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Social
Pharmacy
Course Code: ER20-15T
for First Year Diploma in Pharmacy
As per the latest syllabus prescribed by Pharmacy Council of India
CBS Publishers & Distributors Pvt Ltd
New Delhi • Bengaluru • Chennai • Kochi • Kolkata • Lucknow • Mumbai
Hyderabad • Jharkhand • Nagpur • Patna • Pune • Uttarakhand
NK Jain PhD
Ex Professor
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences
Dr Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya
Sagar, MP, India
Shelly Khurana PhD
Lecturer
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences
Govt Institute of Pharmaceutical Science
Govt Polytechnic College
Amritsar, Punjab, India
Puneet Khurana MBBS MD
Professor
Department of Forensic Medicine
Punjab Institute of Medical Sciences
Jalandhar, Punjab, India
Social
Pharmacy
Course Code: ER20-15T
for First Year Diploma in Pharmacy
As per the latest syllabus prescribed by Pharmacy Council of India
Disaimer
978-93-546-6818-0
4
Branches
th
nd
st
Representatives
The pharmacist’s role is expanding beyond the traditional
product-oriented functions of dispensing, compounding, and
distributing medicines and health supplies. The pharmacist’s
services of today include more patient-oriented, administrative,
and public health functions. Community pharmacy, public
health, and social aspects of pharmacy practice are gaining
greater importance. Realizing the increasing role of DPharm
students in public health programs and appreciating the social
aspect of the pharmaceutical profession, the Pharmacy Council
of India (PCI) revised its curriculum for DPharm and notified
the Pharmacy Regulation, 2020. The PCI has prescribed the
subject ‘Social Pharmacy’ for students of Diploma in Pharmacy
(Course Code: ER20-15T) in place of ‘Community Pharmacy
and Health Education’ prescribed in the earlier education
regulations. The ‘Social pharmacy’ course is designed to impart
basic knowledge on public health, epidemiology, preventive
care, and other social health-related concepts and to emphasize
the roles of pharmacists in public health programs.
We have already published the book Social and Preventive
Pharmacy for BPharm students, which is quite popular amongst
students as well as teachers. The book, Community Pharmacy
and Health Education for DPharm, by Prof NK Jain has been a
popular text for over two decades.
The current book Social Pharmacy has been written as per
the PCI syllabus for the students of Diploma in Pharmacy.
Simple and easy language is the outstanding feature of the
book, which is well illustrated with figures, and tables and
presents the most up-to-date information as per the prescribed
modules.
We will appreciate the feedback and suggestions from the
students and teachers for further improvement of the book.
NK Jain
Shelly Khurana
Puneet Khurana
Preface
Preface v
PCI Syllabus ix
Chapter 1: Introduction to Social Pharmacy 1
Chapter 2: Preventive Healthcare 50
Chapter 3: Nutrition and Health 111
Chapter 4: Introduction to Microbiology 166
Chapter 5: Introduction to Health Systems and Ongoing
Health Programs 238
Chapter 6: Pharmacoeconomics 310
Index 325
Contents
SOCIAL PHARMACY—THEORY
Course Code: ER20-15T 75 Hours: 3 Hours/week
Chapter 1: Introduction to Social Pharmacy
Definition and Scope. Social Pharmacy as a discipline and
its scope in improving public health. Role of Pharmacists in
Public Health. (2)
Concept of Health WHO Definition, various dimensions,
determinants, and health indicators. (3)
National Health Policy—Indian perspective. (1)
Public and Private Health System in India, National Health
Mission. (2)
Introduction to Millennium Development Goals, Sustain-
able Development Goals, FIP Development Goals. (1)
Chapter 2: Preventive Healthcare—Role of Pharmacists
Demography and Family Planning. (3)
Mother and child health, importance of breastfeeding, ill
effects of infant milk substitutes and bottle feeding. (2)
Vaccines, types ofimmunity, and immunization. (4)
Environment and Health Water pollution, importance of
safe drinking water, waterborne diseases, air pollution, noise
pollution, sewage and solid waste disposal, occupational
illnesses, Environmental pollution due to pharmaceuticals. (7)
Psychosocial Pharmacy: Drugs of misuse and abuse—
psychotropics, narcotics, alcohol, tobacco products. Social
Impact of these habits on social health and productivity and
suicidal behaviors. (2)
Chapter 3: Nutrition and Health
Basics of nutrition: Macronutrients and Micronutrients. (3)
Importance of water and fibers in diet. (1)
PCI Syllabus
x Social Pharmacy
A balanced diet, Malnutrition, nutrition deficiency diseases,
