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Textbook of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
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Textbook of
Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
Prof. Chandrakant Kokate MPharm, PhD, FGAES (Germany)
Vice-Chancellor
KLE University, Belgaum, Karnataka
Former Vice-Chancellor, Kakatiya University, Warangal, AP
Former President, Pharmacy Council of India
Prof. Sunil S. Jalalpure MPharm, PhD
Professor
Department of Pharmacognosy
College of Pharmacy, KLE University
Belgaum, Karnataka
Dr Pramod J. Hurakadle MPharm, PhD
Associate Professor and Head
Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
College of Pharmacy, KLE University
Belgaum, Karnataka
A division of Reed Elsevier India Private Limited
Textbook of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
Kokate, Jalalpure and Hurakadle
ELSEVIER
A division of Reed Elsevier India Private Limited
Mosby, Saunders, Churchill Livingstone, Butterworth Heinemann and
Hanley & Belfus are the Health Science imprints of Elsevier.
© 2011 Elsevier
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any
means—electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval
system—without permission in writing from the publisher.
ISBN: 978-81-312-2828-9
Notice
Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new research and experience broaden our
knowledge, changes in practice, treatment and drug therapy may become necessary or appropriate. Readers are
advised to check the most current information provided (1) on procedures featured or (2) by the manufacturer
of each product to be administered, to verify the recommended dose or formula, the method and the duration of
administration, and the contraindications. It is the responsibility of the practitioners, relying on their own experience
and knowledge of the patient, to take diagnoses, determine dosages and the best treatment for each individual
patient, and take all appropriate safety precautions. To the fullest extent of the law, neither the Publisher nor the
Authors assume any liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property arising out of or related to any use
of the material contained in this book.
The Publisher
Published by Elsevier, a division of Reed Elsevier India Private Limited.
Registered Office: 622, Indraprakash Building, 21 Barakhamba Road, New Delhi–110 001.
Corporate Office: 14th Floor, Building No. 10B, DLF Cyber City, Phase II, Gurgaon-122 002, Haryana, India.
Publishing Manager: Ritu Sharma
Development Editor: Subodh K. Chauhan
Copy Editor: Saroj Sahu
Manager Publishing Operations: Sunil Kumar
Production Executive: Arvind Booni
Cover Designer: Raman Kumar
Typeset by Chitra Computers, New Delhi.
Printed and bound at Rajkamal Electric Press, Kundli, Haryana, India.
Preface
Last two decades have witnessed rapid change in our understanding of biotechnology. The substantial
scientific work that has been accomplished in recent years in this branch of biosciences has revolutionized
the entire concept of biotechnology related to pharmacy. The basic and applied biotechnology has
facilitated the emergence of novel drug moieties of biological origin that are capable of combating a
wide spectrum of human ailments. The ultimate biomedical objective of biotechnology is to contribute
a rational relationship between biochemical moieties and spectrum of therapeutic effects they generate.
Keeping in view the past, present and future projections of pharmaceutical biotechnology, it is our
sincere attempt to provide comprehensive text of the subject covering different facets of biotechnology
for the benefit of the students of different disciplines of biosciences. The chapters on medicinal plant
biotechnology, genetics and molecular biotechnology, recombinant DNA technology, hybridoma
technology and monoclonal antibodies, antibiotics, applications of pharmaceutical biotechnology,
immobilization of enzymes, nanobiotechnology, recent advances in biopharmaceuticals, and list of
pharma–biotech industries in India and their products are important added features of this book.
We hope that the students of degree and postgraduate courses of pharmacy, biotechnology and other
branches of biosciences shall be benefited by our efforts. We have enriched the text by using diagrams,
figures and tables, with greater emphasis on simple and understandable language.
– Kokate, C.K.
– Jalalpure, S.S.
– Hurakadle, P.J.
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About the Authors
Prof. Chandrakant Kokate
Prof. Chandrakant Kokate is currently the Vice-Chancellor of KLE University, Belgaum, Karnataka.
He completed his BPharm in first class from Nagpur University in 1967, obtained his MPharm degree
in first class and with gold medal from University of Saugar in 1969. He was awarded his PhD in 1972
and postdoctoral research fellowship in Germany (1977–78). He continued his research as a visiting
scientist in Germany (1986).
He was the President of Pharmacy Council of India (constituted under the Act of Parliament –
Pharmacy Act, 1948) for a decade, simultaneously also officiating President of the Council. He was also
the President of Indian Pharmaceutical Association (2000–02). He was the Chairman of All India Board
for Pharmacy Education of All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE) and also served in the
Executive Committee of AICTE.
Prof. Kokate has the honour of being the first pharmacist in the country to be appointed as the Vice-
Chancellor of Indian Universities—the Kakatiya University, Acharya Nagarjuna University (additional
charge) and currently at KLE University. He has served as the Chairman of the Southern Regional
Committee of AICTE and Chairman of the Recruitment Board of Regional Selection Committee for
Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO). He is serving as the Chairman of National
Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC)/University Grants Commission (UGC) peer teams.
