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Файл:Английский язык. Страноведение. Учебное пособие
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Translate into English:
1. Соединенное Королевство Великобритании и Северной Ирландии —
островная страна.
2. Британские острова состоят из 2 больших островов и тысячи
маленьких.
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3. Их общая площадь составляет более 244 000 квадратных километров.
4. Великобритания состоит из 4 стран.
5. Пролив Ла-Манш и Северное море отделяют Британские острова от
Европы.
6. Север и запад Англии- горные.
8. В Великобритании много рек, но они не очень длинные.
9. Бен Невис — самая высокая гора в Великобритании.
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2. NATURE
The British Vegetation
The humid and mild climate of Great Britain is good for plants and flowers.
Some of them have become symbols in the UK. Probably you know that the poppy is
the symbol of peace, the red rose is the national emblem of England, the thistle is the
national emblem of Scotland, the daffodil and the leek are the emblems of Wales, the
shamrock (a kind of clover) is the emblem of Ireland.
The UK was originally a land of vast forests, mainly oak and beech in the
Lowlands (низменная часть Великобритании) and pine and birch in the Highlands
(холмистая часть Великобритании). Also it consists of great areas of marshlands
and smaller areas of moors. In the course of time, vast forests were cut down and
almost all the Lowlands were put under civilization.
Extensive forests remain in the east and the north of Scotland and in the south,
the east and the west part of England. Oak, elm, ash, and beech are the most common
trees in England, while Scotland has much pine and birch. The Highlands are largely
moorlands with heather and grasses.
These are plants and flowers that grow in Great Britain:
poppy — мак
thistle — чертополох
daffodil — нарцисс
leek — лук-порей
shamrock — трилистник
clover — клевер
heather — вереск (вечнозеленый кустарник с напоминающими
колокольчик цветами, распространен в Шотландии)
oak — дуб
beech — бук
elm — вяз
ash — ясень
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The British Wildlife
The wildlife of the UK is much like that of northwestern Europe, as the British
Isles used to be part of it. In the old times, the common animals in the forests were
bears, wolves, foxes and reindeer. On the coast there were a lot of seals. Now many
animals are protected by law as some of them as bears and wolves have been hunted
to extinction. The seals are in danger now as the sea and the coast is used as a
dustbin. Reindeer is common mainly in Scotland.
Among larger animals only foxes have managed to survive and many of them
are still seen in different parts of the UK. There are also smaller animals such as rats,
squirrels, hares, etc.
Among the birds the most numerous are blackbird, sparrow, starling, robin.
Robin Redbreast is the national bird of the UK. There are about 430 kinds of
birds, many of them are songbirds.
In spring and just before the winter colds begin, millions of birds flying from
the north to the warmer lands stop for a rest on a little rocky island off the west coast
of Britain. The rocks are absolutely covered with birds. And the local people bring
food and water for them while the long-distance travelers are there.
As for reptiles, they are few. There are three types of snakes and only one of
them is dangerous. There are no snakes in Ireland and there is a legend that Saint
Patrick got rid Ireland of snakes.
These are animals and birds that live in Great Britain:
Robin redbreast — красногрудая малиновка (национальная птица Британии)
blackbird — черный дрозд
starling — скворец
sparrow — воробей
reindeer — северный олень
seal — тюлень
squirrel — белка
reptile — пресмыкающееся
insect — насекомое
salmon — лосось
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Tasks
Topics for reports (with presentations):
• The most dangerous ecological problems
• Advantages and disadvantages of the industrial progress
• What would you suggest to attract people’s attention to the problems of
pollution and ecology?
• Nature and ecology of America
• Nature and ecology of GB
• Animals need help. Earth is in danger
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3. HEALTH SERVICE
Health service in England
The National Health Service in England was inaugurated on July 5,1948 by the
Minister for Health under the National Health Service Act of 1946.
The number of doctors in England is not quite enough to serve millions of
patients treated at the National Health Service. Nurses are also in short supply.
All doctors may take part in the Family Doctor .System. They may have
private practice receiving the pay directly from the patients for their medical advice.
Health Service doctors are paid by the government. The pay depends on the number
of patients they have served every month. The hospital service includes general and
special hospitals, tuberculosis sanatoria, infectious disease units and all forms of
specialized treatment together with the provision of most surgical and medical needs.
In the main this part of the service is organized by 15 Regional Hospital
Boards. In each hospital area there is a University having a teaching hospital or a
medical school.