ill effects of junk foods, calorific and nutritive values of various
foods, fortification of food. (3)
Introduction to food safety, adulteration of foods, effects
of artificial ripening, use of pesticides, genetically modified
foods. (1)
Dietary supplements, nutraceuticals, food supplements–
indications, benefits, Drug-Food Interactions. (2)
Chapter 4: Introduction to Microbiology and Common
Microorganisms. (3)
Epidemiology: Introduction to epidemiology, and its
applications. Understanding of terms such as epidemic,
pandemic, endemic, mode of transmission, outbreak,
quarantine, isolation, incubation period, contact tracing,
morbidity, mortality. (2)
Communicable diseases: Causative agents, epidemiology
and clinical presentations and Role of Pharmacists in educating
the public in the prevention of the following:
Respiratory infections: Chickenpox, measles, rubella,
mumps, influenza (including Avian-Flu, H1N1, SARS, MERS,
COVID-19), diphtheria, whooping cough, meningococcal
meningitis, acute respiratory infections, tuberculosis, Ebola (7)
Intestinal infections: Poliomyelitis, viral hepatitis, cholera,
acute diarrheal diseases, typhoid, amebiasis, worm infestations,
and food poisoning (7)
Arthropod-borne infections: Dengue, malaria, filariasis,
and, chikungunya (4)
Surface infections: trachoma, tetanus, leprosy (2)
STDs: HIV/AIDS (3)
Chapter 5: Introduction to Health Systems and all Ongoing
National Health Programs in India, their Objectives,
Functioning, Outcome, and the Role of Pharmacists
Chapter 6: Pharmacoeconomics
Introduction, basic terminologies, importance of
Pharmacoeconomics
Providing quality medicines at affordable prices is the most
important social obligation of pharmacists, the pharmaceutical
industry as well as governments in every democratic country.
Medicines have an enormous impact on the health of users.
Overuse and misuse of medicines can be dangerous for the
health of the population. So a clear understanding of the impact
of medicines on the health of users is very much required. This
establishes the role of pharmaceuticals and the pharmaceutical
industry in modern life.
Social pharmacy has contributed much to the knowledge of
the needs of patients and society and helps in getting the most
effective, safest, and cheapest drugs.
DEFINITION OF SOCIAL PHARMACY
Social pharmacy is a multidisciplinary field, which deals with
social aspects of the pharmacy practice. It focuses on the
provision, regulation, and utilization of medicines by both
consumers and healthcare professionals. Within social
pharmacy, the drug sector is studied from the social, scientific
and humanistic perspectives. It consists of all the social factors
that influence medicine use, such as medicine and health-
related beliefs, attitudes, rules, relationships, and processes.
Social pharmacy is founded on the principles of social science
and organizational theory. Key components in social pharmacy
are marketing, distribution, communication, compliance (the
extent to which patients follow instructions as agreed),
economics, monitoring (control and supervision), and the
1
Introduction to
Social Pharmacy
2 Social Pharmacy
individualization of drug use. The knowledge gained in social
pharmacy is essential to bridge the clinical and fundamental
knowledge taught to the pharmacists, as illustrated in Fig. 1.1.
The aim is to make a competent pharmacist who is capable of
integrating his knowledge and social/communication skills to
improve patient behavior, treatment outcomes, and disease
management. There is a correlation between whether the
patients take their medicines and their beliefs about their health,
medications, socio-demographic factors, and health literacy.
An understanding of social sciences can help us to understand
these relationships and to develop more appropriate responses
to enhancing medicines-related outcomes. Furthermore, an
understanding of social sciences is also helping us to
understand how healthcare is delivered and the impact that
this has on other health outcomes.
Fig. 1.1: Interface of social pharmacy within fundamental, clinical,
and social sciences
Scope of Social Pharmacy
From Fig. 1.1 it can be said that the scope of social pharmacy is
broad. It is linked to the health system. It focuses on the
application of pharmacy practice to the society. The main
scope of social pharmacy includes the following:
1. It focuses on the proper use of medicine in patients and
community to improve the overall health of a community.
2. It enables the pharmacy profession to take responsibility
for drug matters at a societal level.