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184
Metals in Medicine, Volume 1
119.            
       
ACS Sensors 2017, 2 (3), 443–448.
120.  
Healthcare. Nat. Electron. 2022, 5 (3), 142–156.
121. 
        
    
(1), 213–219.
122. 
        
Nanosc. Adv. 2019, 1 (12), 4560–4577.
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        
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124.             
     
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125.      

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
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Am. J. Biomed. Sci.
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Biomed. Eng. Adv. 2022, , 100029.
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BioMed Res. Int. 2016, 2016.
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Heliyon 2020, 6 (9), e04691.
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       
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https://t.me/med1917
Metals in Medicine, Volume 1: Metals for Tissue Engineering and Pharmaceutical Applications.
Sonali Sundram, Rishabha Malviya, and GSN Koteswara Rao
© 2025 Apple Academic Press, Inc. Co-published with CRC Press (Taylor & Francis)



and
Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology
Management, SVKM’s NMIMS, Vile Parle, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
CHAPTER 8
ABSTRACT
       

         
       




       

drug-delivery systems (DDSs) to carry out a requested therapeutic response.
       
         

        

      
    
     

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Metals in Medicine, Volume 1


responsive smart MOFs and their applications are suggested.



disease condition.
1



current problems in nanomedicine.
2
Nanomaterials, such as biochemicals,
       
    
      
   
10

m
3

      


4
        
delivery, such as biomaterials, medical imaging, diagnostics, and therapy.
5


diseases, majorly in cancer.
6,7
Overall, many nanomedicine preparations are
currently in clinical trials, covering major diseases, such as neurological,
  
8,9
Nanomedi-


conditions, chronic pain, multiple sclerosis, asthma, and emphysema.
10
  

       

11,12
s
       

https://t.me/med1917

189
and metal atoms attached to them via coordinate bonds. Due to its adjust-
         


13–15
   
delivery and have gained prominence in recent years. When MOF materials

diagnostic imaging, chemotherapy , photothermal or photodynamic therapy .
16
Liposomes, micelles, dendrimers, microbubbles, and solid lipid nanopar-
ticles have been explored as nanoparticle-based drug-delivery methods.
17
Applications in Drug Delivery
       -
         
      
    
18
    
       
   
  

drug release.
19,20

 -
uronic acid, and antibodies), and delivery due to the increased permeability
and retention phenomena (e.g., temperature, pH, photoirradiation, and
      
endocytosis, and sometimes independent endocytosis.
21,22
-
     

23

        

the loaded drug molecules, subsequently reducing its therapeutic outcome.
24
On the contrary, endocytosis mediated by caveolin results in the develop-
      
25
Nanoparticles that have
      
 
26
       
is premature drug release. Recent studies have demonstrated that several

      
could be used to address this issue.
27,28

     
https://t.me/med1917
190
Metals in Medicine, Volume 1

29


examples.
30,31


    
          
         
-
        
supercapacitors.
32,33

-
ucts such as doxorubicin, topotecan, and camptothecin have been integrated
into MOFs.
19,34


20
For photodynamic treatment, MOFs
       

        
biological operations.
35




36




     
       

in these contexts.
37
   

38




         


https://t.me/med1917

191

    


some action or external input.
39, 40


drug-delivery types (Fig. 8.1)
41,42
:
1. Physical stimuli such as thermal, ultrasound, osmotic pressure

2. Chemical stimuli such as pH changes, ionic capacity, and presence

        
macromolecules.
 Drug-delivery types.
https://t.me/med1917
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

It is possible to apply stimuli-responsive drug-delivery techniques by using an

        





      
            

properties under particular external physical stimuli applied to the tumor.
43–45

21st century , the current cancer treatment used in clinics has both severe side
      
46
       
         

cancer therapy approaches.
47
Particularly , various DDSs activated by stimuli
        


48
Internally Regulated systems
         



the delivery system is brought on by a change in the biocomposition at the

 
altered externally.
49
Enzyme Responsive Systems

metalloproteinases (MMPs), urokinase plasminogen activators (uPAs), and
https://t.me/med1917

193
        

   
50
      
     
evidence that they are overexpressed in many malignancies. In line to induce


peptide.
51
       
     
stimulated vectors.
52

peptide CGLDD.
53


     
         -


54
Since
     
 
in line to initiate the delivery.
52

  

the protease-cleavable peptide CGLDD.
53
Externally Regulated system

        
        
         

be accurately regulated.
55
Here it is discussed that existing research carried
         
stimuli-responsive DDS is nontoxic to cells, escaping the disadvantage drug


56,57
In contrast
to the conventional DDS, smart stimuli-responsive DDS can be developed
thanks to nanomaterial chemistry.
Stimuli-responsive DDS guarantees on-demand medication delivery to the
intended target cancer cells in either a spatial or temporal manner. Inorganic

https://t.me/med1917