Добавил:
ivanov666
Опубликованный материал нарушает ваши авторские права? Сообщите нам.
Вуз:
Предмет:
Файл:Экономика инновационной деятельности предприятия = Economics of innovative activity of enterprise. Учебное пособие
.pdf
7KHUHIRUH, WKH FOXVWHU DSSURDFK LV RQH RI WKH PRVW HIIHFWLYH WRROV IRU WKH
GHYHORSPHQW RI LQQRYDWLRQV DQG XSJUDGLQJ RI FRPSHWLWLYHQHVV RI LQGLYLGXDO
FRPSDQLHVJURXSVRIFRPSDQLHVDQGWKHQDWLRQDOHFRQRP\DVDZKROH3URJUHVVLQ
LQQRYDWLRQ DFWLYLWLHV LQ WKH OHDGLQJ ZRUOG HFRQRPLHV VXFK DV WKH 8QLWHG 6WDWHV
(XURSHDQ 8QLRQ DQG 3HRSOH¶V 5HSXEOLF RI &KLQD LV ODUJHO\ GHWHUPLQHG E\ WKH
VXFFHVVIXOLPSOHPHQWDWLRQRIWKHFOXVWHUSROLF\
,Q WKH 5XVVLDQ )HGHUDWLRQ LQQRYDWLRQDFWLYLW\ IDFHV PDQ\ REVWDFOHV VXFK DV
VKRUWDJHRITXDOLILHGSHUVRQQHOWKHXQGHUGHYHORSPHQWRIHQJLQHHULQJDQGWUDQVSRUW
LQIUDVWUXFWXUH WKH KHDY\ WD[ ORDG RQ LQQRYDWLYH EXVLQHVV KLJK DGPLQLVWUDWLYH
EDUULHUVHWF,WLVH[SHFWHGWKDWWKHLPSOHPHQWDWLRQRIFOXVWHUSROLF\LQWKH5XVVLDQ
)HGHUDWLRQ ZLOO EH DEOH WR KHOS RYHUFRPH EDUULHUV WR LQQRYDWLRQ 0XOWLODWHUDO
VXSSRUW WR LQQRYDWLYH FOXVWHUV ZKLFKIXQFWLRQ PDLQO\ LQVSHFLDO HFRQRPLF ]RQHV
DQG VFLHQFH FLWLHV DQG LQWHQVLYHO\ XVH UHVRXUFHV RI ORFDO UHVHDUFK FHQWHUV DQG
XQLYHUVLWLHVLVWKHFXUUHQWWUHQGLQWKH5XVVLDQ)HGHUDWLRQ
Questions for discussion:
'HILQLWLRQRIFOXVWHU
0DLQFKDUDFWHULVWLFVRIFOXVWHUV
&ODVVLILFDWLRQRIFOXVWHUV
6SHFLILFVRIFOXVWHUSROLF\LQWKH8QLWHG6WDWHV
6SHFLILFVRIFOXVWHUSROLF\LQWKH(XURSHDQ8QLRQ
6SHFLILFVRIFOXVWHUSROLF\LQ&KLQD
0DLQREMHFWLYHVRIFOXVWHUSROLF\LQ5XVVLD
([DPSOHVRIWD[EHQHILWVIRUFOXVWHUVLQWKH6SHFLDO(FRQRPLF=RQHV
([DPSOHVRIFXVWRPVEHQHILWVIRUFOXVWHUVLQWKH6SHFLDO(FRQRPLF
=RQHV
([DPSOHVRILQQRYDWLRQFOXVWHUVLQ5XVVLD
81

&KDSWHU,QWHOOHFWXDOSURSHUW\
SURWHFWLRQHYDOXDWLRQDQGFRPPHUFLDOL]DWLRQ
7KHFRQFHSWRILQWHOOHFWXDOSURSHUW\
(QWHUSULVHVIRUWKHLU EXVLQHVVRSHUDWLRQV XVHYDULRXVDVVHWV LQFOXGLQJ WKRVH
FUHDWHG LQ UHVXOW RI LQWHOOHFWXDO DFWLYLW\ 5,$ 7KLV intellectual property (IP) LV
HVSHFLDOO\LPSRUWDQWIRULQQRYDWLYHHQWHUSULVHV7KHVHDVVHWVDUHPDLQO\intangible
assetsZKLFK H[LVWLQWKHIRUPRILQYHQWLRQVDQGXWLOLW\PRGHOV LQGXVWULDOGHVLJQV
DQGNQRZKRZFRPSXWHUSURJUDPVHWF
Intellectual property,3LV D FROOHFWLYHWHUPWKDW PHDQV ULJKWVRYHUUHVXOWV
RI LQWHOOHFWXDO FUHDWLYH DFWLYLW\ RI WKH SHUVRQ LQ DQ\ ILHOG VFLHQWLILF LQGXVWULDO
OLWHUDU\DUWLVWLFHWF DVZHOODV ULJKWVRYHU PHDQVRILQGLYLGXDOL]DWLRQRI DOHJDO
