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Файл:English for University Students. Учебное пособие
.pdf
READING
Task 7. Read the article. Choose from the list (A–I) the
heading which best ts each paragraph. There is one heading you
do not need to use.
A. Question everything.
B. Set goals for your life.
C. Surround yourself with mentors and teachers.
D. Embrace new ideas and opportunities.
E. Actively reject pessimism.
F. Be fearless.
G. Care for and about people.
H. Do what’s right, not what’s easy.
I. Lead by example.
How to Be The Leader Of Your Own Life1
By Lolly Daskal, President and CEO, Lead From Within
Here are 8 ways that becoming the leader of your own life will
make a big difference.
1. ___ Set daily, monthly and long-term goals tied to your visions
and dreams. Don’t be afraid to go for something big. Remember,
nothing is impossible if you believe you can achieve it.
2. ___ Teach yourself to be daring, bold and brave. Be willing to
fall down, fail and get up again for another round.
3. ___ Don’t shy away from anything new, whether it’s an
opportunity, an idea, or an experience. Turn every day into an
adventure and work to turn all the programs, projects and processes in
your life into possibilities.
4. ___ Become the person who’s constantly asking questions.
The more you question, the more you learn, and the more you learn,
the more you know. Ask yourself questions to stay focused. Curiosity
is an important way to become the leader of your own life.
5. ___ There are some things you simply don’t take liberties
with. When it comes to integrity, honesty and ethics there is no room
for compromise. Keep integrity at the heart of your character and you
1
How to be the Leader of Your Own Life. URL: https://www.inc.com/lolly-
daskal/how-to-be-the-leader-of-your-own-life.html
21
will never lose sight of it. You can always make the effort to choose
what’s right over what’s convenient or personally benecial.
6. ___ The more you reject things that are defeatist, critical,
fatalistic and apathetic, the more room you leave in your life for
positivity. As leader of your own life, you have the power to either
make yourself miserable or happy with the choices you make every
day.
7. ___ You can’t grow when you think you’re the smartest
person in the room. Always be on the lookout for teachers and mentors
who are smarter and more experienced than you. Seek to be
continually inspired by something and learning about everything.
8. ___ Make sure that compassion and empathy are a central part
of who you are.
Task 8. Answer the questions.
1. Why is it necessary to set goals for your life?
2. Why should a person ask questions?
3. Should you do what is right or easy? Why?
4. Is it important to reject pessimism? Why?
5. What are the ways of becoming the leader of your own life?
GRAMMAR
Study the information.
Degrees of Comparison of Adjectives
(Степени сравнения прилагательных)
Степени сравнения прилагательных могут быть образованы
тремя способами:
1. Синтетический способ используется для всех односложных прилагательных и двухсложных прилагательных, оканчивающихся на -ble, -er, -y, -ow:
Положительная Сравнительная Превосходная
new newer the newest
happy happier the happiest
narrow narrower the narrowest
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2. Аналитический способ используется для всех многосложных прилагательных. Перед прилагательным ставятся слова
more / most (более/наиболее), less / least (менее/наименее):
Положительная Сравнительная Превосходная
effective more / less effective the most / least effective
light-minded more light-minded the most light-minded
3. Супплетивный способ. Некоторые прилагательные
в английском языке образуют степени сравнения не по общим
правилам:
Положительная Сравнительная Превосходная
good better the best
bad worse the worst
little less the least
many more the most
far farther / further the farthest / the furthest
old older / elder the oldest / the eldest
Comparative Constructions
(Сравнительные конструкции с прилагательными)
Все три степени прилагательных используются в сравнитель-
ных конструкциях.
Степень Конструкция
Положительная
as…as Одинаковое
not so / as…
as -
twice as…
as
half as…as
Условия
употребления
качество двух
предметов (лиц,
явлений)
Разное качество
предметов
Если один из
объектов
отличается от
другого вдвое
или в несколько
раз (… times)
Пример
He is as tall as his father. Он
такой же высокий, как и его
отец.
