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Файл:Английский язык для юристов = English for lawyers. Учебное пособие
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51
GRAMMAR TASK. THIRD CONDITIONAL
The third conditional is if + past perfect, + woudn’t have + past
participle. We can also use could or might in the main clause.
We use the third conditional to talk about unreal situations in the
past, i.e. situations that are contrary to the facts.
If he hadn’t driven so quickly, the police could have caught him.
(He drove quickly, the police didn’t catch him).
If he hadn’t driven over the speed limit, he wouldn’t have been
fined.
L. Complete the sentences using the correct form of the verbs in
brackets. Use could or might if possible.
1 If they ... (plan) the robbery better, they ... (succeed).
2 If the police ... (act) more quickly, they ... (prevent) the robbery.
3 If he ... (not drive) so fast, he ... (not have) an accident.
4 The crime rate ... (not increase) if the last government’s policy ...
(be) more efficient.
5 The police ... (not catch) him if he ... (not leave) his fingerprints on
the door.
M. Look at the words and find the following. There three extra
words.
1) four words for people who are or may be criminals
2) one word for people who are victims
3) three words for people who work for the law
4) two crimes
robbery lawyer attorney captor fingerprints
prosecutor thief bank robber getaway kidnapping
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SPEAKING TASK
N. In groups, discuss the following.
1. Criminals are born, not made.
2. Most criminals are either greedy or lazy.
3. Crime doesn’t pay.
4. Petty crimes lead to serious crimes.
5. Once a criminal, always a criminal.
6. Television programmers are a major cause of crime.
O. The perfect murder. You are going to try and solve a crime. Work
in groups of six. You are police detective and each of you knows only the
information which is given.
Read the newspaper report below, and discuss who committed the
crime and how it was committed.
This morning the body of beautiful millionaires Susan Shapiro was
found on the banks of Lake Minoria. The police know from the autopsy
report that the victim died last night between 8 p.m. and 10 p.m. The
small lake and surroundings have been searched extensively by police
and divers and no murder weapon has been found. It appears that she
was stabbed in the chest.
There are five suspected persons:
1. Rex Peterson, an army veteran has been hacking into the victim’s
computer and monitoring the victim’s whereabouts for the last year. He
has many photos of the victim, and the victim has complained about him to
the police.
2. Julie Barriskell, used to be a school friend of the victim but
became jealous of her success. Julie was the last known person to see the
victim. She sent a text message to the victim and invented her to the lake at
5 p.m. Police have a record of the text message. She is a friend of Dr.
Drake Ramorey. She has an alibi from 8 p.m.
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3. Martha Smith is a 75 years old and walks her dog by the lake
every morning. She found the body and police have not been able to find
any connection between her and the victim. She was a judge before she
retired and is a well-respected member of the community.
4. Professor Ewan Shapiro is the father of the victim. He was a
water-tight alibi. He hosted a large dinner party from 6 p.m. till 11 p.m.
last night and was seen by 14 people. He will inherit a small amount (one
quarter) of his daughter’s money.
5. Dr. Drake Ramorey was engaged to marry the victim.
Surprisingly, he was already in the victim’s will. He will inherit most
(three quarters) of the victims money He is an expert of on chest and
lungs. He has a history of violence with the previous girlfriend.
(For teacher. Encourage people to talk about how the crime was
committed. Do not reveal the information till near the end: ice melts).
P. Discussing court cases. Read the information about three court
cases.
Which crime:
1. involved people eating something?
2. took place at night?
3. involved a vehicle?
4. involved something taking pictures?
5. took place in the countryside?
6. went on for a number of months?
CASE 1
A burglar broke into the home of a woman who lives in a remote
rural area. The burglary took place at 2 a.m. The woman, who is a martial
art expert, woke up and realized someone had broken into her house. She
went downstairs quietly and, without warning, attacked the burglar. She
knocked him repeatedly. The burglar was badly injured and spent a long
54
time in hospital recovering. The burglar is now permanently disabled. The
woman was arrested and charged with using excessive force.
