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Файл:Английский язык. Страноведение. Учебное пособие
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Tasks
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1. The swimming competition will take place in the local _________.
A. Bath
B. Pool
C. Sauna
2. Sportsmen usually play football on a _________.\
A. Lawn
B. Road
C. Field
3. Tomorrow we are meeting with the _________.
A. home-team
B. House-team
C. Flat-team
4. We all want to win the _________.
A. Cup
B. Cap
C. Cube
5. English football in the USA is called _________.
A. Sucker
B. Soccer
C. Socker
6. Hockey players have skates and _________.
A. Bars
B. Cafes
C. Clubs
7. English football _________ are very aggressive.
A. Cans
B. Fans
C. Pans
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8. The runner crossed the _________ line.
A. Last
B. End
C. Finish
9. We play hockey on a very good skating-_________.
A. Ring
B. Rank
C. Rink
10. That was the first _________.
A. Oval
B. Round
C. Circle
11. In this game they lost their _________ of world champions.
A. Name
B. Nickname
C. Title
12. Excuse me, what’s the _________ of the game?
A. Count
B. Score
C. Bill
13. The captain asked for an _________.
A. Out
B. Off
C. Over
14. The match ended in a _________. (ничья)
A. Draw
B. Push
C. Pull
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15. The referee said “_________” to the boxers.
A. Kill
B. Break
C. Destroy
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12. EDUCATION
The British Educational System
Education in Britain is compulsory from 5 till 16. The first stageis primary
school (5-11). Children start primary school at 5 and continue until they are 11. In
primary schools pupils are taught the so-called three “R”: reading, writing and
arithmetic.
The second stage is secondary school, which children start at 11. Secondary
schools are called comprehensive, they are free and take children of all abilities,
without entrance exams. There are also grammar schools which take children who
pass the 11 plus exams. At 16 pupils take a national exam called GCSE (General
Certificate of Secondary Education or “O” level (Ordinary) and they can leave school
if they wish and start working. This is the end of compulsory education. Some 16year-olds continue their studies in the 6th form (at school or at a sixth-form college).
The 6th form prepares pupils for a national exam called “A” level (advanced) at the
age of 18. You need “A” level to enter a university. If you don’t enter a university you
can go to college of further education to study more practical things such as
hairdressing, typing, cooking etc.
The third stage is further education at university or college. Universities and
colleges of higher education accept students with “A” levels. Most students graduate
at 21 or 22 and are given their degree. Generally universities award two kinds of
degree: the Bachelor’s degree and the Master’s degree. Altogether in Britain there are
about 100 universities. The oldest and the most famous of them are Oxford and
Cambridge.
In Britain there are also private schools. They are expensive but considered to
provide a better education and good job opportunities. Private schools are boarding
schools, where the children actually live in the school.
The most famous private schools are called “public” schools and they have a
long history and traditions. Children from wealthy and aristocratic families often go
to the same public schools as their parents and grand parents. The best known of
these schools is Eton.
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Some more facts about education in Britain:
• The academic year in Britain usually begins in September runs to early July;
it has three terms, divided by the Christmas and Easter holidays. In addition all
schools have a “half-term” holiday lasting for a few days or a week, in the middle of
each term.
• Compulsory education is free. In Britain education is compulsory, but
schooling is not. It means that parents have right to educate their children at home if
they wish. But the authorities have no right to enter people’s homes or make routine
checks on children’s progress. The responsibility rests on the parents.
Children learn in different ways and at different times and speed and that is the
main reason that some parents choose home education for their children. Some other
reasons are:
• distance from school
• religious beliefs
• dissatisfaction with the system
• bulling
• child’s unwillingness or inability to go to school
• special educational needs
Task
Explain the meaning of the following words and expressions:
1. private education —
2. compulsory education —
3. mixed schools —
4. boarding schools —
5. GCSE —
6. academic year —
7. nursery education —
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13. FOOD
Top British foods / UK Food recipes and dishes you have to try
The Sunday roast — and all the trimmings
Once, most families in the UK would sit down together for a big roast lunch
every Sunday. This doesn’t happen so much now but the Sunday (or any other day of
the week) roast is still a very popular meal. Beef, chicken, lamb, pork or, especially at
Christmas, turkey is roasted in the oven. It’s served with a selection of vegetables like
roast potatoes, carrots, cabbage, roasted onions, Brussels sprouts, peas, as well as tiny
sausages wrapped in bacon called ‘pigs in blankets’ and gravy made from the meat
juices (‘the trimmings’).
Roast beef is traditionally accompanied with a peppery horseradish sauce,
English mustard and Yorkshire pudding (a batter of eggs, flour and milk which rises
up in the oven). Roast pork is often served with an apple sauce, while roast lamb
tastes delicious with a mint sauce or redcurrant jelly.
The next day, people fry up the leftover vegetables to make ‘bubble and
squeak’ and eat it with slices of the cold meat.
Fish ‘n’ chips
Brits have been eating fish and chips since the 19th century. This is street food,
best eaten with the fingers, which used to be served wrapped in a piece of white paper
and newspaper. These days the local chip shop or ‘chippie’ is more likely to hand it
over in a polystyrene dish and with a little wooden fork. The fish, usually cod,
haddock or plaice, is dipped in batter and deep-fried; the chips are cut thicker than
French fries (more like American ‘home fries’) and deep fried twice: once to cook the
potato; second to crisp up the outside. Eat sprinkled liberally with salt and malt
vinegar, and as an accompaniment perhaps a pickled egg or onion, a giant pickled
cucumber called a ‘wally’ or some curry sauce.
