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Файл:Буква закона = Letter of law. Учебное пособие
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Л.М. Матвиенко
БУКВА ЗАКОНА
LETTER OF LAW
Учебное пособие
Москва
Ай Пи Ар Медиа
2026
УДК 81
ББК 81.2
М33
Матвиенко, Л.М.
М33
Буква закона = Letter of law : учебное пособие / Л.М. Матвиенко. —
Москва : Ай Пи Ар Медиа, 2026. — 83 с. — Текст : электронный.
ISBN 978-5-4497-4715-0
Учебное пособие состоит из девяти разделов, включающих тексты по
специальности и тексты для дополнительного чтения. В каждой теме
представлены тексты и упражнения на развитие речевых умений в
говорении, чтении и письме. Порядок прохождения материала может
меняться, работу над упражнениями следует выполнять в установленной
последовательности.
Учебное пособие предназначено для студентов, обучающихся по
укрупненной группе специальностей и направлений подготовки «Юриспруденция», изучающих дисциплину «Иностранный язык (английский)».
Учебное электронное издание
Обложка Я.А. Кирсанов, С.С. Сизиумова, фотобанк Freepik
ISBN 978-5-4497-4715-0 © Матвиенко Л.М., 2026
© ООО Компания «Ай Пи Ар Медиа», 2025
2
CONTENTS
Предисловие ………………………………………………….. 4
Unit I. POLICE WORK (I) …………………………………... 6
Unit II. POLICE WORK (II) ………………………………… 14
Unit III. POLICE WORK (III) ………………………………. 22
Unit IV. POLICE WORK (IV) ………………………………. 31
Unit V. CRIME (I) ………………………………………….…. 40
Unit VI. CRIME (II) ………………………….……………….. 46
Unit VII. CRIME (III)…………………………………………. 56
Unit VIII. CRIME (IV)………………………………………… 61
Supplementary Reading ………………………….……………
70
Text 1. From the History of Crimes ………………………….. 70
Text 2. British Police System …………………………………. 71
Text 3. A Brief History of Constables ………………………... 73
Text 4. Scotland Yard …………………………………………. 74
Text 5. Attack in the Railway Station.………………………… 77
Text 6. Kinds of crimes ………………………………………… 78
Text 7. Police “Sting” Nets Stolen Constables ……………….. 82
Text 8. Shop-lifting …………………………………………….. 83
3
Предисловие
Учебное пособие «Буква закона» состоит из восьми разделов, включающих
тексты и упражнения по юридической тематике, а также содержит тексты для
дополнительного чтения.
Специально подобранные тексты профессионального характера отличаются
своей аутентичностью и современной тематикой, а также обладают
значительной степенью адаптированности, что является существенным
преимуществом по сравнению с текстами других учебных пособий и
учебников, так как чрезмерно сложное лексическое и грамматическое
наполнение влечет затруднение изучения учебного материала, и как следствие,
потерю мотивации студентов к изучению иностранного языка.
Основной целью создания пособия автор небезосновательно считает
приобретение студентами коммуникативной компетенции и знаний правового,
исторического и социокультурного характера, позволяющих практически
использовать иностранный язык, как в профессиональной деятельности, так и в
целях дальнейшего самообразования. К другим целям данного пособия
относятся: формирование правовых убеждений и навыков законопослушного
поведения, активной жизненной позиции; повышение мотивации изучения
иностранного языка у студентов в контексте их будущей профессии;
расширение кругозора и общей эрудиции студентов, расширение их
аналитических способностей; развитие познавательных интересов студентов в
области права и истории, навыков исследовательской работы с источниками
информации; развитие творческой активности студентов; повышение уровня
культуры мышления, общения и речи.
К основным задачам пособия автор относит практическое овладение
студентами:
- навыками и умениями устной речи в пределах изучаемой тематики для
профессионального и повседневного общения;
- умениями и навыками чтения и понимания оригинальной иноязычной
литературы по специальности с целью извлечения информации, ее перевода,
реферирования и аннотирования;
- умением письменно фиксировать значимую для них информацию в виде
делового и личного письма, протокола и т.д.
Не менее важными задачами являются: включение в активный словарь
студентов профессионально ориентированной лексики; расширение объема
рецептивного словаря студентов, объема и глубины осваиваемых
грамматических явлений; повышение культурологической эрудиции,
необходимой для общения с носителями иностранного языка и иной культуры,
а также для понимания аутентичных текстов.
Сверхзадачей пособия является подготовка студентов к дальнейшему
совершенствованию заложенных в ходе его изучения теоретических основ
права, истории и языка в течение всей жизни в соответствии с меняющимися
условиями после окончания вуза, вне педагогического вмешательства. В этой
связи особое внимание уделяется обучению студентов способам
4
самообразования, самопознания и самореализации, как в области права и
истории, так и в языковой сфере.