HQWLW\JRRGVZRUNVRUVHUYLFHV&ODVVLILFDWLRQRILQWHOOHFWXDOSURSHUW\REMHFWVLV
JLYHQLQWKH7DEOH
7DEOH
&ODVVLILFDWLRQRILQWHOOHFWXDOSURSHUW\
,QWHOOHFWXDOSURSHUW\REMHFWV,32
,32LQVFLHQWLILFWHFKQLFDODQGLQGXVWULDOVSKHUH
,QGXVWULDOSURSHUW\
,QYHQWLRQV
8WLOLW\PRGHOV
'HVLJQV
7UDGHPDUNV
6HOHFWLRQ
DFKLHYHPHQWV
7KHULJKWWRVWRS
XQIDLUFRPSHWLWLRQ
ϲϯ
7KHULJKWWRVWRSXQIDLUFRPSHWLWLRQLVLQFOXGHGLQWRWKHFDWHJRU\RILQGXVWULDOSURSHUW\EHFDXVH
XQIDLUFRPSHWLWLRQRIWHQYLRODWHVLQGXVWULDOSURSHUW\ULJKWV
6HFUHWVNQRZKRZ
ϲϯ
2EMHFWV RI
FRS\ULJKW
x &RPSXWHUSURJUDPV
x 7RSRORJLHVRI
LQWHJUDWHG
PLFURFLUFXLWV
x 6FLHQWLILF
SXEOLFDWLRQV
82
,32 LQ KXPDQLWDULDQ
VSKHUH
2EMHFWVRI
FRS\ULJKW
x /LWHUDU\ZRUNV
x 0XVLFDOZRUNV
x :RUNVRIDUW

7KH FRQFHSW RI ,3 ZDV LQWURGXFHG LQ E\ WKH &RQYHQWLRQ ZKLFK KDV
HVWDEOLVKHGWKH:RUOG,QWHOOHFWXDO3URSHUW\2UJDQL]DWLRQ:,32:,32KDVVWDWHG
WKDW WKH REMHFWV RI LQWHOOHFWXDO SURSHUW\ ULJKWV LQFOXGH LQYHQWLRQV LQ DOO ILHOGV RI
KXPDQHQGHDYRUVFLHQWLILFGLVFRYHULHVVFLHQWLILFZRUNVLQYHQWLRQVLQDOOILHOGVRI
KXPDQDFWLYLW\ LQGXVWULDO GHVLJQV WUDGH VHFUHWVNQRZKRZ WUDGHPDUNVVHUYLFH
PDUNV DQG WUDGH QDPHV DQG FRPPHUFLDO GHVLJQDWLRQV WKH VXSSUHVVLRQ RI XQIDLU
FRPSHWLWLRQDQG VRPH RWKHUREMHFWV
UHVSHFWLYHQDWLRQDOOHJLVODWLRQ
ϲϰ
7KLV OLVW FDQDOVR EH FRPSOHPHQWHGE\WKH
ϲϱ
,QWHOOHFWXDO SURSHUW\ ULJKWV LQ WKH :72 PHPEHUV DUH UHJXODWHG E\ WKH
$JUHHPHQW RQ 7UDGH5HODWHG $VSHFWV RI ,QWHOOHFWXDO 3URSHUW\ 5LJKWV 75,36
$JUHHPHQW DQ LQWHUQDWLRQDO DJUHHPHQW WKDW VHWV PLQLPXP VWDQGDUGV IRU WKH
UHFRJQLWLRQ DQG SURWHFWLRQ RI WKH PDLQ REMHFWV RI LQWHOOHFWXDO SURSHUW\ 7KH
DJUHHPHQWZDV VLJQHGGXULQJWKH 8UXJXD\5RXQG RI *$77LQ 7KH75,36
$JUHHPHQWDOORZVXVLQJHIILFLHQWPHFKDQLVPVRIGLVSXWHUHVROXWLRQDYDLODEOHLQWKH
:72
,QWHOOHFWXDOSURSHUW\,3DVDQDVVHWRIDQHQWHUSULVHLVYHU\VSHFLILF±XQOLNH
RWKHU DVVHWV ,3 DVVHWV GR QRW GLVDSSHDU DQG GR QRW ZHDU DQG WHDU GXULQJ WKH
SURGXFWLRQSURFHVVDVRWKHUIDFWRUVRISURGXFWLRQEXWWKH\PD\EHFRPHREVROHWH
3RVVHVVLRQ PDQDJHPHQW DQG XVH RI LQWHOOHFWXDO SURSHUW\ LQ HFRQRPLF
DFWLYLW\DUHUHJXODWHGE\VHYHUDOEUDQFKHVRIODZ7KHSDWHQWODZ&RS\ULJKWV
7KH OHJDO UHJLPH RI VHFUHF\ NQRZKRZ 7KH ULJKW WR WKH PHDQV RI
LQGLYLGXDOL]DWLRQ
(DFK RI WKHVH OHJDO UHJLPHV GHILQHV WKH GRFXPHQW WKDW FRQILUPV WKH
SRVVHVVLRQRIUHVSHFWLYHULJKWVWKHFULWHULDRISDWHQWDELOLW\DQGWKHWHUPRIYDOLGLW\
ϲϰ
