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Файл:Сферы общения. Учебное пособие по развитию навыков устной речи и межкультурной коммуникации
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Russia is a developed industrial country. It produces machinery, chemicals,
возглавляемая президентом
говоря об образовании
высшие учебные заведения
большие изменения
правовое государство
система управления
чтобы обеспечить
great changes
speaking about education
headed by the President
a law-governed state
management system
to ensure
higher educational institutions
1. Russia is a developed industrial
country.
2. There are four main types of
education: primary, secondary,
secondary technical and higher.
3. Great changes are taking place in
Russia.
1. It produces machinery, chemicals,
weapons, cars, textiles and many other
items.
2. All the children between the ages of
7 and 17 attend school.
3. Russia has to carry out economic
reforms in industry, agriculture,
science, education, art, culture.
weapons, cars, textiles and many other items.
There are many big industrial cities in Russia, such as Yekaterinburg,
Voronezh, Lipetsk, Moscow and many others. In Magnitogorsk there are many
metallurgical works because it is situated near very rich iron ore deposits. Ural is a
known highly-industrialized area. The agricultural areas are the Central Chernozem
zone, the Krasnodar Region. Murmansk, Vladivostok, St. Petersburg are the big
ports.
The Russian Federation is currently a dynamically developing country. Great
changes are taking place in Russia. Economics, social and humanitarian spheres are
actively developing. The country is aiming to build a law-governed state. The
economic management system is being transferred from the administrative methods
to economic ones. Russia has to carry out economic reforms in industry and
agriculture, science and education, art and culture to ensure well-being and freedom
of its citizens. Russia remains a great power in the 21st century.
ЗАДАНИЕ 6. Пользуясь текстом, подберите английские эквиваленты
следующим словосочетаниям.
ЗАДАНИЕ 7. Дополните информацию, данную в левой части, информацией из
правой части.
ЗАДАНИЕ 8. Используя образец и слова, данные ниже, скажите, в каких
областях осуществляются реформы в России, но сначала повторите:
to carry out reforms – проводить, осуществлять реформы
41
Образец: Russia has to carry out radical economic reforms in (промышленности) –
Что говорят при встрече
Good morning
Good afternoon
Good evening
Hello
Hi
Morning, Jane
Hi, Pete
Nice to see you
When meeting we say
Доброе утро (до полудня)
Добрый день (после полудня)
Добрый вечер (после 6 часов вечера)
Здравствуй
Привет
Привет, Джейн
Привет, Пит
Рад тебя видеть
industry
1) в сельском хозяйстве (agriculture)
2) в науке (science)
3) в образовании (education)
4) в искусстве (art)
5) в культуре (culture)
ЗАДАНИЕ 9. Подтвердите словами из текста, что:
1. Россия является развитой промышленной страной.
2. В нашей стране имеется четыре основных вида образования.
3. Большие изменения происходят в России.
4. Россия в настоящее время – динамично развивающаяся страна.
There are four main types of education: primary, secondary, secondary technical and
higher.
The economic management system is being transferred from the administrative
methods to economic ones.
Russia produces machinery, chemicals, weapons, cars, textiles and many other items.
Economics, social and humanitarian spheres are actively developing.
ЗАДАНИЕ 10. Выбрав правильный вариант, закончите следующие
предложения:
1. The Russian Federation is … a) a constitutional republic; b) a constitutional
monarchy. 2. Ural is a known … a) agricultural; b) highly-industrialized area. 3.
There are … a) four; b) two main types of education. 4. Russia is … a) a developed
industrial country; b) a developing country.
ЗАДАНИЕ 11. Продолжаем учиться общаться.
42
How are you?
Fine, thanks
And how are you?
Not so bad
Welcome to Russia(to our city)
Как поживаешь?
Спасибо, прекрасно
А ты как?