Ann is not so beautiful as you
(are). Анна не такая
красивая, как ты.
Your classroom is twice (three
times) as large as mine. Ваша
аудитория в два (три) раза
больше моей.
Your at is half as large as
mine. Ваша квартира вдвое
меньше моей.
23
Окончание табл.
Степень Конструкция
Сравнительная
Превосходная
than … Сравнение
much …
than
far … than
the… the … Передача
the … of / inОбычно при
Условия
употребления
степени качества
одного предмета
с другим
Усиление
сравнительной
степени
зависимости
одного качества
от другого
сравнении
Пример
Ann has more good marks
than he has. У Анны больше
хороших отметок, чем у
него.
Ann is much older than me.
Анна гораздо старше меня.
This textbook is far better than
that one. Этот учебник
значительно лучше того.
The more you read, the more
you know. Чем больше ты
читаешь, тем больше ты
знаешь.
Ann is the best student of us
all. Анна — лучшая
студентка из всех.
Ann is the cleverest (girl) in
the class. Анна — самая
умная (девочка) в классе.
Modal Verbs
(Модальные глаголы)
Модальные глаголы передают отношение к действию,
выраженному смысловым глаголом в форме инфинитива и
отличаются от других глаголов рядом особенностей:
1. Не изменяются по лицам и не имеют окончания -s в 3-м
лице единственного числа.
2. Имеют только одну форму, за исключением глаголов can
(could) и may (might).
3. Инфинитив смыслового глагола употребляется без
частицы to, за исключением глагола ought to.
4. В вопросительном и в отрицательном предложениях
употребляются без вспомогательного глагола.
24
Утверди-
тельное
предложение
She can speak
English.
You may go
now.
Вопроси-
тельное
предложение
Can she speak
English?
May I go
now?
Краткий ответ
Yes, she can.
No, she can’t (cannot).
Yes, you may.
No, you mayn’t (may
Отрицательное
предложение
She cannot
speak English.
You may not go
now.
not).
You must go
there.
Must I go
there?
Yes, you must.
No, you mustn’t (must
You must not go
there.
not).
Глагол Значение Эквивалент Пример
Can
(could)
Возможность или
способность совер-
Be able to I can read. Я умею
читать.
шения действия
Can Просьба и предложе-
ние чего-либо
Can you give me that
pen? Можете дать
мне ту ручку?
May
(might)
Разрешение совершить действие
Предполагаемая
возможность,
зависящая от определенных обстоя-
Be allowed to
Be permitted to
You may go. Вы
можете идти.
I may play football.
Я могу сыграть
в футбол (но могу
и не сыграть).
тельств
Must Долженствование,
необходимость
произвести действие
Have to
Be to
I must go. Я должен
идти.
I must do it tomorrow.
Я должен сделать
это завтра.
Task 9. Read the sentences and translate them into Russian.
1. Does your boyfriend have small eyes or large eyes?
2. Nothing is impossible if you believe you can achieve it.
3. You can’t judge people by their appearance.
4. Leaders must understand technology for its revolutionary
force.
5. The more you question, the more you learn, and the more you
learn, the more you know.
25
6. Always be on the lookout for teachers and mentors who are
smarter and more experienced than you.
7. As a leader, you can see the bigger issues, but you can also see
how things could be so much better if we could just remove those
obstacles.
8. Today’s leaders must have the ability to identify technological
trends across different sectors, such as big data, cloud computing,
automation, and robotics.
Task 10. Compete the sentences using adjectives in compara-
tive or superlative degree.
1. Jill’s a far (intelligent) person than my brother.
2. Kate was the (practical) of the family.
3. Jack was the (tall) of the two.
4. Jack is the (clever) of the three brothers.
5. Parents are (helpful) than teachers.
6. If you need any (far) information, please contact our head
ofce.