&XUUHQWO\WKLVOLVWLVH[SDQGHGLQDFFRUGDQFHZLWKWKH$JUHHPHQWRQ7UDGH5HODWHG$VSHFWVRI
,QWHOOHFWXDO 3URSHUW\ 5LJKWV RI WKH :RUOG 7UDGH 2UJDQL]DWLRQ 75,36$JUHHPHQWWKHQHZ
HOHPHQWVWRSRORJLHVRILQWHJUDWHGFLUFXLWVDQGSURWHFWLRQRIFORVHGLQIRUPDWLRQ´ZHUHDGGHG
ϲϱ
,Q5XVVLDWKHUXOHVRI,3SURWHFWLRQDUHVHWIRUWKLQWKH3DUW,9RIWKH&LYLO&RGHRIWKH5XVVLDQ
)HGHUDWLRQ5LJKWVWRWKHUHVXOWVRILQWHOOHFWXDODFWLYLW\DQGPHDQVRILQGLYLGXDOL]DWLRQDGRSWHG
LQ'HFHPEHU
83

RI WKH GRFXPHQW 7DEOH SURYLGHV LQIRUPDWLRQ RQ WKH OHJDO SURWHFWLRQ RI ,3
\
I
U
I
V
V
REMHFWVXQGHUWKH&LYLO&RGHRIWKH5XVVLDQ)HGHUDWLRQ
7DEOH
,QIRUPDWLRQRQWKHOHJDOSURWHFWLRQRILQWHOOHFWXDOSURSHUW\ULJKWVXQGHU
WKH&LYLO&RGHRIWKH5XVVLDQ)HGHUDWLRQ
,QWHOOHFWXDO SURSHUW
REMHFWV
7KHLQYHQWLRQϲϳ
&RQILUPDWLRQ R
(OLJLELOLW\
3DWHQW IRU WKH
LQYHQWLRQ
$XWLOLW\PRGHOϲϴ
3DWHQW IRU XWLOLW\
PRGHO
6DPSOH RI
3DWHQW 1RYHOW\ RULJLQDOLW\
LQGXVWULDOGHVLJQ
6HOHFWLRQ
DFKLHYHPHQWV
7KHVHFUHW
NQRZKRZ
3DWHQW IRU VHOHFWLRQ
DFKLHYHPHQWV
'RFXPHQWV WKDW
2UJDQL]DWLRQ NHHSV
WKH UHJLPH RI
VHFUHF\ RI
LQIRUPDWLRQ
7RSRJUDSKLHV RI
LQWHJUDWHGFLUFXLWV
7KH H[LVWHQFH RI D
PDWHULDO IRUP SURRI
RI YROXQWDU\
UHJLVWUDWLRQ
7KH ZRUNV RI
VFLHQFH OLWHUDWXUH
DQGDUW
7KH H[LVWHQFH RI D
PDWHULDO IRUP SURRI
RI YROXQWDU\
UHJLVWUDWLRQ
&RPSXWH
6DPH 6DPH 3URSHUW\ ULJKWV LQ WKH OLIH R
3URJUDPV
'DWDEDVHV 6DPH 6DPH 3URSHUW\ULJKWVRYHUWKHOLIH
ϲϲ
6RXUFH%RYLQ $$ &KHUHGQLNRYD /( -DNLPRYLFK9$. Managing innovations in
the organization03XEOLVKLQJKRXVH2PHJD/>5XVVLDQ@
ϲϳ
7KHLQYHQWLRQ±LVDQHZDQGVLJQLILFDQWO\GLIIHUHQWWHFKQLFDOVROXWLRQ LQ DQ\ LQGXVWU\ WKDW D
SRVLWLYHHIIHFW
ϲϴ
$XWLOLW\PRGHOLVDQHZVROXWLRQWRDWHFKQLFDOSUREOHPUHODWLQJWRWKHGHYLFH
&ULWHULDIRUHOLJLELOLW\ 'XUDWLRQ RI WKH
1RYHOW\LQYHQWLYH
OHYHOLQGXVWULDO
DSSOLFDELOLW\
1RYHOW\ LQGXVWULDO
DSSOLFDELOLW\
LQGXVWULDO
DSSOLFDELOLW\
1RYHOW\
GLVWLQFWQHVV
XQLIRUPLW\VWDELOLW\
7KH SUHVHQFH RI
FRPPHUFLDO YDOXH
WKH ODFN RI IUHH
DFFHVV WR
LQIRUPDWLRQ UHJLPH
RIVHFUHF\
&UHDWLYH FKDUDFWHU
RULJLQDOLW\
&UHDWLYH FKDUDFWHU
RULJLQDOLW\
84
GRFXPHQW
\HDUV
\HDUV
\HDUV
\HDUV \HDUV IRU WKH
JUDSHV ZRRG\ RUQDPHQWDO
IUXLWDQGIRUHVWWUHHV
7KHWHUPVHWE\WKHRUGHU
RUWKHFRQILGHQWLDOLW\
DJUHHPHQW
3URSHUW\ULJKWVIRU\HDUV
1RQSURSHUW\ ULJKWV DUH
SHUSHWXDO
3URSHUW\ULJKWV RYHU WKH OLIH
RIWKHDXWKRUWKHQ\HDUV
PRUH 1RQSURSHUW\ ULJKWV
DUHSHUSHWXDO
WKH DXWKRU WKHQ \HDU
PRUH 1RQSURSHUW\ ULJKW
DUHSHUSHWXDO
RIWKHDXWKRUWKHQ\HDUV
PRUH 1RQSURSHUW\ ULJKWV