Неплохо
Добро пожаловать в Россию (наш
город)
Что говорят при прощании - When parting we say
Good-bye
Bye-bye
See you
Good -bye until tomorrow
Till next time
Good luck to you
I wish you success
Enjoy yourself
Unfortunately, it’s time to say good-bye
Have a good journey
All the best
до свидания
пока
увидимся
до завтра
до скорой встречи
желаю удачи
желаю успеха
желаю хорошо провести время
к сожалению, нам пора прощаться
счастливого пути
всего наилучшего
3.2. Review – Our Country
ЗАДАНИЕ 1. Исходя из содержания текста и своих знаний, ответьте на
вопросы о своей стране, используя слова, данные в скобках:
1. What is your native country? (the Russian Federation)
2. What territory does it cover? (17 million square kilometres)
3. Where is Russia situated? (Europe, Asia)
4. What oceans wash the borders of the Russian Federation? (the Pacific, the Arctic,
the Atlantic Oceans)
5. What can you say about its wonderful scenery? (forests, lakes, mountains, seas)
6. What rivers are the longest in Russia? (the Lena, the Volga)
7. What natural resources is our country rich in? (minerals, furs, woods)
8. Is our country a multinational state? (different peoples and nationalities)
9. What is the population of Russia? (143 million people)
10. Who is the head of the state? (the President)
11. When was the first artificial satellite launched in our country? (1957)
12. Who was the first man to fly into outer space? (Y. Gagarin; greatly impressed)
13. What kind of country is Russia? (a developed industrial country)
14. Where are the biggest deposits of rare metals, huge resources of iron ore,
diamonds, building materials concentrated in our country? (Siberia, Far East)
15. What is the leading coal – mining area in Russia? (the Kuzbas coal-field)
43
16. What is Ural known for? (highly-industrialized area)
Our native
country is
Russia
Canada
England.
It is a
very
small
large
vast
country with an
space
territory
area
of 17
million square kilometres.
Russia is
lie
located
situated
in Europe and Asia. It is washed by
two
three
four
oceans. The Russian Federation is
known
famous
well-known
for its
various
climate and wonderful scenery. The Baikal is the
deepest
river
lake
sea
in the world. Our
country
is
very
rich
poor
in minerals. Russia is a
multinational
state
country
republic
.
The
President
Prime
Minister
King
is the head of the state who is
elected every
four
five
six
years.
17. What are agricultural areas in Russia? (the Central Chernozem zone, the
Krasnodar Region)
18. What are University centers? (Moscow, Novosibirsk, St. Petersburg, Voronezh)
19. What can you say about education in our country? (primary, secondary,
secondary technical, higher)
20. What changes are taking place in Russia? (economic reforms in industry,
agriculture, science, education, culture, art)
21. What is the highest legislative body? (the Federal Assembly)
22. What does the Federal Assembly consist of? (the Council of Federation and the
State Duma)
23. What is the highest executive body? (the Cabinet of Ministers)
ЗАДАНИЕ 2. Читайте текст, вставляя пропущенные слова:
а) выберите те, которые соответствуют тексту:
b) Продолжайте рассказывать текст, вставляя пропущенные слова:
There are four main types of e … in our country: primary, secondary, secondary
technical and higher. Great changes are taking p… in Russia. The Russia Federation
has to carry out economic reforms in industry and a …, s … and education, art and
culture.
44
ЗАДАНИЕ 3. Составьте рассказ о Российской Федерации по плану, используя
слова, данные в скобках:
1. The territory of the Russian Federation (17 million square kilometres; Europe,
Asia).
2. Climate and scenery of Russia (forests, lakes, rivers, mountains).
3. Natural resources (minerals, furs, woods).
4. A multinational state (population, the President).
5. Discoveries of our scientists (the artificial satellite, spaceship).
6. The education in Russia (primary, secondary, secondary technical, higher).
7. Reforms in Russia (great changes, a developed industrial country).
3.3. From the History of Russia
History never stops …
Trying to stop it is like trying to stop geography.
Augusto Monterroso, 1921-2003, Guatemalan writer
ЗАДАНИЕ 1. Прочитайте интернациональные слова и определите их значения:
nations, voluntarily, Slavs, farmers, hordes, heroic, commerce, empire, university,
republic, national, attack
ЗАДАНИЕ 2. Прочитайте следующие имена собственные и дайте их русские
эквиваленты.
Russia, Eastern Slavs, Ukrainian, Byelorussia peoples, Moscow, Eastern Europe,
Kiev Russ, Mongol-Tartar hordes, Russian Empire, St. Petersburg, the Great Patriotic
War, the Second World War, the Victory Day
ЗАДАНИЕ 3. Прочитайте следующие числительные с существительными.
Переведите их на русский язык.
the 9th century, the 13th century, 250 years, 1480, the 14th century, 1564, 1755,
1917, 1922, 1941, 1945, the 9th of May
ЗАДАНИЕ 4. Познакомьтесь со словами и словосочетаниями, которые помогут
вам понять текст:
1) to join – присоединяться
Some nations voluntarily joined Russia.
2) to conquer – завоевывать
3) force – сила
Some nations were conquered by force.
4) forefather – предок
Eastern Slavs were forefathers of the Russian, Ukrainian and Byelorussian
peoples.
45
5) to dwell – жить
Eastern Slavs dwelled in Eastern Europe.
