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Файл:Английский язык для юристов = English for lawyers. Учебное пособие
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4) point out (part 4)
a) bring your attention to
b) say something sharply
5) conscience (part 5)
a) knowing right from wrong
b) feeling all your senses
6) managed (part 6)
a) tried
b) succeeded
7) evil (part 7)
a) very bad
b) stupid
8) justice (summary sentences)
a) excuse
b) right behavior
E. Mach the words and join them with and/or to make new phrases.
alive clean
hit law now
right safe sooner
later order run
sound then tidy
well wrong
1. ... .
2. ... .
3. ... .
4. ... .
5. ... .
6. ... .
7. ... .
8. ... .
F. Now put the phrases from Task E in the sentences below.
1. Many children didn’t learn the difference between what is …
because they are not given a good example by the adults around them.
2. Every … we hear a burglar alarm and we know that somebody has
tried to break into the bank again.
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3. The young girl was found … after being left in the woods by her
kidnappers.
4. Researchers say that nobody can avoid crime — … in your
lifetime your house will be burgled.
5. The old lady went to bed feeling … after her son had fitted new
locks on her front door.
6. The little boy was taken to hospital with a broken leg after being
knocked down by a … driver.
7. Penny had left her house … and was shocked when she returned
home after her holiday to find a big mess left by burglars.
8. The judge said that when there was no … on the streets, the crime
figure increased.
GRAMMAR TASK
Modal verbs — Possibility and Certainty
Read these examples from the article.
… although he might feel sorry for the prisoners …
We could do something that we believe is right …
Do the modals might or could refer to something that is certain or
something that is possible?
Which form of the verb follows the modal?
Now look at these examples.
As most of you must know, …
We can’t blame these people for their behavior …
Do the modals must and can’t refer to something that is certain, or
something that is possible?
What period of time do these sentences refer to?
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Complete the following rule.
We use the modals … and could for situation that are … and we use
the modals … and can’t for situations that are … .
G. Complete the sentences below by choosing the correct alternatives.
1. She can’t / can’t have seen what happened because she wasn’t
there.
2. I’m not sure why he went home. He couldn’t have forgotten /
might have forgotten some important papers for the court case.
3. Our lawyer isn’t here yet. He must be / can’t not be on his way.
4. He mustn’t be /can’t be guilty. He was at home when the robbery
took place.
5. He must have stolen / must steal the money when I went to
answer the phone.
H. Complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the
first one, using the word given.
1. I’m sure he has a good lawyer because he is never convicted.
must
He … a good lawyer because he is never convicted.
2. It’s possible that Maggie took the money from the till.
might
Maggie … the money from the till.
3. I’m absolutely sure she’s not guilty because she’d never hurt
anyone.
be
She … guilty because she’d never hurt anyone.
4. I know for certain that Lee sent that threatening letter to the boss.
must
Lee … that threatening letter to the boss.
5. It’s possible that they didn’t hear what you said about the burglary.
might
They … what you said about the burglary.
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6. It’s possible that Paul knows why he was arrested.
might
Paul … why he was arrested.
SPEAKING TASK
I. In pairs, ask and answer these questions. Use the words and
expressions to help you.
Have ever done anything that you are punished for?
What was your punishment? Did you deserve it?
Have you ever done anything that you got away with? How did
you feel?
Has anyone punished you for something that you didn’t do?
How do you feel when you have done something that you know is
wrong?
What do you do to make yourself feel better?
Do you make excuses for yourself?
harsh, guilty, unfair, detention, be grounded,
be suspended from school
WRITING TASK
In this Task, you learnt how to write an article of general interest. In
this unit, you are going to learn to write an article that offers suggestions
or solutions. As with all articles, so that you know what kind of
suggestions or solutions to give.
J. Look at the questions below.
Imagine that you are a student representative of your school, and the
head teacher has asked you to write an article for a magazine (published
by a center for teenagers who have broken the law), suggesting ways for
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young people to “get back on the right track”. You should give realistic
and practical suggestions for young people who have been in trouble with
the police but want to make a new start.
K. Complete the table with the words below.
because of, due to, for example, for instance, like, owing to, since, such as
Giving examples
L. Complete the following sentences using words from the table
above. There may be more than one possible answer.
1. Go to places where you will be able to make new friends, … youth
clubs and sport centers.
2. …. you want to make an effort, you shouldn’t have too many
difficulties.
3. Make up for lost time at school. …, you could go to night school
to catch up with your education.
4. Do something for the community, … helping people in need. It
really is worth it!
5. Try to put your past behind you. You can’t ruin your whole life …
what happened.