DUHSHUSHWXDO7KHH[FOXVLYH
G
I
I
H
U
ULJKW RI GDWDEDVH DULVHV
IURPWKHPRPHQWRILWV
FRPSOHWLRQ DQG LV YDOLG IRU
\HDUV
7KH LQWHJUDWHG
FLUFXLWWRSRORJ\
6DPH 6DPH 3URSHUW\ULJKWVIRU\HDUV
1RQSURSHUW\ ULJKWV DUH
SHUSHWXDO
7UDGHPDUNV DQ
VHUYLFHPDUNVϲϵ
&HUWLILFDWH 'LVWLQFWLYHQHVVRI
WKHPHDQVRI
\HDUV
LQGLYLGXDOL]DWLRQRI
JRRGVDQGVHUYLFHV
UHQGHUHG
&RPPHUFLDO
GHVLJQDWLRQV
$Q DSSHOODWLRQ
RIRULJLQ
$UH QRW VXEMHFW WR
PDQGDWRU\ LQFOXVLRQ
LQWKH8QLILHG6WDWH
'LVWLQFWLYHQHVV R
PHDQV R
LGHQWLILFDWLRQ
5HJLVWHU RI /HJDO
(QWLWLHV
&HUWLILFDWH 'LVWLQFWLYHQHVV
PHDQV RI
([FOXVLYHULJKWRIHQWHUSULVH
WR FRPPHUFLDO GHVLJQDWLRQ
LV WHUPLQDWHG LI WKH RZQHU
GRHVQRWXVHLWFRQWLQXRXVO\
WKURXJKWKH\HDU
\HDUV
LQGLYLGXDOL]DWLRQ RI
JRRGV
%UDQGQDPHVϳϬ
LQFOXGHG LQ WK
8QLILHG6WDWH5HJLVWH
RI/HJDO(QWLWLHV
'LVWLQFWLYHQHVVRI
PHDQVRI
LQGLYLGXDOL]DWLRQRI
OHJDOHQWLWLHV
$UH YDOLG IURP WKH GDWH RI
WKH VWDWH UHJLVWUDWLRQ RI
OHJDOHQWLWLHVXQWLOH[FOXVLRQ
RIWKHEUDQGQDPHIURP WKH
OLVWRIUHJLVWUDWLRQ
/HJDOSURWHFWLRQRILQWHOOHFWXDOSURSHUW\ULJKWV
3DUWRILQWHOOHFWXDOSURSHUW\ULJKWV LV JRYHUQHG E\WKH FRS\ULJKWWKHVHFRQG
SDUW LV XQGHU WKH SURWHFWLRQ RI WKH H[FOXVLYH SURSHUW\ ULJKWV DQG WKH WKLUG LV
JRYHUQHG E\ WKH UHJLPH RIVHFUHF\ ,QWHOOHFWXDO SURSHUW\LV SURWHFWHG E\ SDWHQWV
UHJLVWUDWLRQFHUWLILFDWHVGRFXPHQWVRIWKHUHJLPHRIVHFUHF\RILQIRUPDWLRQ
Copyright WKH DXWKRU¶V ULJKWV WR WKH LQWHOOHFWXDO SURSHUW\ LQFOXGH VXFK
ULJKWVDVWKHULJKWRIDXWKRUVKLSWKHULJKW WRDQDPHWKHULJKWWRSXEOLVKWKHULJKW
ϲϵ
7UDGHPDUNVDQGVHUYLFHPDUNV±LVDGHVLJQDWLRQWKDWFDQGLVWLQJXLVKWKHJRRGVDQGVHUYLFHVRI
RQHSURGXFHURIVLPLODUJRRGVDQGVHUYLFHVIURPRWKHUPDQXIDFWXUHUV
ϳϬ
%UDQGQDPHUHIHUVWRWKHQDPHRIWKHOHJDOHQWLW\WKDWDOORZVLQGLYLGXDOL]LQJVSHFLILFFRPSDQ\
LQHFRQRPLFOLIH
85

WR LQWHJULW\ RI WKH ZRUN 7KLV LV WKH LQDOLHQDEOH ULJKW RI WKH DXWKRU Copyright
SURWHFWVZRUNVRIDUWDQGVFLHQWLILFSDSHUV
Exclusive property rightspatent law and the means of individualization
UHJXODWHWKHFRPPHUFLDO XVHRI ,3([FOXVLYHULJKWLV WKH ULJKWRIWKHRZQHU RI ,3
REMHFWWR XVH LWDV ZHOO DVWR DOORZ RUIRUELG WR GRLW WR VRPHRQHHOVH ([FOXVLYH
ULJKWLVDOLHQDEOHDQGLWVRZQHUFDQEHDQ\SK\VLFDORUOHJDOSHUVRQZKRE\ODZRU
FRQWUDFWSRVVHVVHVWKLVULJKW
7KHUHDUH FHUWDLQFRPPRQIHDWXUHVRISURSHUW\ULJKWVZKLFKUHIHUWRYDULRXV
W\SHVRI,3
5LJKWV DUH RI OLPLWHG YDOLGLW\ DQG WHUULWRU\
5LJKWVDUHDEVROXWHLHWKH\GRQRWKDYHDQ\FRQGLWLRQVRUUHVWULFWLRQV
