Английский язык в области землеустройства и кадастров. Учебно-методическое пособие

Public administration of land is based on the cadastre. The information contained in databases can be used to introduce and monitor land policies. Moreover, cadastres provide security of tenure due to accessible, up-to-date, and reliable information. Public access to cadastral registers should be limited, but cadastral information should be accessible to all government authorities.

What is Land Tenure? It is the relationship among people, as individuals or groups, with respect to land. Rules of tenure define who can use what resources, for how long, and under what conditions they are utilized. The rules also include responsibilities and restraints. Land tenure can be classified into several categories. Private tenure involves assigning rights to a private party (individuals or a commercial company) with power of disposition. Communal tenure implies that members of a community have rights to use independently the holdings of the community. Non-members of the community cannot use the common areas. Open access tenure includes specific rights that are not assigned to anyone. First of all, it deals with marine tenure, where access to the high seas is open to anyone. State tenure consists of property rights assigned to some authority in the public sector.

The word “cadastral” comes from Latin and Greek, its meaning is “register”, or it can be literally translated as “by the line”. (1) ___________ It can also be used by governments to set boundaries for small towns or even countries.

The results of a cadastral survey are recorded in a document called a cadastre. A cadastre includes technical information from the survey, such as measurements, area, and detailed descriptions of property lines. (4) ___________ In some places, the value of the land may be included for tax purposes. In certain countries, the deed or title to a piece of land might also be part of the cadastre.

In the United States, the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) is the federal agency responsible for conducting and keeping records of cadastral surveys on public lands. The BLM performs surveys when the government buys or sells land, grants land-use rights, or defines boundaries for new parks or protected areas.

12. Thousands of pieces of data are stored in a computer’s memory. Increasing competition may force the company to close stores this year. Removable data storage devices have an increasingly large capacity.

Obviously, the use of land implies multiple dimensions. However, traditional cadastres have a two-dimensional representation of land parcels. 3D data was not applied due to the lack of collection methods and equipment, as well as the limited 3D storage and representation technologies. However, modern 3D developments under and above ground have changed the cadastral system.

3D cadastre helps making parcel records not only in high-rise buildings, but also below the ground. For instance, telecommunication lines, water pipes, tunnels and foundations for buildings are also treated as 3D objects in cadastral registers.

3D cadastre has some advantages. It represents real-life objects more accurately than a traditional cadastre. It helps to better visualize objects wherever they are located. Consequently, land, property and infrastructure evaluation, planning and management can be more efficient.