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Файл:Практика английской речи = English Speech Practice 2-й курс
.pdf
2. You want to book two seats to see a film, so you
phone the cinema. You want to see Fear of the
Dark next Friday, either early in the evening or at
about nine o’clock. You need to ask what time
the film starts, how much the tickets are, and
whether there’s a booking fee.
2. You work for the Odeon Cinema. You take bookings, and give details of when films are showing.
Someone is going to phone you, asking for details about the film Fear of the Dark. Decide what
time it starts in the evening. Presumably there
are at least two showings per evening. How
much are the tickets? Is there a booking fee?
Remember! You answer the phone. Begin by
saying ‘Odeon Cinemas’. How can I help you?
Ex. 7 Read about telephone etiquette and think if your own telephone manners
are always up to the mark.
The techniques of telephoning are very much the same in all countries. Only re-
member your good telephone manners:
3 When talking on the telephone – speak clearly. DO NOT shout. TAKE your cigarette or
chewing gum OUT of your mouth.
3 Make sure that your conversation with a busy person is as brief as possible.
3 When calling a person who does not recognise your voice – don’t play: “Guess who?”
Announce yourself promptly.
3 When you get a wrong number don’t ask: “What number is this?” or “Who is it?” It is
good manners to ask: “Is this two-three-four-five-six?” or “Is that Mr Brown?” If not –
apologise.
3 If a wrong number call comes through don’t lose your temper. Simply say: “Sorry, wrong
number” – and hang up. Don’t bang the receiver.
3 Always identify yourself when making a call, especially if you are calling on business,
e.g. “This is Daniel Stone from the Guardian. Could I speak to Mr Jones?
3 If you have a visitor, do not carry on a long chat while your visitor tries hard to avoid lis-
tening to your conversation. The best thing to do is to say you are busy at the moment
and… “May I call you back in a little while?” But don’t forget to do so.
3 When inviting friends to a party and the like do not ask: “What are you doing Saturday
night? or “Will you be busy on Saturday night?” The correct way is to say: “We’d like to
have you over for dinner on Saturday.”
3 Finally, remember: if you make the call, you should terminate it yourself. Do not “drag it out.”
Class Communication
Ex. 8 When we are speaking to someone we know, we usually have small talk
first. Why? What can small talk be about? Role-play phone conversations.
1. Between two persons. The telephone manners of one of them are not up to the mark.
2. Between two friends. One of them wants to invite the other to spend the evening together.
3. Between two persons. One of them feels like having a chat. The other is very busy.
301
accident
brake
brake
cab
call
VOCABULARY
n
n
v
n
n
1. a situation in which someone is injured or smth is damaged
without anyone intending them to be
to have an accident
a riding / climbing accident
2. a crash involving cars, trains, etc.
a car / traffic accident
a bad / serious / nasty accident
• He’s been involved in a car accident.
a device for slowing or stopping the vehicle
a brake pedal
to put / slam on the brakes
to put a brake on progress (fig)
to slow down using the brake
• He braked sharply to avoid the dog.
• You don’t need to brake at every bend.
to brake to a halt
Syn: a taxi
• The red London buses and black cabs were moving along
Piccadilly.
an attempt to speak to someone by telephone
to get / receive a call
to give smb a call
Syn: (infml) give smb a buzz
• I’ll give you a call at the weekend.
to make a call
• It’s cheaper to make calls after 6 pm.
to take a call / answer a call
• I’ll take the call in my office.
to return a call = to telephone someone who tried to telephone
you earlier
a collect call = a telephone call paid for by the person who
receives it
AmE to call / phone smb collect
Syn: BrE to reverse the charges
302
coach
coach
coachman
coach station
commute
commuter
cross
crossing
crossroads
drive
drive
n
v
n
n
v
n
v
n
n
v
n
1. BrE a bus with comfortable seats used for long journeys
• They went to London by coach.
