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Файл:Закон и порядок. Учебно-методическое пособие по английскому языку для развития навыков профессиональной коммуникации
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UNIT 7
JUVENILE DELINQUENCY
VOCABULARY
Task 1.
A. Read the following words and word expressions. Translate them into
Russian.
Adolescents, juveniles, juvenile delinquency, juvenile delinquent, juvenile
court, to commit a crime, violate law, violence, youth violence, criminal intent,
be morally responsible for his/her behavior, limited responsibility, to be engaged
in criminal behavior.
B. Study the following useful words and expressions for speech practice.
1. to impose a penalty – наложить наказание;
2. juvenile detention centre – центр для содержания под стражей
задержанных несовершеннолетних правонарушителей;
3. to avoid harsh treatment – избегать жестокого отношения;
4. lack of adequate parental control –
отсутствие соответствующего родительского контроля;
5. criminal intent – преступное намерение;
6. to be morally responsible for smb’s behavior – нести моральную
ответственность за поведение;
7. failure to rise above their socioeconomic status– невозможность
изменить свой социальный и экономический статус;
8. parental control – контроль со стороны родителей;
9. minor – несовершеннолетний;
10. to take coercive measures – применять принудительные меры.
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Task 2. Replace words and word combinations in brackets by their
(1) to rehabilitate youngsters
(2) involved in delinquency
(3) community treatment
(4) residential treatment
(5) nonresidential community
treatment
(6) to abide by the specific rules
(7) economic and social environment
(8) shifting morals and values
(9) institutionalization
(10) to place the child on probation
(11) to place under the supervision of
an officer of the juvenile court
(a) исправительное воздействие в
исправительном учреждении
(b) соблюдать определенные
правила
(c) помещение в учреждение
закрытого типа, в тюрьму
(d) социальное воздействие,
перевоспитание
(e) перевоспитывать подростков
(f) дать ребенку испытательный
срок, вынести условный приговор
(g) исправительное воздействие без
нахождения в исправительном
English equivalents from Task 1.
1. In Anglo-American law, a crime is an illegal act committed by a person
who has (преступное намерение).
2. The (несовершеннолетние) generally are not considered
(морально ответственные) for their behaviour.
3. Theories focusing on the role of society in (подростковая
преступность) suggest that children (совершают преступления) in response
to their (неспособность изменить свой социально-экономический статус).
4. Good schools, (родительский контроль), special social programs as
well as interest and sports clubs should be developed in the society to decrease
juvenile delinquency.
Task 3. Match the English expression with their Russian equivalents in
the chart.
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(12) to reimburse the victim either
through direct payment or through
some form of work or public service
(13) mental health clinic
(14) abandoned children in large city
slums
(15) the fundamental change or
breakdown of traditional patterns of
family living
учреждении
(h) вовлеченный, причастный к
преступлению
(i) экономическое и социальное
положение
(j) сдвиг понятий морали и
ценностей
(k) возместить ущерб, нанесенный
жертве, путем оплаты или
посредством общественно-
полезной работы
(l) психиатрическая больница
(m) поместить под надзор
должностного лица суда по делам
несовершеннолетних
(n) заброшенные дети в городских
трущобах
(o) фундаментальное изменение или
ломка традиционных семейных
ценностей
Factors that
influence
juvenile
delinquency
Causes
of juvenile crime
Measures
of crime
prevention
Coercive methods
of treatment for
juvenile
delinquents
Task 4.Read the text and put the words in bold in the correct place in the
chart.
SPEAKING
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Juvenile delinquency refers to antisocial or illegal behavior by children or
adolescents and is considered a serious problem all over the world. It is caused
by social, economic and cultural factors.
Theories focusing on the role of society and families in juvenile
delinquency suggest that children commit crimes in response to their failure to
rise above their socioeconomic status, or because of lack of adequate
parental control and proper education, and low standards of living. Lack of
love and respect can be a major issue related to crime.
Although most juvenile justice systems prescribe specific procedures for
dealing with young criminals, such as juvenile detention centers, residential
treatment, public service, and even treatment in mental health clinics,
approaches to prevent youth from becoming delinquent should also include
measures to instill equality and justice, fight poverty and create an
atmosphere of hope and peace among youth. These preventive policies should
be given priorities over any coercive measures.
Task 5. Answer the following questions:
1. What is juvenile delinquency?
2. Why do youngsters commit crimes?
3. What are the methods of juvenile justice system? Which of them do
you consider the most effective?
4. What are the most common punishments for juvenile delinquents in
Russia?
Task 6. Study the following stages in the juvenile justice system of the
USA. Do we have the same juvenile justice system in the Russian Federation?
Are there any common features between the justice systems of the USA and
Russia? Let’s compare them.
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Answer the questions and complete the chart. Comment on your answer
The United States of
America
The Russian Federation
1. Can juveniles be
tried as adults?
