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Metals in Medicine, Volume 1: Metals for Tissue Engineering and Pharmaceutical Applications.
Sonali Sundram, Rishabha Malviya, and GSN Koteswara Rao
© 2025 Apple Academic Press, Inc. Co-published with CRC Press (Taylor & Francis)
Metallic Foams for Biomedical
Application
DEVDHAR YADAV
1
, GSN KOTESWARA RAO
2
, ROJA RANI BUDHA
3
,
and NARESH BABU REKHA
4
1
Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences,
Galgotias University, Greater Noida, India
2
Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology
Management, SVKM’s NMIMS, Vile Parle, Mumbai, India
3
H.K. College of Pharmacy, Oshiwara, Jogeshwari (W, Mumbai, India
4
Nirmala College of Pharmacy, Atmakur, Mangalagiri, Guntur, India
ABSTRACT
-
-
be nontoxic, nonallergenic, and not have any cancer-causing components).
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Metals in Medicine, Volume 1
Lastly, the material should have good mechanical and physical character-
-
-
-
structural properties, thermal and mechanical characteristics. Cellular mate-
1
occurring cellular materials can be seen in Figure 4.1 In response to the
have a cellular construction that is created by injecting air into melted metal,
physiological, mechanical, thermodynamic, electrical, and acoustic material
characteristics like high heat conductivity, and gas permeability.
2
management.
3
4,5
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Metallic Foams for Biomedical Application
87
qualities, nevertheless because the pores are separated, it is not possible
applications that need load-bearing and structural support.
6
Due to their
have important medicinal uses.
7
Naturally occurring cellular material.
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88
Metals in Medicine, Volume 1
compatible.
8
the sports sector due to their great energy absorption capability.
9,–11
complete hip replacement.
section.
introduced to the body, the tissues there either entirely reject it or tolerate it.
nickel, aluminum, and vanishingly rare vanadium. Materials like titanium
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Metallic Foams for Biomedical Application
89
Used metal should not cause any adverse reactions in muscle, bone, or
12
Metallic
13
have mechanical qualities (strength, hardness, elastic modulus, toughness,
order to be able to select the suitable material. Cortical bone has an elasticity
-
14
15
In the
the bone to deteriorate over time.
16
-
17
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90
Metals in Medicine, Volume 1
S.
no.
Metals Composition Mechanical characteristics
Yield
strength
(Mpa)
Ultimate tensile
strength (Mpa)
Young’s
modulus
(GPa)
Max
elongation
(%)
1
Stainless steel
Iron, 16–18.5 Chromium, 10–14 Nickel, 2–3 Molybdenum,
190 490 193 40
2 CoCrWNi
and
CoNiCrMo
and
Cobalt, 33–37 nickel, 19–21 chromium,
9–10.5 molybdenum
310
241
860
793
210
232
20
50
3 Pure titanium
grade 4 (F67)
and
6
Al
4
0.4 oxygen
and
carbon, 0.2 oxygen
485
795
550
860
110
116
15
10
4 Pure iron WE43
magnesium alloy
99.8 Iron
and
150
150
210
250
200
44
40
4
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Metallic Foams for Biomedical Application
91
18
19
( )
ñ2 /VI
π
=
1
S1 S3 S1+S2 S2+S3
can be annoying to the host. As a result, titanium implants have replaced
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Metals in Medicine, Volume 1
20
A porous
-
21
Further, large pore diameters have a detrimental
22
23
-
corrosion in cl
-
3
3
), its density is
3
.
24
6
Al
4
a titanium–nickel alloy, has the shape-memory characteristic that makes it
In dentistry, expensive metals and alloys, such as gold, silver, and plat-
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Metallic Foams for Biomedical Application
93
resistance to corrosion because it is protected by a thin oxide layer that acts
pore distribution are both essential characteristics. Because the open pore
25
-
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