Добавил:
ivanov666
Опубликованный материал нарушает ваши авторские права? Сообщите нам.
Вуз:
Предмет:
Файл:English for University Students. Учебное пособие
.pdf
4. The police have just arrested Jimmy on suspicion of murder.
5. They cut the gas off because Mr. and Mrs. Green hadn’t paid
their bill.
6. They will open a new hotel next week.
7. Our managers discuss important matters every Tuesday.
8. The government closed the plant last year.
Task 12. Match the sentences with the rules of using passive
voice. You can use some of the rules (a–e) twice.
1. Smoking is not allowed
in the reception room.
2. Talks will be held in Stockholm next week.
3. Fees must be paid in advance.
4. The kidnappers have been
arrested.
5. Cars left here will be towed
away.
6. The research was carried out
last year.
7. The check must be signed.
8. All the documents have been
stolen.
a. неизвестно, кто выполняет
действие
b. неважно, кто выполняет
действие
c. из контекста ясно, кто
выполняет действие
d. газетный заголовок (назва-
ние статьи), привлекающий
внимание к происходящим
событиям
e. описание процесса в
инструкциях, научных
работах, собственно
инструкции, правила
Task 13. Complete the gaps with prepositions ‘by’ or ‘with’.
1. Molly’s bedroom wall was covered ____ posters.
2. The house was surrounded ___ owerbeds.
3. His shorts were covered ___ mud.
4. The deer was shot ___ a hunter ___ rie.
5. Rare books, issued ____ British publishers, are being shown
at the exhibition.
6. The new swimming pool has been just opened ___ the mayor.
7. Extra training was provided ____ the company.
8. University laboratories are equipped _____ up-to-date
devices.
91
Task 14. Translate the sentences into English.
1. Рукопожатие считается наиболее распространенной фор-
мой приветствия.
2. В азиатских странах отношения строятся на доверии дол-
гое время.
3. В Англии любой подарок могут расценить как взятку.
4. В скандинавских странах, где люди считаются равными,
не принято при обращении использовать титул.
5. Чтобы преуспеть в бизнесе, стоит выучить основы кросс-
культурных коммуникаций.
6. В каждой стране свои особенные обычаи и традиции.
7. Невербальное общение состоит из жестов, выражения
лица, тона голоса и зрительного контакта и считается важной
частью процесса коммуникации.
8. Оскорбить можно случайно, но восстановить отношения
будет очень трудно.
LISTENING
Task 15. Match the following synonyms.
1. universal
2. conclusion
3. interpret
4. scan
5. neglect
6. similarities
7. clear
8. convey
9. complicated
10. thought
a. put into words
b. look at
c. believed
d. ignore
e. read
f. difcult
g. likenesses
h. common
i. understandable
j. judgment
Task 16. Listen to the speaker and decide if the statements are
true (T) or false (F).
1. Facial expressions are the same all over the world.
2. People worldwide share the same way of reading facial
expressions.
92
3. People from East Asia focus more on people’s lips to read
emotions.
4. A study says East Asians don’t really look at other people’s
mouths.
5. The way we use emoticons is similar to how we read facial
expressions.
6. East Asians show emotions in emoticons using symbols for
the eyes.
7. Communication between cultures is easier than we thought it
was.
8. The study suggests translation problems among cultures will
continue.
Task 17. Look at the words below. Try to recall exactly how
they were used in the text you listened to.
• universal
• differently
• differences
• suggests
• added
• neglect
• suggested
• clear
• convey
• ndings
• thought
• lost
SPEAKING
Task 18. Study the information about effective presentations
in Appendix 2. Choose a country and make a presentation about
its business etiquette. You should cover the following points:
1. How to get connected.
2. How to meet, greet and address people.
3. Time needed to establish rapport and get down to business.
4. Gift giving.
5. Attitude to time.
6. Decision making process (where decisions are made, who
makes decisions).
93
Unit 9. HOW TO ADAPT
TO A DIFFERENT CULTURE
LEAD-IN
Task 1. Answer the following questions.
1. Have you lived in another culture, or do you know someone
who has? What have been your/their experiences with the new
culture?
2. What countries have a similar culture to your own? Which are
totally different?
3. What makes people change country of living?
Think about:
• earning more money;
• having more relaxing life;
• for political reasons;
• to study;
• to retire in a sunny place;
• something else.
Task 2. Discuss the following statements. Do you agree with
them? Why / why not? Give your reasons.