2. Are there juvenile
courts in the state court
system?
3. Can the police arrest
juveniles on suspicion
of murder (or any other
serious crime)?
4. Can juvenile
delinquents be sent to
training schools or
juvenile detention
centres?
5. What circumstances
are taken into
consideration when
passing the verdict on a
juvenile case?
6. What are the most
common punishments
for juvenile crimes?
and share your opinion with the group.
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Stage 1
Taken into Custody
To arrest a juvenile, the police must have probable cause to believe the
juvenile has committed an offense or have a valid arrest warrant.
Stage 2
Juvenile Court Intake
The intake process consists of an informal process by which court
officials or social workers decide if a complaint against a juvenile should be
referred to juvenile court. They usually make this decision after interviewing the
youth and considering the seriousness of the offense, the past record of the
accused, his or her family situation and other factors.
Notes:
juvenile court intake – передача дела в суд по делам
несовершеннолетних.
Stage 3
Prosecuting Attorney
After placing a juvenile under arrest, the police file a report with the
Prosecuting Attorney’s Office. The Prosecuting Attorney is a lawyer who works
for the country and represents the community. The Prosecuting Attorney screens
the report for legal sufficiency and decides which offense, if any, should be
charged. If the case is legally sufficient and the Prosecuting Attorney determines
that charges should be filed, they may divert the case, or send it to the juvenile
court.
Notes:
divert a case –отклонить дело.
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Stage 4
Petty laws breed great crimes.
Ouida , born Marie Louise Ramé
The difference between men and boys is the price of their toys.
Robert Frost, American poet
Diversion
If the prosecutor diverts the case, the juvenile does not go to court.
Instead, the juvenile meets with a diversion worker or with an «accountability
board». The board is a group of people from the local area. Board members are
unpaid volunteers. The worker or board discuss the offense with the juvenile and
decide on possible measures: volunteer (unpaid) work; paying a fine or paying
«restitution». Restitution is money paid to the victim for damages they suffer as
a result of an offense.
Notes:
restitution – возмещение убытков.
Task 7. Comment on the following quotations.
Task 8. Questions for discussion.
1. What are the most common types of juvenile crimes in Russia? What
are the penalties for these crimes?
2. What do you think is an adequate punishment for an adolescent who
has committed a serious crime? (murder, burglary, car theft, rape)
3. If your friend has committed a serious crime, what would be your
reaction?
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Would you report it to the police or not?
ROLE-PLAY
Task 9. Work in pairs.
a) Roleplay the dialogue.
b). Change the dialogue. Give your own opinion on the problem of
juvenile delinquency. Use the given arguments to support or oppose the issue.
Arguments
FOR trying juveniles as adults
1. Serious crimes – even when committed by juveniles – require serious
punishment. Adult courts provide more fitting penalties for serious violent
crimes than juvenile courts, which return too many dangerous juvenile offenders
to the society.
2. By punishing violent youthful offenders as adults, the government
fulfills its obligation to protect the community.
Arguments
AGAINST trying juveniles as adults
1. Adult prisons are the wrong «school» for young offenders, where they
learn the ways of the hardened criminals who surround them and become more
dangerous than they were before.
2. Placing juveniles in adult prisons where they are punished – not
rehabilitated – means that society is abandoning these young people. They will
not have the opportunity to become productive members of the society.
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DIALOGUE
Speaker 1. Do you think that juvenile offenders should be prosecuted and
punished as adults?
Speaker 2. I personally believe that getting tough with juvenile offenders
will prevent other young people from participating in criminal activity. When
young people see someone like themselves sent to adult prison for a long term,
they will be deterred from committing crimes themselves.
Speaker 1. I completely agree with you. Deterrence is an important
function of criminal sentences. But do you think that adolescents are capable
enough of evaluating consequences of their criminal behaviour?
Speaker 2. By no means. As far as I can judge, at the age of 13 – 18 they
are quite experienced and should realize all the responsibility for their actions.
Speaker 1.So, you think that juvenile offenders under the age of 18
should be tried as adults, don’t you?
Speaker 2.That’s right. I’m not quite sure about European countries but I
know that in the USA a child who is 14 years old can be tried in adult court for
such serious and violent crimes as homicide, assault, rape, drug crimes, and
escaping from a juvenile detention facility.
Speaker 1. What are the causes of juvenile delinquency?
Speaker 2. I consider poverty and lack of parental control to be the major
factors influencing juvenile delinquency.
Speaker 1. And it’s quite obvious that the problem of juvenile crime can
be solved by trying juveniles as adults and sending them to detention centres.
Speaker 2. Of course not, coercive measures are not enough. Good
schools, special social and psychological services should be developed in the
society to decrease juvenile delinquency and violence.
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Task 10. Using the active vocabulary and the information from the texts
above give your own opinion on the idea that in all the faults of the young the
blame is of the elders.
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