6) slim – стройный
7) fair-haired – светловолосый
Slavs were slim, fair-haired people.
8) a shepherd – пастух
9) a hunter – охотник
Slavs were hunters, shepherds.
10) a log – бревно
11) to roof – крыть (дом)
12) straw – солома
The houses of the Slavs were put together with logs and roofed with wood or
straw.
13) a hearth – очаг
A hearth was built of stones.
14) a chimney – труба, дымоход
There was no chimney.
15) a bench – скамья
Along the walls wooden benches stood.
16) an invader – захватчик
Russia fought against the invaders.
17) to overthrow – свергать
In 1480 the Mongol-Tatar rule was overthrown.
18) to save – спасать
Europe was saved from the invasion.
19) to print – печатать
Ivan Fyodorov printed Russia’s first book.
20) entire – весь
The entire people fought against the enemy.
21) troops – войска
Soviet troops won the Second World War.
ЗАДАНИЕ 5. Прочитайте текст «История России».
From the History of Russia
Russia is a very old state. It was built up over several centuries. Some nations
voluntarily joined Russia, others were conquered by force. Long ago the Eastern
Slavs, forefathers of the Russian, Ukrainian and Byelorussian peoples, dwelled in
Eastern Europe. They were slim, fair-haired people. The ancient Slavs were farmers,
hunters, fishermen, shepherds. Their life was hard. They had to work a great deal and
often had to fight. The houses of the Slavs were put together with logs and roofed
with wood or straw. The windows were right down by the ground. The floor was of
46
earth. In one corner a hearth was built of stones. The smoke from the fire escaped
1) добровольно присоединились
2) силой
3) много работать
4) вдоль стен
5) покрытые древесиной или
соломой
6) выходил через дверь
7) благодаря
8) во время правления
9) ученый
a) along the walls
b) to work a great deal
c) during the reign
d) voluntarily joined
e) roofed with wood or straw
f) scholar
g) by force
h) escaped through the doorway
i) thanks to
through the doorway as there was no chimney. Along the walls wooden benches
stood.
In the 9th century the first big state of the Eastern Slavs – Kiev Russ – was
founded. In the 13th century Russia was conquered by the Mongol-Tartar hordes. For
250 long years Russia fought against the invaders and in 1480 the Mongol-Tartar rule
was overthrown. Thanks to the Russian peoples heroic fight Europe was saved from
this terrible invasion.
In the 14th century Moscow became the capital of the new state. In 1564 Ivan
Fyodorov printed Russia’s first book. Great changes took place in the state during the
reign of Peter the Great. Commerce and trade with other countries developed. The
country’s strength grew and it came to be known as the Russian Empire. Peter I
established the new capital of Russia St. Petersburg.
The founding of the first University in Moscow in 1755, by the great scholar
Mikhail Lomonosov and the Count Ivan Shuvalov, was a great event in the history of
Russia.
In 1917 the revolution happened and in 1922 Russia became one of the
republics of the new state – the Soviet Union.
In 1941 Nazi Germany attacked the country and the entire people were fighting
against the enemy during the Great Patriotic War. In 1945 Soviet troops with US,
British and French troops won the Second World War. The Victory Day on the 9th of
May has now become our national holiday.
ЗАДАНИЕ 6. Пользуясь текстом, подберите английские эквиваленты
следующим словам и словосочетаниям.
ЗАДАНИЕ 7. Скажите, в связи, с чем в тексте приводятся следующие цифры:
several centuries, the 9th century, the 13th century, 1480, the 14th century, 1564,
1755, 1922, 1945
47
Russia was built up several centuries.
The ancient
Slavs
dwelled
lived
stayed
in the houses which were built with
logs
bricks
concrete
and roofed
with
wood
tiling
straw.
The floor was of
earth
A hearth was
constructed
of stones
parquet
linoleum.
made
built
timber
metal.
In the 9th century Kiev Russ – the first state of the Eastern Slavs – was founded.
In the 13th century Russia was conquered by Mongol-Tartar hordes.
In 1480 the Mongol-Tartar rule was overthrown.
In the 14th century Moscow became the capital of Russia.
In 1564 Ivan Fyodorov printed Russia’s first book.
In 1755 the first University in Moscow was founded.
In 1922 Russia became one of the republics of the new state – the Soviet Union.
In 1945 Soviet people won the Great Patriotic War.