Особое внимание в пособии уделяется теме подростковой преступности, что
делает его актуальным как для будущих учителей, так и для работников
правоохранительных органов.
Предтекстовые задания, предлагаемые автором, пробуждают у студентов
интерес к обсуждаемой тематике и желание предугадать содержание текста, а
также обучают чтению отдельно по каждому из его видов (изучающему,
ознакомительному, просмотровому и поисковому). Послетекстовые задания в
данном пособии проверяют усвоение информации с разной степенью точности
и глубины и предполагают участие студентов в обсуждении данной темы или
проблемы. Огромное значения автор уделяет обучению лексике
профессионального характера, после изучения которой в каждой теме
представлены упражнения на развитие, прежде всего, речевых умений в
говорении и письме, так как деятельность будущего специалиста в области
права в настоящее время приобретает элементы реальной языковой среды,
настоящего живого общения, устной и письменной коммуникации с
носителями языка с использованием компьютера, e-mail, Интернета,
спутникового телевидения и т.п. Таким образом, автор сместил акцент с
овладения языковыми аспектами на основе грамматико-переводных методов на
овладение речью и формирование коммуникативной компетенции будущих
специалистов в области права.
В каждом разделе представлены тексты и упражнения на развитие речевых
умений в говорении, чтении и письме. Порядок прохождения материала может
меняться, работу над упражнениями следует выполнять в установленной
последовательности.
5
6
Unit 1. POLICE WORK (I)
Warm up Activities
1. In pairs, make two lists of at least ten words related to the idea of law and
police. Then compare your list to those of your group mates. Are there any
coincidences?
Law: a rule or set of rules, to regulate, the legislature, to control …
Police: to keep law and order, policemen/women, to maintain order, lawbreakers
…
2. Arrange the paragraphs into the chronological order. Use Supplementary
Reading to get more information you need.
The Metropolitan Police force patrol London.
They wear blue uniforms and white shirts, and
some wear tall helmets, developed from the top hats
worn by early policeman. Two nicknames for
British police “bobbies” and “Peelers” come from
the founder of the “Met” Police, Sir Robert Peel.
They are the oldest uniformed police force in the
world (the first on the left). The Metropolitan
Police Thames Division patrol the river in
speedboats. Their floating police station is by
Waterloo Bridge. The City of London has its own
police force. They have their own special uniform,
shown on the left (next to the “met constable”).
There were a lot of crimes in Tudor times. There was no paid police force, so
people had to look for the criminals themselves. Since modern police methods had
not been invented, it was hard to prove a criminal was guilty so people were
sometimes made to confess to crimes by torture.
Crime was very common in Georgian Britain. In the rapidly and growing towns,
a lot of poor people, beggars and ruffians lived off crime. There was no proper police
force so there were savage punishments for those who were caught, to put others off
committing crimes. In 1750 Henry Fielding set up the first detective force, later
known as the Bow Street Runners.
If accused people could not find enough oath-helpers (people who would swear
they were innocent), they were tried by “ordeal”. The Anglo-Saxons believed that
God would judge whether the person were guilty or not.
7
Reading
3. How much do you know about the British police? Before you read the
article, decide for yourself whether the following statements are true of false.
Then read the article below and check your answers.
The British Police
The British police officer, sometimes called the “bobby” after Sir Robert Peel,
the founder of the police force – is a well-known figure to anyone who has visited
Britain or who has seen British films. Policemen and policewomen are to be seen in
towns and cities keeping law and order, either walking in the streets or driving in cars
(known as “panda cars” because of their distinctive markings). They visit schools and
talk to children. In some districts primary schools have “adopted” police officers who
take on a school as their special responsibility. They play with the children and talk to
them and try to show them that the police are their friends to whom they can go if
they are in trouble.
Few people realize that the police in Britain are organized very differently from
many other countries. Most countries, for example, have a national police force which
is controlled by the central government. Britain has no national police force, although
police policy is governed by the central government’s Home Office. Instead, there is a
separate police force for each of the 52 areas into which the country is divided. Each
has a police authority – a committee of local county counsellors and magistrates.
The forces co-operate with each other, but it is unusual for members of one force
to operate in another area unless they are asked to give assistance. This sometimes
happens when there has been a very serious crime. A Chief Constable, who is the
most senior police officer of a force, may sometimes ask for the assistance of
London’s police force, based at New Scotland Yard known simply as “the Yard”.
In most countries, the police carry guns. The British police generally do not
carry firearms, except in Northern Ireland. They aren’t armed to avoid street
gunfights in which innocent people might get killed. In the Metropolitan Police Force
(London) over 16 per cent are trained to use firearms, but in Avon and Somerset, only
4 per cent. The average is about 10 per cent – well below that of any other police
force in the world. A few police men are regularly armed, for instance, those who
guard politicians and diplomats or who patrol airports. In certain circumstances
specially trained police officers can be armed, but only with the signed permission of
a magistrate.
