used in various optical devices and computing applications. Y Chen in
2022, used Bacillus megaterium
66
82
semiconductor material.
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Metals in Medicine, Volume 1
s AND PDNPs
-
-
lular structures, entire cell, and their activity at the molecular and cellular
levels during various biological and pathological processes in a real-time.
83
Bioimaging is central to medical treatment since it provides a noninvasive
-
vasive means. Presently, various bioimaging techniques are used in medical
hyperspectral imaging, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), ultrasounds,
same core premise: the body or body part to be diagnosed is passed through
-
-
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properties. For instance, in the early 20th century, patients receiving X-rays
84
thermal properties.
85
In addition, it possesses several physiochemical quali-
86
At present, several
by numerous researchers using various methods.
cytotoxicity than conventional probes.
87
For instance, Chen in 2015 synthe-
88
give strong green luminescence in solution and can be employed in bioim-
aging.
89
Pt complex penetrated cell membranes in both normal and cancerous cells
than normal cells and can be used in bioimaging to study cancerous cell.
treatment.
90
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