• “As migrants we leave home in search of a future, but we lose
the past.”
Gary Younge
• “A sh only discovers its need for water when it is no longer
in it. Our own culture is like water to a sh. It sustains us. We live and
breathe through it.”
Dr. F. Trompenaars
VOCABULARY
Task 3. Match the words and phrases on the left with their
synonyms.
1. to cite a. great number of
94
2. host of b. accommodation
3. alienated c. make one’s permanent home somewhere
4. values d. refer to
5. settle in e. licensed
6. qualied f. psychological state
7. housing g. moral principles
8. mental health h. estranged
Task 4. Complete the sentences with the correct word from the
list.
religious diversity, social circle, ethnic origin, public transport
services, sense of isolation, cultural difference, prize, social customs
1. The fact that their families are often far away and are difcult
to keep in touch with further increases their _______.
2. Soon, Indian political parties began to break up, giving rise to
a large number of regional and caste-based parties. Most of these parties are led by political dynasties that _______ loyalty _______ merit.
3. This is not really a disagreement; it is a _______ that
international society has to live with.
4. Dialogue on racial, cultural and _______ was key to ghting
intolerance and discrimination.
5. However, _______ and stereotypes predominate that are
stronger than the law and produce a powerful inuence on the minds
of young people, especially those who lack extensive familiarity with
the cultures of other peoples.
6. This woman is a very important person in our _______ .
7. This, combined with low quality of _______ and a lack of
investments for renewal of the public transport system, results in
serious urban mobility problems.
8. This change does not mean that protection against
discrimination on grounds of _______ is weakened.
Task 5. Translate the following adjectives, which describe
feelings and emotions, put them in three groups to describe
1) happiness, 2) anger and 3) fear.
95
afraid
aggressive
cautious
critical
delighted
disorientated
displeased
doubtful
encouraged
excited
fearful
frustrated
hateful
hesitant
hopeful
horried
hostile
impatient
insecure
nervous
offended
open
optimistic
peaceful
satised
shocked
worried
Now think of the situations when immigrants can have these
feelings, give your examples.
Task 6. Translate the sentences into English.
1. Языковой барьер является серьезным препятствием для
осуществления проектов технического сотрудничества в Центральной Азии.
2. Терроризм, насилие и конфликты стоят в начале списка
нынешних угроз международному и региональному миру и безопасности.
3. Как кадровые службы, так и соответствующие департаменты должны тщательно проверять квалификационные документы и рекомендации всех кандидатов.
4. Сбор и распространение соответствующей информации
о национальном и местном опыте может помочь адаптироваться
в новой стране.
5. Правительство, безусловно, со всей серьезностью подходит к проблеме интеграции иммигрантов.
6. Если вы всерьез хотите обосноваться в новой стране, вам
необходимо изучить особенности культуры и устранить языковой
барьер, чтобы свободно общаться с другими людьми.
7. Иммигранты часто чувствуют себя отчужденными, дезориентированными и незащищенными.
8. Даже после нескольких лет проживания в стране иммигранты по-прежнему сталкиваются с множеством проблем.
96
READING
Task 7. Read the article. Choose from the list (a–g) the
heading which best ts each paragraph. There is one heading you
do not need to use.
A. Housing.
B. Cultural differences.
C. Language barriers.
D. Health problems.
E. Transportation issues.
F. Employment.
G. Isolation.
The Top Problems Faced by Immigrants
1
Settling in a new region poses many challenges, and there are
some that are common experiences for migrants across the globe.
1. It’s no great surprise that language tops the list of issues
facing immigrants to any country. Being able to communicate (or not)
affects every area of life in which we have to interact with others.
2. The next barrier that many new immigrants commonly cite
when starting life in a new country is nding suitable employment.
Many new immigrants face two particular problems: getting their
credentials recognized and relevant local work experience.
3. A big priority for anybody moving to a new area or country is
to secure housing. Lack of local knowledge or how the housing
market works in the new country can present problems.
4. Access to transportation can be essential in that it will make
access to education and employment far easier. Immigrants face
particular problems in this respect on two levels.
Firstly, the driver’s license may not be recognized in the new
country, which means there may be costs associated with becoming
qualied. Secondly, that language barrier can, again, make
understanding or even nding useful local public transit services a
hard task.