CASE 2
A woman in her late 30s became obsessed with a younger man of
25 who lives in the same town. He moved to the area a year ago and she
first noticed him at the railway station as they both take the same train to
work. They talked briefly on the platform on several occasions. More
recently, she started following him, appearing outside his work and
visiting places where he meets his friends. She found his address and
started taking photographs of him. She also started phoning him at work,
and at home, and when he answered she hung up. The man found out that
she is planning to move into a flat opposite him. After several complaints
the woman was arrested and charged with stalking the man.
CASE 3
A 35-year-old man was driving his two children (aged five and six)
to a theme park. The son and daughter were in the back of the car. The
man gave them a packet of sweets to eat during the journey. They started
fighting and one of the children began to choke on the sweets. The child
could not breathe and was in difficulties. The driver turned round to help
and lost control of the car. It crashed into a group of people sitting at tables
outside a café. Five people were injured, two seriously. The man was
arrested and charged with dangerous driving.
Q. Discussion point. It’s easy to be wise after the event. — Hypothesis.
The following extracts are taken from the Book of Heroic Failures.
What are the criminals’ mistakes?
What should / shouldn’t they have done?
55
1. The Least Successful Mugging
In 1978 Sussex police launched a hunt for a “six-foot, dark-haired
youth of about 20” who failed to mug a five–foot, 74-year-old
grandmother.
The young sprang upon Mrs. Ethel West while she was walking
through Chichester Cathedral cloisters. The result should have been a
foregone conclusion. Surprisingly, however, when Mrs. West grabbed the
mugger’s wrist, he cried, “Oh God! Oh no! Stop!”
Encouraged by these pleas, she put him in an arm lock at which the
mugger cried, “Oh no, Oh Christ!” and ran away.
“If I hadn’t been carrying my shopping, I would really have put him
on his back, “said Mrs. West who took a course in judo when younger.
“Before my husband died I used to practice throwing him at
Christmas,” she explained.
2. The Worst Bank Robbers
In August 1975 three men were on their way in to rob the Royal
Bank of Scotland at Rothesay, when they got stuck in the revolving doors.
They had to be helped free by the staff and, after thanking everyone,
sheepishly left the building. A few minutes later they returned and
announced their intention of robbing the bank, but none of the staff
believed them. When, at first, they demanded $5,000, the head cashier
laughed at them, convinced that it was a practical joke.
Considerably disheartened by this, the gang leader reduced his
demand first to $500 then to $50 and ultimately to 50 pence. By this stage
the cashier could barely control herself for laughter.
Then one of the men jumped over the counter and fell awkwardly on
the floor, clutching at his ankle. The other two made their getaway, but got
trapped in the revolving doors for a second time, desperately pushing the
wrong way.
56
3. The Least Successful Bank Robber
Not wishing to attract attention to himself, a bank robber in 1969 at
Portland, Oregon, wrote all his instructions on a piece of paper rather than
shout.
“This is a hold-up and I’ve got a gun,” he wrote and then held the
paper up for the cashier to read.
The bemused bank official waited while he wrote out, “Put all the
money in a paper bag.”
This message was pushed through the grille. The cashier read it and
then wrote on the bottom, “I don’t have a paper bag,” and passed it back.
The robber fled.
4. The Least Alert Burglar
A Parisian villain broke into a house at the village of Lachelle in
1964. Once inside he began to feel sleepy and decided that he would lie
down and digest his meal in comfort. He was arrested next morning fast
asleep upstairs in the spare bedroom.
5. The Worst Hijacker
We shall never know the identity of the man who in 1976 made the
most unsuccessful hijack attempt ever. On a flight across America, he rose
from his seat, drew a gun and took the stewardess hostage.
“Take me to Detroit,” he said.
“We’re already going to Detroit,” she replied.
“Oh … good,” he said, and sat down again.
Discuss the following questions.
Which story is funniest?
- the most stupid?
- the worst prepared?
- the most cowardly?
- the most unprofessional?
57
WRITING TASK
R. Write a short letter to the newspaper giving your news on the
case. Use the beginning and ending below to help you.
Sir,
I read your story with interest yesterday about the young Internet
criminal. My view of this case is …
… and I think you will find that the majority of sensible people feel
the same way.
Name, Place of writing
S. Watching video. Against the law?
1. Work with a partner. Match words from box A to words from box
B to make collocations.
