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Advances in Pharmaceutical Technology for Drug Delivery Systems (PTDDS), Volume 2
-
linking (Koosha et al., 2021).

3.3.3 COAXIAL ELECTROSPINNING

An initial burst release may be occurred in simple blending and emulsion



overcome this burst release, postprocessing treatments such as cross-linking
        

as reduced biocompatibility (Han et al., 2020). Coaxial electrospinning is

       



      
         

          

         

in vitro drug release


period (Gong et al., 2019).

3.3.4 SURFACE MODIFICATIONS



         



Electrospun Technology for Drug Delivery and Biomedical Applications
79
        
-

-
     
  
          
       

        -
       

through chemical bonding can decrease the initial burst release and maintain
     



3.4 ELECTROSPUN NANOFIBERS FOR TISSUE ENGINEERING


 
        


-



be electrospun that can be reabsorbed by the human body. Altogether, these




3.4.1 ELECTROSPUN NANOFIBERS FOR HARD TISSUE ENGINEERING



     
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Advances in Pharmaceutical Technology for Drug Delivery Systems (PTDDS), Volume 2


      

       
        
      
al., 2021). Natural bone has unique mechanical qualities due to its unique


-


-



pore patterns and striving to emulate the three-dimensional (3D) electrospin-


  


 

     





        
     
-

-
 


Electrospun Technology for Drug Delivery and Biomedical Applications
81

et al., 2007). For instance, numerous scientists have developed electrospun

         
         
-
 
techniques such as electrospraying and coaxial electrospinning (Xie et al.,


  -

structures (Chahal et al., 2019).
3.4.2 ELECTROSPUN NANOFIBROUS SCAFFOLDS FOR SOFT TISSUE
HEALING

tooth, and cartilage. Hence, skin, musculoskeletal, adipose, cardiovascular,
vasculature, neural, lung, liver, kidney, gastrointestinal, and ocular tissues

         
       

main problem is that they can be easily absorbed and rapidly lost in the

al., 2014). In addition, donor-site allogeneic response and morbidity limit

approach, tissue engineering has been employed to develop potent substi-

      

angiogenesis, avoiding scarring, and consequently restoring the pristine

       

         
changing the electrospinning parameters and the collection process, various
   
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Advances in Pharmaceutical Technology for Drug Delivery Systems (PTDDS), Volume 2



-

          
        
     





provide topographical cues and tropism by modulating the gradient structure
     

   
      

nerves and central nerves), heart, blood vessels, gastrointestinal, and cornea
-

        
      


-



-
       


3.5 CANCER DIAGNOSIS AND THERAPY

    -
     
         
Electrospun Technology for Drug Delivery and Biomedical Applications
83
TABLE 3.1 
Composition Tissues Cell type Outcomes Ref
Hard tissue engineering
 Bone BMSCs  (Liu et al., 2022)
PVP, ethylcellulose, Au NPs Bone hBMSCs 

osteogenic genes and promoted bone regeneration.
(Huang et al., 2021)
 Bone hASCs Improved cell adhesion and osteogenic gene expression. (Ahmad et al.,
2018)

inductive peptide H1
Bone hiPS-MSCs 

(Xu et al., 2019)

sodium alginate
Periosteum 
osteoblast cells
Facilitated osteoblast attachment and upregulated the early expression




Dentin hDPCs 

(Anselmi et al.,
2022)
Nano-hydroxyapatite into
PCL
Dentin hDPCs  (Mendes Soares et
al., 2022)
Soft tissue engineering
 Cartilage hASCs  
PLA into lignin Cartilage BMSCs 

(Liang et al., 2022)
 
bone
MSC 


2017)

oxide nanoparticles and CPP

tendon
Human tenocytes Improved the tendon ECM restoration and prevented bacterial
adhesion.
(Bianchi et al.,
2023)
GO-PLGA 
tendon
BMSC 
generation, and improved collagen arrangement and biomechanical
properties.
(Su et al., 2019)
84
Advances in Pharmaceutical Technology for Drug Delivery Systems (PTDDS), Volume 2
Composition Tissues Cell type Outcomes Ref
GelMA Skin Human dermal

HUVECs
-

(Sun et al., 2017)

polystyrene and poly (4-VP)
Skin   (Venault et al.,
2020)
 Skin RBC and L929 

collagen deposition, and angiogenesis.
(He et al., 2020)
 Skin hMSCs
 (Ahmad et al.,
2018)
 Nerve PC12 cells and DRG
cells
Induced neurite alignment and extension. (Wang et al., 2019)


Neurite PC12 cells 
visible-light stimulation.

 Neurite Neural progenitor cell



(Chen et al., 2019)
 Neurite 
cells
Induced pro-angiogenic characteristics. Promoted morphological and

(Qian et al., 2018)
Keratin associated PCL Vascular  -
plastin time.
(Li et al., 2016)
 Vascular HUVECs Supported endothelial cell viability and adhesion. 
 Cardiac  
deteriorated ventricular remodeling restrained by nanopatch.
(Chen et al., 2018)
TABLE 3.1 (Continued)
Electrospun Technology for Drug Delivery and Biomedical Applications
85
Composition Tissues Cell type Outcomes Ref



Cardiac Rat cardiac cells 
muscle.
(Fleischer et al.,
2017)
 Liver Primary human
hepatocytes
Enhanced primary human hepatocyte synthetic activity. 


PES
Liver Human endometrial
stem cells



2017)
 Kidney 
human conditionally

-

(Jansen et al., 2019)
 Esophagus Primary human


ultimate tensile strength as the native esophagus.
(Wu et al., 2018)
Polyurethane Esophagus hAMSCs  (Park et al., 2021)
PLGA Skeletal
muscle
Murine myoblast cells
(C2C12)


(Narayanan et al.,
2020)


Skeletal
muscle
Rat muscle precursor
cells


(Patel et al., 2020)
Abbreviations     
   
         

-



TABLE 3.1
(Continued)
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Advances in Pharmaceutical Technology for Drug Delivery Systems (PTDDS), Volume 2
FIGURE 3.3          

          
            

Source


        

-



    
      
Electrospun Technology for Drug Delivery and Biomedical Applications
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    

 


an implant into the postoperative tumor cavity, to prevent tumor recur-

Cavo et al., 2020). It has also been mentioned that these matrices have
demonstrated promising potential as transdermal drug delivery systems to

   
      

-
-

     
      
         
        

responsive behavior enhance the drug delivery capability in the response



cancers malignant tumors. Based on this, biosensors are regarded to have a
-

       



         -

      
      
 
as a proper substrate to capture and detect cancer biomarkers and circulating