He is the recipient of several awards/recognitions at the national/international and provincial levels
in the profession of pharmacy. These include Eminent Pharmacist Award of Indian Pharmaceutical
Association (IPA); Lifetime Achievement Award of Association of Pharmaceutical Teachers of
India (APTI); Prof. M.L. Schroff Memorial Award of Indian Hospital Pharmacists Association
(IHPA); Acharya P.C. Ray Memorial Award; National Herbal Academy Award; Indira Priyadarshini
National Award; Dr K.M. Parikh Memorial Award; Best Teacher Award of Govt. of Andhra Pradesh;
Distinguished Alumnus and Lifetime Achievement Award of University of Saugar; Shikshak Bhushan
Award of Goa; Sivananda Eminent Citizen Distinguished Service Award, Andhra Pradesh; Fellowship
of German Academic Exchange service (DAAD), Indian Pharmaceutical Association, Indian Society
for Technical Education (ISTE), National Herbal Academy, Andhra Pradesh Akademi of Sciences,
and many others. He was the Leader of Indian Delegation of Pharmacists to 18th Federation of Asian
Pharmaceutical Association (FAPA) at Sydney, Australia, and International Pharmaceutical Federation
(FIP) Conference at Bangkok. He has successfully supervised 17 students for PhD and 40 students
for master’s programme in pharmacy. He has authored 6 books and published 115 research papers
in national and international journals. He has also served as an expert on the panels of Union Public
Service Commission (UPSC), UGC, AICTE, Pharmacy Council of India, Department of Biotechnology
(DBT), Department of Science and Technology (DST), Council for Scientific and Industrial Research
(CSIR), Indian Drug Manufacturers’ Association (IDMA), Indian Council for Agriculture Research
About the Authors
viii
(ICAR), Indian Society for Technical Education (ISTE), Indian Council for Medical Research (ICMR)
and Public Service Commission (PSC) of states.
Prof. Sunil S. Jalalpure
Prof. Sunil S. Jalalpure is Professor, Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, KLE
University, Belgaum. He completed his BPharm from Karnataka University, Dharwad, and obtained his
MPharm and PhD degrees from Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka. He
has undergone research training at Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa, on Sophisticated
Analytical Instruments.
He received travel grant from AICTE under Young Scientist Category to present research paper in
World Congress on Medicinal Plants at Cape Town, South Africa. He has received financial support
from various funding agencies like UGC, AICTE, DST and ICMR for research projects. He is member
of several pharmacy professional societies and has chaired several scientific sessions at national and
International conferences. He has worked as organising secretary for several national and International
conventions. He has been invited to visit Australia, Thailand, Malaysia and South Africa to attend and
present research papers at conferences.
His areas of research interests include isolation/characterization of active principles from medicinal
plants and their pharmacological screening for various biological activities, and training the research
students in Pharmacognosy, Phytochemistry and Biotechnological aspects with modern tools and
techniques.
Prof. Jalalpure has published over 46 scientific papers in national and international journals and
presented 67 papers at national and international conferences. He has 2 intellectual property rights to
his credit. He has successfully guided 34 MPharm and 1 PhD students towards successful completion
of their courses.
Dr Pramod J. Hurakadle
Dr Pramod J. Hurakadle is currently Associate Professor and Head, Department of Pharmaceutical
Biotechnology, College of Pharmacy, KLE University, Belgaum. He completed his BPharm degree from
Kuvempu University, Shimoga, and obtained his MPharm degree with distinction from Rajiv Gandhi
University of Health Sciences, Bangalore. He was awarded his PhD in Pharmacy from Rajiv Gandhi
University of Health Sciences, Bangalore, under AICTE-sponsored quality improvement programme.
He also received a Diploma in Clinical Research from Catalyst Clinical Services Ltd, New Delhi.
He has been awarded Batch of the Best Award from Zydus-Indon Cadila Health Care Ltd,
Ahmedabad. He is also a member for various professional bodies, e.g. APTI, ISP, KSPC, etc., and is
working as General Secretary, IPA, Belgaum branch. He has also worked as joint secretary to several
national and international workshops/conferences, sponsored by ICMR, AICTE, UGC, IPA, etc.
His areas of research interest include herbal formulations/excipients, biosurfactants and screening
of herbal extracts for various pharmacological activities. Since recently he is working jointly with
Regional Medical Research Centre, ICMR, Belgaum, on tissue culture studies of medicinal plants from
Western Ghats region.
Dr Hurakadle is guiding 5 students for PhD and has supervised 12 students for master’s programme
in pharmacy. He has published several research papers in national and international journals and has
presented at national and international conferences. He has also been invited as speaker for international
conferences at Malaysia and South Africa.