6. It may be difficult to find a job, … the fact that you have been in
trouble with the police, but lots of people are willing to give young people
a second chance.
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M. Now write your article, using words from task L above, and the
outline below. (160–180 words)
Article Outline
Paragraph 1
Introduce the main subject. Make the reader want to read more
Paragraph 2
and 3
Develop your article, using topic sentences and giving reasons
and examples
Paragraph 4
Finish off the article, giving the reader something to think about
VOCABULARY TASK
N. Complete the article using the words below. You may have to
change the form.
break into catch up with get away with
knock down make up with point out
ART THIEVES
Last night in the city center a young woman (1) … by a thief who
(2) … the Museum of Fine Arts, and was trying (3) … a number of
priceless pictures. At the police station where he was questioned he
admitted to driving dangerously, explaining that he was trying (4) … the
other thieves who had managed to get out of the museum earlier. When the
police officer (5) ... that he had nearly killed somebody, the thief
apologized, saying that he would do everything he could (6) …what he
had done.
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O. Complete the table with the words below. Some words can go in
more than one place. Can you explain why?
arrest burglar burgle convict criminal an eyewitness
community service execute executioner victim CCTV
surveillance fingerprints
kidnapper lawyer murder police officer prisoner rob sentence
steal witness prosecution defense the accused shoplifting
arson a fine CCTV footage DNA forensic scientist fraud
vandalism
People
Crime
Actions
Punishment
Evidence
P. Complete the sentences with the prepositions below. You must use
each preposition twice.
on in to for
1. According … experts, nobody is actually born a criminal.
2. I think you should concentrate … your future, instead of worrying
about what you did in the past.
3. Didn’t you feel sorry … the old lady when you snatched your
handbag?
4. Undercover police officers often put their lives … Danger.
5. In some countries criminals must do something to help their
community; ... instance, they may have to clean up public parks and
gardens.
6. It’s encouraging to see that so many young people who have
broken the law want to get themselves back … the right track.
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7. Many measures have been taken … order to reduce crime in big
cities.
8. Are murderers sentenced … death in your country?
Q. Compose a sentence to describe different situations. Use must,
might or can’t together with the words given.
1. see / robbers …
2. break / law …
3. He / take / ring …
4. She / steal / money …
5. commit / serious / crime …
6. rob / bank …
R. Complete the conversation by using must, might or can’t and the
verbs in brackets in the correct form.
Robert: Have you heard about that prisoner escaped this morning?
Anne: Yes, they say he (1) … (escape) through a window of the train
when he was being moved from one place to another. It was his only way
out.
Robert: And on the radio they said he (2) … (hurt) himself when he
jumped, but they’re not sure.
Anne: Do you think he’s guilty?
Robert: The police say he (3) … (murder) his brother because they
found the gun at his house. So he (4) … (be) guilty. I mean it’s obvious.
He also had a motive. He (5) … (hate) his brother when he was going to
get all their father’s money.
Anne: Why? In my opinion, he (6) … the killer. He’s just not the
type. His brother’s wife or a friend of hers (7) ... (shoot) him. She looks the
type and now she’ll get all the money.
Robert: You’ve been watching too many films. She (8) … (do) it
because she was at work when it happened. Anyway, turn on the TV for
the news. They (9) ... (catch) him.
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S. Decide which phrase a, b or c completes the second sentence in
each pair, so that it has a similar meaning to the sentence before it.
1. Perhaps the bank manager gave the robbers the information they
needed.
a. can’t have given
b. must have given
c. might have given
2. I’m certain the gang … is planning something big.
The gang … something big.
a. must be planning
b. must plan
c. must have planned
3. I’m positive they had nothing to do with the burglary.
They … anything to do with the burglary.
a. might have had
b. can’t have had
c. must have had
4. It’s certain the burglars were watching the house for a long time.
The burglars … the house for a long time.
a. must have been watching
b. might have watched
c. can’t have been watching
5. It’s possible the witness knew more than he told the police.
a. must have known
b. must know
c. might have known
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T. In each sentence, there is a word that is not needed. Circle the
extra word.
1. She might to have given the stolen money in her garden.
2. He can’t have taken the gold because he might wasn’t here.
3. They might have not been trying to get into the jeweler’s
yesterday.
4. He must have known the painting was be stolen as soon as he saw it.
5. One of the guards must to be lying.
6. The security guard might have to helped the burglar, I suppose.
7. Since she was the only one who had knew the code, she must have
told her.
8. He must have been trying to stop the thief when he got injured.
9. They must be have put poison in the coffee.
10. She might be not telling the truth, but I’m not sure.
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