Pudding
Most of the traditional desserts, puddings, ‘sweets’ or ‘afters’, as they’re called
in the UK, are not for those on a diet. In apple crumble, apples are covered with a
crumbly flour, sugar and butter mixture and served with custard made from eggs,
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milk and vanilla. Bread and butter pudding is made from sliced bread interlaced with
dried fruit and baked in custard. Spotted dick is a steamed suet pudding with dried
fruit and served with custard. Trifle is a cold pudding made from layers of sherrysoaked sponge cake, fruit, custard and cream. Summer pudding is sliced bread
layered with fruits, berries and fruit juice, and eaten with cream. Get the picture?
Pies
There are so many different pies from around the UK: cottage pie (minced beef
with a mashed potato topping), shepherd’s pie (using lamb instead of beef), steak and
kidney pie made with a suet-based (beef or mutton fat) pastry case, pork pie
(famously made in Melton Mowbray) which is eaten cold, and the Cornish pasty —
meat, potato and vegetables wrapped up in a semi-circular pastry case which is a
meal in itself.
The fry up — or ‘Full English’ breakfast
No one in the UK would eat this breakfast every day but most people admit to
indulging every now again. A ‘fry up’ may consist of fried or grilled bacon, a sausage
or two, a fried egg, baked beans (tinned beans in a tomato sauce), grilled or fried
tomatoes, a slice of fried bread (or toast), perhaps some slices of fried black pudding
(sausage made from pig’s blood), and fried mushrooms — eaten in any combination,
with a dollop of either brown sauce or tomato ketchup on the side. Other traditional
English breakfasts to try are smoked kippers, scrambled egg on toast, kedgeree (a rice
and smoked haddock dish from the days of the British Raj) — or just a bowl of
cornflakes and milk.
Haggis
Haggis is a traditional Scottish dish, which is always eaten on Burns Night, a
celebration of Scotland’s national poet Rabbie Burns, author of ‘Auld Lang Syne’
and the poem ‘Address to the Haggis’ which is recited at the start of Burns’ Suppers
on January 25th. A haggis is the stomach of a sheep (or an artificial casing) stuffed
with a mixture of chopped sheep’s heart, liver and lungs, oatmeal, onions, suet (fat),
stock and seasoning. It’s eaten with ‘neeps and tatties’ (boiled and mashed swede and
potato) and washed down with a dram (glass) of Scottish whisky.
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The British banger
Unlike European sausages, most British sausages (‘bangers’) are made from
fresh meat rather than smoked or cured and then grilled, fried or baked. Sausages are
usually made from casings filled with pork or beef and flavoured with herbs and
spices and come in long ‘links’ or strings. The classic Cumberland sausage, originally
from what is now Cumbria in the north of England, is a long, coiled sausage made
from chopped pork, and seasoned with pepper. Chipolatas are thin sausages. Popular
sausage dishes include ‘toad in the hole’ (sausages baked in a dish of batter) and
‘bangers and mash’ (sausages served with a pile of mashed potato and eaten with
English mustard and/or an onion gravy).
Cheese
The two most famous British cheeses are Cheddar and Stilton. Cheddar takes
its name from the West Country’s Cheddar Gorge caves where it was once stored. It’s
a hard, yellow cheese with a nutty flavour and often enjoyed in sandwiches, grilled
on toast or eaten with a hunk of bread, salad and chutney in pubs as a ‘ploughman’s
lunch’. Stilton, on the other hand, is traditionally eaten after a formal meal with a
glass of port. Made in north of England, it’s a creamy pale cheese with blue veins
radiating from the centre of its famous cylindrical shape. Other cheeses to look out
for include the Welsh Caerphilly, Wensleydale, Red Leicester, Double Gloucester
and Cornish Yarg.
Lancashire hotpot
This stew, which originated in the north west of England, is made from mutton
or lamb and vegetables, topped with sliced potatoes. It’s simple to prepare and cheap
to make, but cooked long and slow so that the meat is succulent and tender, it tastes
delicious. It’s often eaten with pickled red cabbage or beetroot. Other similar stews
are scouse from Liverpool, Irish stew from Ireland and cawl from Wales.
Cream tea
The cream tea is a teatime treat associated with the South West of England,
especially Devon and Cornwall and served in cafes and tearooms all over. It consists
of a pot of tea — Earl Grey in preference — drunk black with lemon or with a dash
of milk, and scones. These are dense, bread-like cakes made from flour, butter and
milk, served with strawberry or raspberry jam and clotted cream, a rich yellow cream
with a crusty top. Simply cut the scone in half, spread it with jam and clotted
cream — and enjoy.
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Tasks
Questions:
1. How many meals a day do English people have?
2. What did they use to eat for breakfast?
3. What do they usually eat nowadays?
4. Is lunch a large meal?
5. Where do English people eat lunch?
6. What dishes are served for dinner?
7. What is the most important meal of the week?
8. Is British afternoon tea still popular?
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