2. a railway carriage, AmE a car
3. a large carriage pulled by horses
4. AmE denoting economy-class seating in an aircraft or train
• We flew coach out to Atlanta.
to travel or convey by coach
(pl – men) someone who drove a coach pulled by horses in the
past
BrE the place where people begin or end their journeys on
buses that travel a long distance
to regularly travel a long distance to get to work
• Jane lives in a village but she works in Manchester, and she
commutes between the village and Manchester every day.
someone who travels a long distance to work every day
• The carriage was full of home-going commuters.
1. to go over a line, track etc. and beyond it
2. to go across each other
• Station Avenue crosses East Street about half a mile down
the road.
a marked place where you can safely cross a road, river, etc.
a pedestrian / zebra / pelican crossing
(pl) a place where two roads meet and cross each other
at a / the crossroads (also fig.)
(drove, driven)
1. to sit in a car, bus, etc. and make it travel from one place to
another
to drive through a stop sign
2. to travel in a car
• Shall we drive or take a bus?
3. to take smb somewhere in a car
• Jack will drive you home.
a driving school / test
driving while intoxicated (DWI) BrE / driving under the influ-
ence (DUI) AmE = driving when you have had too much alcohol
1. a trip or a journey in a car
to take / go for a drive
2. the area or road between your house and the street
Syn: driveway
303
driver
fare
flag down
licence
lift
light
metropolis
park
parking
n
n
phr. v.
n
n
n
n
v
n
someone who drives a car, bus, etc.
the money a passenger on public transport has to pay
bus / train / air fare
• Air fares have shot up by 10%.
to travel half-fare / full-fare
• Children under 4 travel half-fare.
to make the driver of a vehicle stop by waving at them
• He flagged down a taxi.
AmE license; an official document that shows that permission
has been given to do, own or use smth
a driving licence BrE / a driver’s license AmE
registration number BrE / license number AmE
number plate BrE / license plate AmE
a free ride in another person’s vehicle
to give smb a lift
• Do you want a lift into town?
1. one of a set of red, yellow and green lights used for controlling traffic
• We waited for the lights to change.
• The driver has failed to stop at a red light.
(infml) to shoot the lights = to keep driving even though the
traffic lights say you should stop
(infml) to jump a light = to drive past red
2. one of the lights on a car, bicycle, etc.
• He’s left his lights on.
a very large city that is the most important city in the area
to put a car or other vehicle in a particular place for a period
of time
parked cars
• I’m parked over there. = I’ve parked my car over there.
the act of parking a car, etc.
“No parking” (a sign)
a parking space; a parking fine
• There’s plenty of parking at the shopping mall.
304
parking lot
r
parking meter
parking ticket
pedestrian
pedestrian precinct
safety
safety belt
speed
speed
speed limit
speedy
telephone
an open area for cars to park in AmE / car park BrE
n
a machine which you put money in when you park your ca
n
a notice informing a driver of a fine imposed for parking illegally
n
someone who is walking, esp. in a street or other place used
n
by cars
a pedestrian walkway / footbridge
a pedestrian crossing BrE / cross walk AmE
pedestrian mall BrE / AmE
a shopping area in a place where vehicles are not allowed
n
the state of being safe from danger or harm
n
safety measures / precautions / checks / rules
road safety
• The accident would never have happened if the correct
safety precautions had been followed.
• Police are visiting schools as part of their latest road safe-
ty campaign.
a seat belt
n
• Fasten your seat belt!
the rate at which someone or something moves
n
to pick up / gather speed
to exceed the speed limit
to travel at a speed of 80 mph (miles per hour)
at top / full speed
at high / low speed
v
to speed by = to pass very quickly
to speed up = to move or happen faster
• We’d better speed up if we want to be on time.
a 30 mph speed limit
n
to make a speedy recovery
adj
1. the system of communication that you use to have a con-
n
versation with someone in another place
• The telephone was invented by Alexander Graham Bell.
a telephone conversation
by telephone / phone
• Reservations can be made by telephone.
2. the piece of equipment that you use when you are speaking to someone by telephone
305
traffic
traffic circle
traffic cop
traffic island
traffic jam
traffic lights
traffic warden
transport
transport
underground
vehicle
• The telephone is ringing.