• to be inaugurated — быть торжественно открытым
• Regional Hospital Board — областной больничный совет
• National Health Service — Национальная служба здравоохранения
Tasks
Answer the questions to the text:
1. When was inaugurated the National Health Service in England?
2. Is it quite enough the number of doctors in England?
3. May doctors have private practice?
4. How do they receive the pay?
5. What does the pay depend on?
6. What does the hospital service include?
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Topics for reports:
• Health care system of the UK. Its peculiarities and financing
• Health Care System in Australia
• Health care system of the USA. Its peculiarities and financing
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4. MEDIA
Modern world is full of information of various kinds which sometimes is even
more valuable than money. Mass media (the press, radio, television and Internet)
have a very big impact on modern society. They serve to inform people of different
events that take place or may happen, educate, entertain and give us any kinds of
information. Complete and accurate information is very important to get nowadays.
The press still remains one of the most powerful kinds of mass media, even
more powerful than the Internet. One can find daily, weekly and monthly newspapers
and magazines on different topics. My family is subscribed to Moskovsky
Komsomolets which is one of the most popular daily newspapers in Russia.
However, I do not read it since I prefer getting news from the Internet. My mother
also buys monthly fashion magazines like Vogue or Cosmopolitan and my father
prefers sports newspapers and magazines. There are also a lot of newspapers and
magazines for children which are colourful and full of pictures.
Television plays a big role in our society too and a lot of people prefer
watching television to reading a newspaper. Television provides a great opportunity
for people to learn latest news, watch educational programmes, children's
programmes, old and new films and soap operas on TV. TV-series have also become
very popular with the Russians nowadays.
As for me, I usually watch documentaries and game shows on television. My
mother prefers sitcoms and educational programmes; my father watches sports
programmes and political talk shows. I think that it is impossible to live without
television, even though the Internet, I am sure, will replace it one day in future.
Radio is less popular than newspapers and television, but still people listen to it
in cars or at work. I usually listen to online radio stations while I am doing my
homework. Every hour radio stations tell latest news in brief. There are also different
types of radio stations and one can find any radio station to their liking.
The Internet is the newest kind of mass media, but which has become the most
popular and greatest source of information and entertainment. If you have the internet
access, you may read newspapers online, watch films, listen to music, listen to the
radio and even watch television online!
I use the Internet every day for various purposes: I chat with friends all over
the world, read news and browse the Net to find necessary information for my
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studies. E-mail has become the greatest way of communication. One can send a letter
to their friends (even from the most distant countries and places) without the need of
buying an envelope, and the letter will be delivered in a few seconds. I also like
social media sites, like Facebook or Vkontakte. I have my profiles there and they help
me stay in touch with all my friends both from Russia and abroad.
Surely, there are advantages and disadvantages of mass media. Some of the
advantages are education and entertainment. However, one needs to have special
equipment, like a TV-set to watch television, a radio-set to listen to the radio, or a
computer withthe internet access to surf the Net and buying all of these may be hard
if one does not have enough money. Another disadvantage is that sometimes the
information which is provided on the Internet is unreliable and may even be harmful
to people.
In spite of all disadvantages, people still read newspapers, watch TV, listen to
the radio and browse the Net.
Tasks
Answer the questions to the text:
1. What do mass media include?
2. What is one of the most popular types of mass media?
3. Why is reliable information important nowadays?
4. Is your family subscribed to a newspaper or magazine?
5. Do you watch television?
6. What are your favourite channels and programmes on TV?
7. Why is radio less popular than television?
8. Do you listen to the radio? What are your favourite radio stations?
9. What TV programmes do you and your family watch?
10. Do you think it is possible to live without television?
11. Do you often surf the Internet?
12. What kind of information do you usually look for in the Internet?
13. Do you have a profile on a social media site?
14. Do you think that life is impossible without the Internet now? Why (not)?
15. What are the advantages and disadvantages of mass media?
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Can you live 2 weeks without the Media?
1. What’s the first thing you usually do when you wake up in the morning?
A. Have breakfast
B. Watching TV
C. Listen to music
D. Check my social networks
2. How often do you watch YouTube while eating your meals?
A. Hardly ever
B. Occasionally
C. Frequently
D. Always
3. Are you online when watching movies or listen to music?
A. Never
B. Sometimes
C. Mostly
D. Always
4. How much time per week do you spend on watching TV serials?
A. Less than 7 hours
B. 7-21 hours
C. 21-30 hours
D. More than 30 hours
5. How much time per week do you spend on blogging or social networking?
A. Less than 7 hours
B. 7-14 hours
C. 14-21 hours
D. More than 21 hours
6. How many times do you look at your Smart Phone?
A. Whenever I need to call someone
B. When I have a break
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