A.
common legal major prison
B.
crime misdemeanor sentence sense statute
2. Work with a partner. All the actions in the list below are crimes
somewhere in the world. Do you think they should be crimes? If so, are
they major crimes or minor misdemeanors? What punishment should they
receive (if any) — a caution, a fine, a prison sentence?
3. Watch a video about strange laws around the world. Which of the
laws in exercise 2 are mentioned?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AMckDC7-aoM1
1
Контент с YouTube является нежелательным, доступ к нему замедлен.
58
4. Watch the video again. Decide if the following statements are true
(T) or false (F).
1. British Members of Parliament can wear armor to work if they
wish.
2. The Italian police felt that flip-flops weren’t smart to be enough to
be worn in public.
3. Different states in the USA have different laws.
4. The law about police dogs wasn’t intended to include funny faces.
5. In 1644, the English government banned Christmas.
6. Eating mince pies is still illegal in England.
5.
a. Work in groups. Choose one of the following activities and work
together to think of some logical reasons why they might have been
banned.
buying chewing gum (without a medical prescription)
wearing a suit of armor in the Houses of Parliament
building sandcastles on the beach
b. Compare your ideas with another group. Decide on the best or
most likely reasons.
6.
a. With your group, make up a silly or strange law. Think of a logical
reason for enacting this law. Tell the class about it and try to persuade
them to pass the law.
b. As a class, vote on which new law you are going to pass.
59
UNIT 4. LAW AND MYSTERIES
A. Work in groups and discuss the questions.
1. Which TV crime dramas have you watched / heard about?
2. Have you read any detective stories recently? What about their
main characters?
3. What types of crimes are usually involved in dramas of this kind?
4. Why do you think they are so popular?
5. What do you know about Sherlock Holmes?
6. Was he a real person?
7. Why and when was he famous?
B. Read the article and change your idea.
Glossary:
1. Inspired: Influenced or motivated to create something.
2. Angular: Having sharp corners or prominent angles.
3. Twinkled: Shone with a flickering or sparkling light, often
suggesting intelligence or humor.
4. Admiration: A feeling of respect and approval.
5. Deduce: To arrive at a conclusion through reasoning.
6. Ward: A division of a hospital where patients are accommodated.
7. Remarkable: Worthy of attention; extraordinary.
8. Calluses: Thickened and hardened areas of skin, usually due to
friction or pressure.
9. Installment: A single part of a series of stories or articles.
10. Consulting Detective: A detective who provides expert advice
or services.
11. Scotland Yard: The headquarters of the Metropolitan Police
Service of London.
60
SHERLOCK HOLMES A REAL PERSON?
Not exactly, but Dr. Joseph Bell, the man who inspired the character
of Sherlock Holmes, shared many qualities with the famous detective.
Arthur Conan Doyle, the writer and creator of Holmes, met Dr. Bell in
1877 at the University of Edinburgh Medical School. Conan Doyle was
studying to be a doctor and Bell was one of his professors.
Bell was 39 years old when Conan Doyle first attended one of his
lectures. He is said to have walked with great energy. His nose and chin
were angular and his eyes twinkled with intelligent humor. Bell, who was
a brilliant doctor, liked writing poetry, playing sport and bird-watching.
By the end of Conan Doyle’s second year, bell had selected him to
serve as his assistant. Being on a ward with Bell, where he had plenty of
opportunity to observe, only increased Conan Doyle’s admiration for the
great doctor. Amongst other things he was able to witness. Dr. Bell’s
remarkable ability to deduce a great deal about the patient.
Dr. Bell observed the way a person moved. The walk of a sailor, who
had spent many years at sea, varied greatly from that of a soldier.
If he identified a person as a sailor, he would look for any tattoos that
might assist him in knowing where their travels had taken them. He trained
himself to listen for small differences in his patients’ accents to help him
identify where they were from. Bell studied the hands of his patients
because calluses or other marks could help him determine their
occupation.
Conon Doyle published the first Holmes story in 1887. His
innovation in creating a character that would appear over and over in a
series of self-contained stories meant that Holmes’s popularity grew with
each installment. Perhaps the most famous story was The Hound of the
Baskervilles, which has been made into several films. Soon the character
was so beloved that people refused to believe he wasn’t a real person;
letters addressed to ‘Sherlock Holmes, Consulting Detective’ arrived daily
at Baker Street and Scotland Yard, each begging him to take on a real case.
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