1. There is one police force in Britain,
organized by the central government.
2. Some British police officers do not
wear a uniform.
3. All British police officers carry
guns.
8
All members of the police have gained a certain level of academic qualifications
at school and undergone a period of intensive training. Today it is part of the training
of every police officer to learn something about the background of the immigrant
communities, but in many places there is still hostility and suspicion between the
police and black immigrants. This is partly because of the high unemployment rate of
immigrants. They have nowhere to go and nothing to do, and so wander about the
streets together in groups. Many of them have problems at home, and they often live
in very poor housing. When the police see them together on the streets, they tend to
expect trouble, and often stop and question these young people, who are angered by
this interference with their freedom as citizens. The relationship between the police
and the non-whites may improve as more uniformed officers patrol their districts on
foot. In addition, since the considerable rise in pay, many more people are applying
for work with the police force.
Like in the army, there are a number of ranks:
after the Chief Constable comes the Assistant
Chief Constable, Chief Superintendent, Chief
Inspector, Inspector, Sergeant and Constable.
Women make up about 10 per cent of the police
force. The police are helped by a number of
Special Constables – members of the public who
work for the police voluntarily for a few hours a
week.
Each police force has its own Criminal
Investigation Department (CID). Members of CID
are detectives, and they do not wear uniforms.
Their job is to make sure that drivers obey the
parking regulations. They have no other powers –
it is the police who are responsible for controlling offences like speeding, careless
driving and drunken driving.
The duties of the police are varied from assisting at accidents to safeguarding
public order and dealing with lost property. One of their main functions is, of course,
apprehending criminals and would-be criminals.
Vocabulary Exercises
4. Match the words in bold in the text to the Russian equivalents. Then try
to remember them.
………………….
значительный
………………….
вмешательство
............................
подозрение
……………….....
враждебность
………………….
испытывать,
подвергать
………………….
повиноваться,
подчиняться
………………….
добровольно
оказать
содействие
....……………….
член
городского
магистрата
9
………………….
предполагаемый
………………….
ожидать
неприятности
………………….
получать,
приобретать
………………….
проступки,
преступления
5. Fill in the appropriate word(s) from the list, then make sentences using
the completed phrases.
the founder, county, to give, keeping, senior, separate, distinctive, to be, central,
the signed
…………….. of the police force
………….... markings
……………... permission
a …………. police force
.…………….. police officer
…………… counsellors
the …………. government
……………. in trouble
.…………..… law and order
……………. assistance
6. Fill in the gaps with the appropriate word(s) from the list below:
innocent, community, avoid, interference, obey, safeguarding, circumstances,
unemployment
1. He tried to ……….. difficulties. (escape)
2. The man was found ……….. as a young child. (not guilty)
3. Don’t judge the crime until you know the ……….. . (facts, connected with the
event or person)
4. She works for the good of the ………... .(the people living in one place,
considered as a whole)
5. ……….. is a serious social problem. (state of not working)
6. The criminal was killed because he refused to ……….. .(do what one is told
to do)
7. He was good at ……….. .(giving protection)
8. I don’t like her ……….. in my business. (breaking in without invitation)
7. Fill in the correct prepositions.
1 ….a few hours a week; 2 …. foot; 3 to ask….the assistance; 4 suspicion….the
police and black immigrants; 5 differently….other countries; 6 to be angered….the
interference; 7 to talk….children; 8 to wander….the streets; 9 walking…. the streets;
10 to deal….lost property.
10
Speaking
8. Work in pairs. Make 10 questions to the text. Let your group mates
answer them.
9. Make notes under these headings. Use your notes to talk about the British
Police.
• General information about the British Police
• How the police in Britain are organized
• Carrying arms by the police officers
• Academic qualifications and knowledge needed
• The number of ranks
• The police duties
Writing
• Study the following information
Letters can be formal or informal (inquiring or giving information, accepting
or refusing invitations, letters of advice, letters of complaint, etc) and transactional
(formal or informal letters that need a reply which are based on advertisements, other
letters, etc)
General outline for letters
salutation
Paragraph 1
reason(s) for
writing
Paragraphs 2,
3 development
Final
paragraph
closing
remarks
name
There are quite a few types of letters such as: letters of invitation, letters
accepting or refusing invitations, letters asking for or giving further information,
applications, letters of complaint, letters of apology, letters giving or asking for
directions, letters asking for advice, letters to a friend about the latest news, letters
expressing thanks/regrets/ congratulations.
Before we start writing a letter it is important to think about who we are writing
to. If we use the wrong style, the letter will look odd, silly or impolite. For example,
if we wrote to a company and used informal language, the letter would look impolite.
In the same way, if we wrote to a friend and used formal language, the letter would
look odd.
There are certain factors which help us decide whether a letter is formal or
informal. These are:
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