RWKHUWKDQWKRVHVWDWHGLQWKHOHJLVODWLRQ
5LJKWVDUHH[FOXVLYHLQUHODWLRQWRDOORWKHUV
,3 FDQ EH IUHHO\ XVHG IRU QRQFRPPHUFLDO SXUSRVHV IRU H[DPSOH IRU
UHVHDUFKIRULQGLYLGXDOQHHGVLQHPHUJHQF\VLWXDWLRQV
5LJKWV WR XVH WKH ,3 REMHFW FDQ EH WUDQVIHUUHG WR RWKHU SHUVRQ WKURXJK D
VSHFLDO DJUHHPHQW IRU H[DPSOH D license agreement 7KH RQO\ H[FHSWLRQ LV WKH
QDPHRIWKHSODFHRIRULJLQWKHULJKWVWRZKLFKDUHQRWWUDQVIHUUHG
%\ DJUHHPHQW WKH H[FOXVLYH ULJKW PD\ EHORQJ WR RQH RU VHYHUDO SHUVRQV
MRLQWO\(DFKRIWKHPFDQXVHWKH,3REMHFWLQLWVVROHGLVFUHWLRQDQGLQFRPHIURP
WKH MRLQW XVH RI WKLV ,3 VKDOO EH GLVWULEXWHG HTXDOO\ DPRQJ WKHP XQOHVV WKH
DJUHHPHQWSURYLGHVRWKHUZLVH
,I,3ILQDQFLQJ ZDV GRQHIURP PXOWLSOHVRXUFHVLQFOXGLQJWKH VWDWH EXGJHW
IXQGV RI SULYDWH GRPHVWLF DQG IRUHLJQ LQYHVWRUV WKH LQWHOOHFWXDO SURSHUW\ ULJKWV
,35 EHORQJ WR DOO ILQDQFHUV WRJHWKHU 5HYHQXHV IURP ,3 FRPPHUFLDOL]DWLRQ DUH
GLYLGHG DPRQJ WKH SDUWLHV DFFRUGLQJ WR WKHLU VKDUH LQ ILQDQFLQJ XQOHVV WKHLU
DJUHHPHQWVWDWHVRWKHUZLVH
(VSHFLDOO\ LPSRUWDQW IRU SURGXFWLRQ LV industrial property ,QGXVWULDO
SURSHUW\ LQFOXGHV LQYHQWLRQV LQGXVWULDO GHVLJQV XWLOLW\ PRGHOV NQRZKRZ
86

WRSRORJLHVRI LQWHJUDWHG FLUFXLWVWUDGHPDUNVVHUYLFHPDUNVQDPHVRIWKHSODFHRI
RULJLQ WUDGH QDPHV DV ZHOO DV
VXSSUHVVLRQ RI XQIDLU FRPSHWLWLRQ ,QGXVWULDO
SURSHUW\SOD\VDQLPSRUWDQWUROHLQLQQRYDWLRQSURFHVVHVLQDQ\RUJDQL]DWLRQ
1HZ LH XQNQRZQ IURPWKH SULRU DUWLQYHQWLRQV LQGXVWULDO GHVLJQVXWLOLW\
PRGHOVDUHJUDQWHGOHJDOSURWHFWLRQRQWKHEDVLV RIDpatent. PatentLVDFHUWLILFDWH
LVVXHG E\ WKH FRPSHWHQW SXEOLF DXWKRULW\ ZKLFK FHUWLILHV WKH UHFRJQLWLRQ RI
WHFKQLFDOVROXWLRQV WKHSULRULW\RIWKHLQYHQWLRQWKHDXWKRUVKLSDQGWKH H[FOXVLYH
ULJKWRIWKHSDWHQWHHWRWKHLQYHQWLRQZLWKLQWKHWHUULWRU\ RIWKHFRXQWU\ZKHUHWKH
SDWHQWZDVLVVXHGIRUWKHWLPHGHILQHGE\WKHODZVRIWKLVFRXQWU\
PatentLVDQH[FOXVLYHULJKWJLYHQWRWKHSDWHQWHHDOORZLQJKLPWRFRQWUROWKH
XVH RI KLV LQYHQWLRQ IRU D OLPLWHG SHULRG RI WLPH ,VVXDQFH RI D SDWHQW FUHDWHV D
WHPSRUDU\PRQRSRO\ DV DUHZDUG IRULQWHOOHFWXDO DFWLYLW\ DQGVHUYHVDV LPSRUWDQW
VWLPXOXVIRU SURPRWLRQRI LQYHQWLYH DFWLYLW\ DPRQJ LQGLYLGXDOLQYHQWRUV RUVPDOO
ILUPV1RWDOOLGHDVRILQYHQWRUVUHVHDUFKHUVDXWKRUVDUHSDWHQWDEOH7R PHHWWKH
FULWHULDIRUSDWHQWDELOLW\WKHLQYHQWLRQPRGHOHWFVKRXOGEHQHZLHQRWNQRZQ
IURPWKH SULRU DUWQRQREYLRXVLHFRQWDLQFHUWDLQOHYHORILQYHQWLYHQHVVDQG