1
The Top 10 Problems Faced by Immigrants. URL: https://www.immigroup.
com/news/top-10-problems-immigrants
97
5. Many immigrants report that, on arrival, it is the cultural
differences that really make a big impression. This can range from
social customs to more signicant issues such as attitudes towards
gender, religious diversity, ethnicity and sexuality, which can all be
vastly different in a new country. This can raise a host of problems for
both immigrants and the people they interact with. It can also lead to a
sense of isolation for immigrants and even affect mental health
negatively. It is important to accept that values will be different and
that this is something that you cannot control.
6. Missing the support of friends, family and extended social
circles is a big factor for most migrants. Those who come from
societies where traditional support structures within communities are
strong can nd that they feel lost, alienated and disorientated when
moving to a Western country where individualism is often prized over
family.
Task 8. Answer the questions.
1. Why does the language top the list of issues that immigrants
to any country face?
2. What should a person do to nd a suitable employment in a
new country?
3. What are the two levels problems with transportation that
immigrants may face?
4. What are possible cultural differences?
5. What is the advice for immigrants to cope with cultural
differences given in the text?
6. In which part of the world is individualism prized over
family? What is your priority: family, your friends, yourself, community, your company, your nation.
7. Would you like to move to a new country?
8. Do you think immigration is a good or bad thing?
98
GRAMMAR
Study the information.
Modal Verbs
(Модальные глаголы)
В английском языке долженствование может быть выражено
глаголами, за которыми следует:
1. Инфинитив без частицы to:
• Must (должен, надо, нужно) в настоящем времени, во всех
лицах. Выражает необходимость в силу обстоятельств (приказание, совет).
I must do it now. Я должен сделать это теперь (мне нужно,
надо).
These questions must be answered at once. На эти вопросы
нужно сейчас же ответить.
• Shall (должен, должны) во 2-м и 3-м лицах единственного
и множественного числа. Выражает приказ.
You shall go there! Вы должны идти туда! (Вы пойдете туда
немедленно).
Примечание. Вопрос, который в русском языке выражается
инфинитивом, передается на английский язык с использованием
глагола shall:
Shall I read? Читать? (Мне надо читать?)
Shall I translate? Переводить?
• Should (должны, следует, следовало бы) во всех лицах.
В самостоятельном предложении выражает моральный долг или
совет, относящийся к настоящему или будущему времени.
You should help them. Вы должны (вам следует) помочь им.
Tools should always be kept clean. Инструменты всегда сле-
дует держать в чистоте.
Should с перфектным инфинитивом выражает действие, кото-
рое должно было произойти в прошлом, но не произошло.
You should have helped them. Вам следовало бы помочь им.
2. Инфинитив с частицей to:
• To have to (должен, приходится) в настоящем, прошедшем
и будущем времени. Выражает долженствование, вытекающее из
99
внешних обстоятельств, условий, часто переводится на русский
язык глаголом приходится.
I had to work hard last month as I was to take my examinations.
Мне пришлось много поработать прошлый месяц, так как мне
предстояло сдавать экзамены.
• To be to (предстоит) в настоящем и прошедшем времени.
Означает долженствование, вытекающее из предварительной
договоренности или плана. To be с инфинитивом следующего гла-
гола как выразитель долженствования часто встречается в технической литературе.
We are to inspect this plant. Мы должны (нам предстоит)
осмотреть этот завод.
He was to come at 5 but he didn’t come. Он должен был
(договорился) прийти в 5 часов, но не пришел.
Примечание. Глагол to be в Past Simple в сочетании с Perfect
Innitive указывает, что действие, которое должно было
произойти, не совершилось.
They were to have made this experiment. Они должны были
сделать этот эксперимент (но не сделали).
Глагол to be в сочетании с Innitive Passive нередко выражает
возможность и переводится на русский язык словом можно:
Evidence of great changes in the life of our people is to be seen
everywhere. Повсюду можно видеть свидетельства великих
изменений, происшедших в жизни нашего народа.
• To be obliged to (быть обязанным) во всех временах.
Означает обязательство.
We were obliged to nish reading this book in to hours. Мы
обязаны были (вынуждены были) закончить чтение этой книги
за два часа.
• Ought to (должен, следует, следовало бы) во 2-м и 3-м
лицах.
Употребляется для выражения морального долга или совета,
относящегося к настоящему или к будущему.
You ought to help them. Вы должны (вам следует) помочь им.
Ought с перфектным инфинитивом выражает действие,
которое должно было произойти в прошлом, но не произошло.
You ought to have helped them. Вам следовало бы помочь им.
100
Соседние файлы в предмете [НЕСОРТИРОВАННОЕ]