ЗАДАНИЕ 8. Выбрав правильный вариант, закончите следующие
предложения:
1. Russia was built up … a) several centuries; b) hundred years ago.
2. The Eastern Slavs dwelled in … a) Western; b) Eastern Europe.
3. They were …a) fair-haired; b) dark-haired people.
4. The houses of the Slavs were put together with …a) logs; b) bricks.
5. The houses were roofed with … a) tiling; b) straw.
ЗАДАНИЕ 9. Читайте текст, вставляя пропущенные слова, выберите те,
которые соответствуют тексту:
Unit 4
4.1. OUR CITY (VORONEZH part 1)
Home is where the heart is.
English proverb
ЗАДАНИЕ 1. Прочитайте интернациональные слова и определите их значения,
обращая внимание на части речи:
а) существительные: region, zone, chronicles, dock, fleet, million
б) прилагательные: military, memorial, geometrical
48
ЗАДАНИЕ 2. Прочитайте следующие географические названия.
1. Voronezh is situated (как вы
думаете, в какой области?)
in the Voronezh Region.
2. The Voronezh Region is located (как
вы думаете, на какой равнине?)
on the Middle Russian Uplands.
3. The Voronezh Region comprises (как
вы думаете, какой район?)
the Central Black Earth zone.
The Voronezh Region – воронежский край (область)
The Middle Russian Uplands – Среднерусская возвышенность
The Central Black Earth (Chernozem) Zone – Центрально-Черноземный район
ЗАДАНИЕ 3. Используя образец и выражения, данные справа (за чертой),
скажите, где располагается Воронеж, наш край, но сначала повторите глаголы:
lie – находиться
is situated (located) – расположен
comprise – охватывать, занимать
Образец: Our city lies (как вы думаете, на какой реке?) on the river Voronezh.
ЗАДАНИЕ 4. Прочитайте следующие числительные с существительными.
Переведите их на русский язык.
400 years ago; 212 days and nights; 12th century chronicles; the 25th of January
1943; 200 ships; one million people; 600 kilometres; 1695; 1586
ЗАДАНИЕ 5. а) Познакомьтесь со словами и словосочетаниями, которые
помогут вам понять первую часть текста:
1) a fortress – крепость
The Fortress was the beginning of our city.
2) to mention – упоминать
Voronezh is mentioned in the 12th century Russian chronicles.
3) bustling – шумный
a bustling city
4) to destroy – разрушать
During World War II many buildings were destroyed in Voronezh.
5) a cradle – колыбель
Voronezh is the cradle of the First Russian Fleet.
6) a pattern – тип, образец
the pattern of streets and squares – тип планировки улиц и площадей
49
б) Прочитайте английские названия, связанные с Великой Отечественной
войной:
1) the Great Patriotic War – Великая Отечественная война
During the Great Patriotic War Voronezh fought for 212 days and nights.
2) the Order of the Patriotic War – Орден Великой Отечественной войны
3) the Order of the Military Glory – Орден Воинской Славы
The city was awarded the Order of the Patriotic War and the Order of the
Military Glory for its military feat.
4) Victory Square - площадь Победы
In the memorial in Victory Square we can read the names of the defenders of
our city.
ЗАДАНИЕ 6. Прочитайте первую часть текста к теме «Наш город».
OUR CITY
The Voronezh Region comprises the Middle Russian Uplands, the Central
Black Earth (Chernozem) zone. Voronezh is an ancient Russian city. It is 600
kilometres north of Moscow.
Four hundred years ago (in 1586) a fortress was founded on the high right bank
of the Voronezh River to protect Russian southern boundaries from invaders. This
fortress was the beginning of our city. However, Voronezh is mentioned in the 12th
century Russian chronicles.
The fortress developed into a bustling city with a large population. The
development of the town was quick and soon it spread onto the left bank. The left
bank is former town outskirts. In 1695 young tsar Peter the Great began the
construction of the Russian fleet on the river Voronezh. More than 200 ships came
out of the Voronezh docks, the cradle of the first Russian fleet.
During the Great Patriotic War Voronezh fought for 212 days and nights. The
defenders of the city struggled courageously and on the 25th of January 1943
Voronezh was liberated. Our city was awarded the Order of the Patriotic War and the
Order of the Military Glory for its glorious past. In the memorial in Victory Square
we can read the names of the defenders of our city. In the square near the eternal
flame there is a grave of the Unknown Warrior.
Today Voronezh is one of Russian largest cities with the total area of about 600
square kilometers. The city occupies two banks of the river. Its population is one
million people. One can see a lot of interesting buildings many of which were
destroyed during World War II and reconstructed later. The high-rise buildings, the
man-made sea, the geometrical patterns of streets and squares, green parks and
gardens, the beauties of the nature have altered the city greatly. One of the
architectural symbols of our city is South-East Railway Department building that was
constructed in 1928-1932 by the architect Nikolay Troitsky.
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