DSSOLFDEOH LQ SURGXFWLRQ 7KH PRVW VWULQJHQW FULWHULD RI QRYHOW\LV LWV DEVROXWH
ZRUOG QRYHOW\ LH VXFKVROXWLRQV GR QRW H[LVW DQ\ZKHUH HOVH LQ WKH ZRUOG 7KH
QRYHOW\ RI WKH ,3 REMHFW PD\ EH FKDOOHQJHG &ULWHULD RI QRYHOW\ DQG QRQ
REYLRXVQHVVRI,3REMHFWLVUHYLHZHGRQWKHGDWH RI ILOOLQJ RI WKH DSSOLFDWLRQ7KH
SDWHQW V\VWHP LQ PDQ\ FRXQWULHV LV EDVHG RQ WKH SULQFLSOH WKDW WKH LQYHQWLRQ
EHORQJVWRWKHSHUVRQZKRILUVWUHJLVWHUVWKHSDWHQW
7KH SDWHQW IRU WKH LQYHQWLRQ PHDQV WKDW DQ\RQH ZKR ZLVKHV WR XVH WKLV
LQYHQWLRQPXVWREWDLQSHUPLVVLRQIURPWKHSDWHQWKROGHU8VLQJSDWHQWHG,3REMHFWV
ZLWKRXWVXFKSHUPLVVLRQ LV LOOHJDO5LJKWVDQGSURWHFWLRQ PHFKDQLVPVDUH GHILQHG
LQWKHSDWHQWODZRIWKHFRXQWU\ZKHUHWKHSDWHQWZDVLVVXHG,QPRVWFRXQWULHVWKH
SDWHQW SURWHFWV WKH ,3 ULJKWV GXULQJ \HDUV 7KXV D EDODQFH RI LQWHUHVWV
EHWZHHQ WKH SDWHQWHH DQG WKH SXEOLF LV DFKLHYHG 3DWHQW ODZV RI DOO FRXQWULHV
SURYLGH IRU VSHFLDO FDVHV ZKHQ WKH SDWHQWHG LQYHQWLRQ FDQ EH XVHG ZLWKRXW WKH
87

SHUPLVVLRQRIWKH SDWHQW KROGHUIRU H[DPSOH LQHPHUJHQF\VLWXDWLRQV 1RUPV RI
WKHH[FOXVLYHSURSHUW\ULJKWVDSSO\WRWKHPHDQVRILQGLYLGXDOL]DWLRQRISDUWLFLSDQWV
RIHFRQRPLFWXUQRYHUDQGWKHLUSURGXFWVZRUNVDQGVHUYLFHV
. The regime of secrecy DSSOLHV WR NQRZKRZ 7KLV WHUP UHIHUV WR
LPSRUWDQW LQIRUPDWLRQ RPLWWHG RQ SXUSRVH E\ WKH DSSOLFDQW LQ WKH SDWHQW
VSHFLILFDWLRQZLWKRXWZKLFKLWLVSUDFWLFDOO\ LPSRVVLEOHWRXVHWKHLQYHQWLRQ8QWLO
QRZWKH LQYHQWRUVWU\ QRW WRGLVFORVH LQDSSOLFDWLRQ PDWHULDOVWKHLU ³NQRZKRZ´
EHFDXVH LW LV LPSRVVLEOH WR DSSO\ WKH LQYHQWLRQ LQ SURGXFWLRQ ZLWKRXW WKLV
NQRZOHGJH
(YHQWKRXJK LQPRVWFRXQWULHV±WKH8QLWHG6WDWHV5XVVLD%ULWDLQ $XVWULD
%HOJLXP*UHHFHDQGPDQ\RWKHUVWKH$FWVWLSXODWHVWKDWWKHLQYHQWLRQGHVFULSWLRQ
LQWKHSDWHQWVSHFLILFDWLRQVKRXOGEHGHWDLOHGDQGFRPSOHWHVRWKDWLQYHQWLRQFRXOG
EH XVHG LQ SURGXFWLRQ LQ SUDFWLFH WKH GLVFORVXUH RI LQIRUPDWLRQ LV LQFRPSOHWH
7KXV WKH NQRZKRZ LH XQGLVFORVHG LQIRUPDWLRQ UHODWHG WR WKH LQYHQWLRQ LV
H[WUHPHO\ YDOXDEOH IRU SUDFWLFDO SXUSRVHV .QRZKRZ PD\ UHSUHVHQW VSHFLILF
PDQDJHULDO NQRZOHGJH IRU H[DPSOH LQIRUPDWLRQ DERXW HIIHFWLYH VWUXFWXUHV DQG
PDQDJHPHQWWHFKQLTXHVVLPSOHDQGUHOLDEOHVWUXFWXUDOFRQQHFWLRQFOHDUDOORFDWLRQ
RIUHVSRQVLELOLWLHV HWF.QRZKRZ PD\FRQVLVW LQ FRPPHUFLDOVWUDWHJLHV LQVDOHV
GDWD RQWKH VWDWH RI WKHPDUNHW GDWD RQ WKHH[SHULHQFHG DQG HIILFLHQW PDUNHWLQJ
ILUPVRQWKHEHVWPDUNHWLQJWHFKQLTXHVRUJDQL]DWLRQRIDGYHUWLVLQJHWF