Syn: phone
to be on the telephone / phone
a) to have a telephone in your home, office, etc
b) to be talking to someone using the telephone
• Turn down the TV! I’m on the phone!
the vehicles moving along a road or street
n
heavy traffic
to be stuck in traffic
AmE a raised circular area that cars must drive around = BrE
n
roundabout
AmE (infml) a police officer who stands on the road and di-
n
rects the traffic
a raised area in the middle of the road where people wait for
n
the traffic to pass
a long time of vehicles on a road that cannot move or move
n
very slowly
be stuck in a traffic jam
(pl) lights that control the traffic
n
BrE someone whose job is to check that vehicles have not
n
parked illegally
BrE = transportation AmE
n
public transport (buses, trains, etc.)
means of transport
to take goods, people, etc. from one place to another in a vehi-
v
cle
BrE the Underground
n
Syn: the Tube (in London)
the Metro (in Europe)
the subway AmE
Comp: subway BrE a path for people to walk under a road or
railway = underpass AmE
esp. fml a thing that is used for carrying people or things from
n
one place to another on land
a heavy goods vehicle
• “Is this your vehicle, sir?” asked the policeman.
306
UNIT 2
F
THEATRE
Focus Vocabulary
cinema
ballet
opera
comedy
musical comedy /
musical tragicomedy
drama
farce
play
historical play
tragedy
performance
show
vaudeville
variety show / theatre
What’s Theatre? Why has it lasted so long? What does it mean to us? We know that it
offers amusement and pleasure, but then so do lots of other things. Is there something
special to itself that it offers us? Clearly there is, otherwise the Theatre would not have
gone on so long and in so many different places. Already many people tell us that with their
television sets at home and an occasional visit to the movies, they no longer need the
Theatre and do not care whether it lives or dies.
What Is Theatre?
(after J.B. Priestley)
Word Meaning
Ex. 1 Match the words on the left with suitable definitions on the right.
1. actor, actress a) the person who writes reviews of new plays, musicals, etc.
2. audience b) all the people who act in a play or a musical
3. cast
c) learns another actor’s part in order to be able to take his place if
Who is Who in the Theatre?
he or she is ill or unable to perform
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4. company d) reminds the actors of their next line in a speech if they forget it
5. choreographer e) shows people coming to watch the play or musical to their seats
6. critic
f) makes up or arranges the steps for the dancers who perform on
stage
7. director g) designs the scenery, etc. on stage
8. playwright
h) a group of actors, singers or dancers who work together, e.g.
The Royal Shakespeare __________ .
9. prompter i) the people who come to watch a play or a musical
10. set designer
j) helps behind the scenes during a production, e.g. by moving
scenery, etc.
11. stage hand k) a person who writes plays
12. stage manager
l) is responsible for everything that happens on stage during a per-
formance
13. understudy m) a person whose job is acting
14. usher, usherette n) decides how a play is performed; tells the actors what to do
Ex. 2. Match each part of a theatre on the right with a definition on the left.
1. where actors put on their costumes and make-up a) stalls
2. the area on which the performance takes place b) aisle
3. a line of seats c) circle
4. a way down from back to front between the seats d) dressing room
5. the area of downstairs seats e) stage
6. the area of upstairs seats f) box office
7. the theatre entrance hall where people meet before going in g) row
8. the place where you go or phone to buy tickets h) backstage
9. the whole area out of sight of the audience i) box
10. a little private balcony with 3 – 5 seats only j) foyer
Word Use
Ex. 3 Write the missing words in the sentences below. Choose from the following:
aisle
applause
auditorium
box office
circle (or balcony)
curtain
dress rehearsal
dressing-room
first night
foyer
interval
matinee
(orchestra) pit
performance
programme
1. We picked up the tickets we had ordered at the theatre _______________.
308
rehearse (verb)
row
stage
stalls
wings
2. The _______________ is the large area just inside the main doors of a theatre where
people meet and wait, while the _______________ is the part of a theatre where the
audience sit.
3. He was given the Evening Standard Actor of the Year award for his _______________
in Macbeth.
4. We walked down the _______________ behind an usher as he showed us to our
seats in ______________C.
5. The __________________ was terrible. Several of the actors forgot their lines, one or
two dancers fell over and there was a problem with the lighting. Let’s hope the play’s a
lot better when it opens on Saturday.