7. The sinking of Titanic is one of (famous) shipwreck stories of
all time.
8. The deposits of oil in Russia are by far the (rich) in the world.
Task 11. Make negative and interrogative sentences.
1. He can stay here for some time.
2. I can explain everything.
3. She could answer all the questions.
4. I’m able to take care of myself.
5. He may use my mobile phone.
6. You may borrow my things without asking.
7. You must try to get to work on time.
8. You must stay in bed until you are allowed to get up.
Task 12. Complete the sentences. Choose the word/words that
best t(s) the sentence.
1. Nobody ___ to park in front of this restaurant.
a) may
26
b) must
c) is allowed
2. A.: ___ I do it now?
B.: Yes, you ___.
a) can, may not
b) must, must
c) may, can’t
3. A.: ___ I borrow your pen?
B.: Yes, of course. Here you are.
a) be able
b) must
c) may
4. I am glad to nd you are still here, Mary. I was afraid you ___
be no longer in the house.
a) might
b) are able to
c) can
5. Because I know her family I did what I ___ for her.
a) can
b) be able to
c) could
6. You will ___ speak Spanish in another few months.
a) can
b) be able to
c) must
7. Little children like books with large print. They ___ read them
more easily.
a) can
b) must
c) be able to
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8. My dentist says I ___ eat so many sweets.
a) can’t
b) be able to
c) mustn’t
Task 13. Translate into English.
1. Он никогда не может прийти на встречу вовремя.
2. Мой брат не умеет говорить на китайском языке.
3. Ты умеешь водить машину?
4. Она не может брать мои вещи без разрешения.
5. Теперь вы можете отдохнуть.
6. Студентам разрешают пользоваться словарями во время
экзамена?
7. Студенты должны выполнять домашнее задание.
8. Вы не должны разговаривать по телефону во время
за нятия.
LISTENING
Task 14. You will listen to Mrs. Langley describing her
daughter to a police ofcer. Before you listen, think what
questions a police ofcer can ask about the girl. Make up these
questions.
Task 15. Listen to the speaker and decide if the following
statements are true (T) or false (F).
1. The girl’s name is Ann.
2. She is 17 years old.
3. She is short, about four feet six inches.
4. She is not thin.
5. She’s got long dark hair.
6. She’s wearing an orange blouse and green and brown skirt.
7. She is wearing a white coat.
8. She is carrying a small black bag and a parcel.
28
Task 16. Discuss the following questions.
1. What is necessary to do if a child gets lost?
2. What information will the police ask for?
3. How can you help a child who is lost?
WRITING
Task 17. Study the strategies for essay writing in Appendix 3
and write an essay on one of the following topics:
1. People can judge your personality just by looking at you.
2. Appearance as a guide to moral character: Does real beauty
come from the inside?
3. Can a person’s appearance inuence his/her character?
Unit 3. TEAMWORK
LEAD-IN
Task 1. Discuss the following statements. Do you agree with
them? Why / why not? Give your reasons.
• “Great things in business are never done by one person.
They’re done by a team of people.”
Steve Jobs
• “A key to achieving success is to assemble a strong and stable
management team.”
Vivek Wadhwa
• “The target for every great champion is to play for the team.”
Antonio Conte
Task 2. Answer the following questions.
1. Who’s someone you really admire?
2. What’s your favorite family tradition?
3. Who had the most inuence on you growing up?
4. What’s the best advice you’ve ever heard?
VOCABULARY
Task 3. Read the information about different types of team
members (a–h) and then say if the statements (1–8) are true or
false. Use a dictionary, if necessary.
Meredith Belbin has identied these types of team members or
team players:
a. the implementer, who converts the team’s plan into something
achievable;
b. the coordinator, a condent member who sets objectives and
denes team members’ role;
c. the shaper, who denes issues, shapes ideas and leads the action;
d. the plant, a creative and imaginative person who supplies
original ideas and solves problems;
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