8VXDOO\ NQRZKRZ LV WUDQVIHUUHG YLD D OLFHQVH DJUHHPHQW 3URWHFWLRQ RI
ULJKWVRQNQRZKRZLVRUJDQL]HGDVIROORZVWKHVWDWHJXDUDQWHHVWRWKHNQRZKRZ
KROGHUSURWHFWLRQIURPLOOHJDOXVHRIWKLVLQIRUPDWLRQE\WKLUGSDUWLHVSURYLGHGWKDW
WKLVLQIRUPDWLRQKDVDFWXDORUSRWHQWLDOFRPPHUFLDOYDOXHQRWIUHHO\DFFHVVLEOHDQG
LVQRWNQRZQ WRWKH WKLUGSDUWLHV,Q KLVWXUQWKHRZQHU RIWKHLQIRUPDWLRQVKRXOG
WDNHDSSURSULDWHPHDVXUHVWRSURWHFWFRQILGHQWLDOLW\RINQRZKRZ
Commercialization of innovation
,QQRYDWLRQ JRRGV FDQ EH SURGXFHG RQO\ ZKHQ ,35V DUH WUDQVIHUUHGWRWKH
VSKHUH RISURGXFWLRQ 7HFKQRORJ\ WUDQVIHU RFFXUV RQ D QRQSURILW RU FRPPHUFLDO
EDVLV
88

Non-profit technology transfer LV GRQH WKURXJK SXEOLVKLQJ RI VFLHQWLILF
OLWHUDWXUH WKURXJK RSHQ GDWD EDQNV VFLHQWLILF FRPPXQLFDWLRQRI SURIHVVLRQDOV DW
FRQIHUHQFHVH[KLELWLRQVV\PSRVLXPV WKURXJK WUDLQLQJDFDGHPLFH[FKDQJHVHWF
Transfer of technologies on commercial basis LV FDUULHG RXW PDLQO\ WKURXJK WKH
VDOHRIOLFHQVHVDQGSDWHQWV:KHQDSDWHQW LV VROG DOO ULJKWVDUH WUDQVIHUUHG WR WKH
DFTXLUHURIWKHSDWHQW7KHQHZSDWHQWRZQHULVUHTXLUHGWRPDLQWDLQWKHSDWHQWLQ
IRUFHDQGPD\LVVXHDOLFHQVHWRXVHLWWRRWKHUV7KHWUDGHRILQWHOOHFWXDOLQGXVWULDO
SURSHUW\ LV HIIHFWXDWHG WKURXJK WKH OLFHQVH WUDGLQJ %X\HUV RI OLFHQVH XVH LW WR
SURGXFH DQG VHOO LQQRYDWLYH SURGXFWV DQG DFTXLUH QHZ PDUNHWV DQG WKH SDWHQW
KROGHUUHFHLYHVDGGLWLRQDOSURILW7KHVHGHDOVFDQEHH[WUHPHO\EHQHILFLDOIRUWKRVH
LQGLYLGXDOV DQG FRPSDQLHV ZKR FRQGXFWHG VLPLODU UHVHDUFK DQG XQGHUVWDQG WKH
VXEVWDQFHRIWHFKQRORJLHV6DOHRISDWHQWVLVDOVREHQHILFLDOIRUWKRVHSDWHQWKROGHUV
ZKRGRQRWKDYHRZQILQDQFLDOPHDQVWRRUJDQL]HSURGXFWLRQ
6RPH FRXQWULHV SXUFKDVH IRUHLJQ SDWHQWV DQG OLFHQVHV WR IRVWHU WKHLU
LQQRYDWLYHGHYHORSPHQW)RUH[DPSOHDIWHUWKH6HFRQG:RUOG:DUWKLVVWUDWHJ\RI
LQQRYDWLYHGHYHORSPHQW ZDV XVHGE\ -DSDQ ZKLFKGLG QRWKDYHLWV RZQUHVHDUFK
EDVH SXUFKDVHG DQG XVHG IRUHLJQ SDWHQWV DQG OLFHQVHV DQG ILQDOO\ EHFDPH WKH
OHDGHURIWKHVFLHQWLILFWHFKQLFDOSURJUHVV
License agreementLVDSHUPLVVLRQWRXVHLQYHQWLRQWHFKQRORJ\SURGXFWLRQ
H[SHULHQFH WUDGH VHFUHWV WUDGHPDUNV RU RWKHULQIRUPDWLRQ IRUD FHUWDLQ SHULRG RI
WLPHWRRWKHUOHJDODQGSK\VLFDOSHUVRQVIRUFHUWDLQUHPXQHUDWLRQ7KHOLFHQVRUDQG
WKH OLFHQVHH DUH WZR SDUWV LQYROYHG LQ WKH VDOH RI WKH OLFHQVH ,QYHQWLRQV NQRZ
KRZULJKW WR LQGXVWULDORU FRPPHUFLDO XVHRI WKH LQYHQWLRQVULJKWRI FRPPHUFLDO
XVHRI WUDGHPDUNV± DOOWKHVH LWHPVFDQ EH VXEMHFWV RI /LFHQVLQJ DJUHHPHQW 7KH