6. When you buy tickets you can choose to sit downstairs in the ___________ or upstairs
in the _____________.
7. If you can’t get to see the play in the evening, you can always go to the ____________
or afternoon performance.
8. The audience really loved the new musical, as they showed it by their loud
___________ at the end.
9. The _____________ is the area where the actors stand and perform.
10. I never go to see a play on its ______________. I prefer to wait a few weeks. It’s usu-
ally better then.
11. In front of the stage is an area where the musicians sit. This is called the
________________.
12. If you want to know more about the play or the actors in it, you can always buy a
____________ before the performance.
13. The audience became silent as the ______________ went up and the play began.
14. Before going on stage, the actors often wait in the ______________, that is, the area
to the side of the stage, hidden from the audience.
15. There is usually a short ______________ of about 15–20 minutes between the acts of
a play.
16. They normally _____________ for at least two months before they perform in public.
17. The actors put on their costumes and make-up in the _____________.
Ex. 4 Answer the questions.
1. Which do you think are the most expensive seats, and which are the least expensive?
Why is that?
2. Where do the orchestra sit in the theatre?
3. Where do the actors come from and go to when they make entrances and exits?
4. Why do you think footlights are called that, and what are they for?
5. When you go to the theatre, what do you do during the interval between the acts of the play?
309
Words in Context
Ex. 5 Read the text and explain the meaning of the words in bold type.
After playing Joseph in a nativity play at the age of five and a half, – I can still remember the three lines I had – my theatrical career really took off. I was chosen to be the back
end of the pantomime horse in our school end-of-term Christmas show. Success there, or
rather lack of it – the horse’s seams came apart soon after our first entrance – led to my
being given the job of stagehand for all future productions. Even scenery falling over in
the middle of an Italian light opera and last-minute panic over the missing set for an an-
cient Greek tragedy failed to persuade our drama teacher that I would be less of a risk
on stage than off. (That, in fact, is not strictly true. I did have a walk-on part once in a
French bedroom farce – as an apparently dumb police constable – but to everyone’s horror I tried to exit with the wrong character at the end of the wrong scene, stage left instead of stage right).
On leaving school, I joined an amateur dramatic society, full of enthusiasm but rather
short on experience, technique and timing. For some years, I was restricted to bit parts
in sketches, satirical revues and one or two slapstick comedies. My finest hour came
when I had to stand in for a member of the cast who had been taken ill – I was the gen-
eral male understudy – and take the part of the villain in a Victorian melodrama; lots of
overacting and asides to the audience. I had only a very short rehearsal beforehand and
I thought my performance was reasonably competent. The producer, however, suggested that I took up some less public hobby, like pottery or rug-making.
Confessions of a Would-Be Actor
Not deterred, I joined a repertory company as stage and costumes manager, also
responsible for props and make-up. And I was their
prompter as well. During my time
with them I wrote a number of scripts, most of which were rejected, but one of which was
accepted and performed. It turned out to be the most terrible flop. I didn’t do much acting
there – just one part, if I remember rightly, in the chorus of a musical, a revival of West
Side Story. Nobody ‘discovered’ me. What I had always wanted was to play the hero in
something like Romeo and Juliet or to have a leading part in an Oscar Wilde comedy of
manners. When I turned fifty, however, I began to accept that it was probably not going to
happen.
You can imagine my surprise and delight, then, when some nights ago I learned that I
had landed the title role in Shakespeare’s classic play Macbeth with the Royal Shakespeare’s Company. I couldn’t believe my luck. Macbeth: that superb monologue before
Duncan’s murder, the passages with the witches on the heath, that fantastic Tomorrow
and tomorrow and tomorrow speech in Act Five, Scene 5. The dress rehearsal, with co-
stars Olivier and Glenda Jackson, was a dream. And with the first night to follow – ten
curtain calls – bouquets – reviews the next day: ‘Smash hit!’ ‘Don’t miss it!’ ‘A box office
winner!’ “Triumph for new Macbeth!’ ‘A Star is …’
And then that horrible ringing sound in my ears…
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