OLFHQVHPD\ DOVREHLVVXHGIRUMXVWRQHRSHUDWLRQ±RQO\IRU SURGXFWLRQRUIRUVDOH
RQO\
7KH OLFHQVHV GLIIHU LQ WHUPV RI QDWXUH DQG VFRSH RI WKH ULJKWV PRGHV RI
WUDQVIHU DQG FRQGLWLRQV RI XVH $FFRUGLQJ WR WKH YROXPH RI WUDQVIHUUHG ULJKWV
OLFHQVHV DUH GLYLGHG LQWR QRQH[FOXVLYH DQG H[FOXVLYH OLFHQVHV IXOO OLFHQVHV DQG
89

VXEOLFHQVHV 6HOHFWLQJ WKH W\SH RI OLFHQVH WR LVVXH GHSHQGV RQ WKH VL]H RI WKH
PDUNHWWKHQDWXUHRIWKHSURGXFWDQGWKHHFRQRPLFVLWXDWLRQ
8QGHUD non-exclusive licenseWKHOLFHQVRUZKLOHVHOOLQJOLFHQVHVUHVHUYHVDOO
WKHULJKWVRQWKHSDWHQWLQFOXGLQJWKHULJKWWRJUDQWOLFHQVHVWRWKHWKLUGSDUWLHV$V
DUXOHQRQH[FOXVLYHOLFHQVHLVXVHGZKHQJRRGVIRUVDOHDUHRIDVKRUWOLIHF\FOH
WKHPDUNHW LVODUJHDQG VHYHUDOPDQXIDFWXUHUV OLFHQVHHVSURGXFH JRRGV WRPHHW
WKHH[LVWLQJGHPDQG
:KHQ DQexclusive license LV VROG OLFHQVHH DFTXLUHV WKH H[FOXVLYH ULJKW WR
XVH WKH REMHFW RI LQGXVWULDO SURSHUW\ ZLWKLQ WKH OLPLWV VSHFLILHG E\ WKH FRQWUDFW
NHHSLQJ WKH OLFHQVRU WKH ULJKW WR XVH WKH UHPDLQLQJ ULJKWV ZKLFK ZHUH QRW
WUDQVIHUUHG WR WKH OLFHQVHH ,W PDNHV VHQVH WR VHOO H[FOXVLYH OLFHQVHV LQ FRXQWULHV
ZLWKVPDOOGRPHVWLFPDUNHWDQGSURGXFWVZLWKVORZGHSUHFLDWLRQ
8QGHUWKH VRFDOOHG full license DOOULJKWV DUH WUDQVIHUUHGWR OLFHQVHH IRUWKH
GXUDWLRQRI WKH FRQWUDFW DQG OLFHQVRU FDQQRW XVH WKH VXEMHFW RI WKH OLFHQVH 6XFK
WUDQVDFWLRQVDUH PDGHZKHQWKHRZQHURIWKHSDWHQWKDVQRILQDQFLDOPHDQVWR XVH
WKH LQYHQWLRQ RQ LWV RZQ DQG SUHIHUV WR FRQFHGH ULJKWV WR EHQHILFLDO SXUFKDVHUV
7KHUHDUHDOVRGHDOVZLWKsub-licenseDQGpatron licenses
7KH YHU\ SURFHVV RI QHJRWLDWLQJ GHDOV ZLWK OLFHQVHV LV IDU IURPVLPSOH,Q
GLVFXVVLQJWKHWUDQVIHURIWHFKQLFDORUFRPPHUFLDO LQIRUPDWLRQ WUDQVDFWLRQ SDUWLHV
EHKDYHZLWKH[WUHPHFDXWLRQWKHRZQHURIWKHNQRZKRZGRHVQRWZDQWWRGLVFORVH
LWEHIRUHWKHFRQWUDFWLVVLJQHGZKLOHWKHEX\HULQVLVWVRQWHVWLQJNQRZKRZRUWKH
LQYHQWLRQWRXQGHUVWDQGKRZJRRGWKH\DUHLQSUDFWLFH
$OO HVVHQWLDO HOHPHQWV RI WKH WUDQVDFWLRQ DUH VWLSXODWHG LQ WKH OLFHQVLQJ
FRQWUDFW$OOWHUPVXVHGLQWKHFRQWUDFWDUHFDUHIXOO\GHWHUPLQHGLQWKHFRQWUDFWDV
ZHOODVWKHVXEMHFWRIWKHFRQWUDFW7KHOLVWLIWHFKQLFDOGRFXPHQWDWLRQWUDQVPLWWHG
LV LQFOXGHG LQ WKH FRQWUDFW DV ZHOO DV JXDUDQWHHV DQG UHVSRQVLELOLWLHV RI ERWK
SDUWLHV&RQWUDFWDOVRFRQWDLQVLQIRUPDWLRQRQSD\PHQWVWD[HVDQGIHHVFRQGLWLRQV
IRUWKHWHUPLQDWLRQRIWKHFRQWUDFWFRQVHTXHQFHVRIDJUHHPHQWWHUPLQDWLRQDQGWKH
90
Соседние файлы в предмете [НЕСОРТИРОВАННОЕ]
