Добавил:
ivanov666
Опубликованный материал нарушает ваши авторские права? Сообщите нам.
Вуз:
Предмет:
Файл:Business writing for economists and managers = Деловая корреспонденция для экономистов и менеджеров. Учебно-методическое пособие
.pdf
111
Chicago style describes rules for preparing manuscripts in History, English, and
Art. Writers should consult The Chicago Manual of Style (the recent edition) in order
to write and format research papers. There are also supplemental Turabian Style
guidelines.
General format
Margins should be set at no less than 1 inch. It is recommended to use Times
New Roman or Courier as the readable typeface. Preferably, the font size should
be 12 pt., but no less than 10 pt. The text should be double-spaced, including block
quotations, notes, bibliography entries, table titles, and figure captions.
Page numbers begin in the header of the first page of the text with Arabic
number 1. Subheadings should be used for longer papers.
Titles throughout the text should be capitalised “headline-style”. That means any
important words as well as the first words of titles and subtitles should be capitalised.
As regards books and periodicals, the titles should be italicised. In case of article and
chapter titles, they should be enclosed in double quotation marks.
Title page. Papers may either include a title page or the title should be on the
first page of the text. If the title page is required, writers should centre the title a third
of the way down the page. Several lines later it is necessary to place the writer’s
name, class information, and the date.
The title line should be finished with a colon if there is a subtitle and it should
be placed on the line below the title.
EFFECT OF SMOKING ADVERTISING ON AMERICAN YOUTH
Paul Rakolskiy
English 103
5 February 20...
112
Headings. While The Chicago Manual of Style does not include a prescribed
system for formatting headings and subheads, it makes several recommendations.
1. Maintain consistency and parallel structure in headings and subheads.
2. Use headline-style for purposes of capitalisation.
3. Subheadings should begin on a new line.
4. Subheadings can be distinguished by font-size.
5. Ensure that each level of hierarchy is clear and consistent.
6. Levels of subheads can be differentiated by type style, use of boldface
or italics, and placement on the page, usually either centred or flush left.
7. Use no more than three levels of hierarchy.
8. Avoid ending subheadings with periods.
Turabian has an optional system of five heading levels:
Level
Format
1
Centred, Boldface or Italic Type, Headline-style Capitalisation
2
Centred, Regular Type, Headline-style Capitalisation
3
Flush Left, Boldface or Italic Type, Headline-style Capitalisation
4
Flush left, roman type, sentence-style capitalisation
5
Run in at the beginning of a paragraph (no blank line after), boldface or italic
type, sentence-style capitalization, terminal period.
1
Effect of Smoking Advertising on American Youth
Initiation
Advertising may contribute to initiation, since it functions as a determinant
of curiosity to sample tobacco products in young days. Youths’ curiosity specifies
their interest in tobacco and stresses the likelihood of their attention towards smoking
and then relative impulsive behavior. In this regard, adolescents’ interest in tobacco
serves as an indicator of susceptibility, which in turn emphasizes smoking experimen-
tation and subsequent established use.
Citation
In-text citation. Chicago-style source citations come in two varieties: notes
and bibliography, and author-date. Most authors choose the system used by others
in their field or required by their publisher.
113
The notes and bibliography system. It is preferred by many working
in the humanities, including literature, history, and the arts. Sources are cited in numbered footnotes or endnotes. Each note corresponds to a raised (superscript) number
in the text. Sources are also usually listed in a separate bibliography.
1
Introduction
Smoking is among bad habits which reflect young people’s addictive practice
with regards to negative behavior. In this respect adolescents can become smokers of
traditional or electronic cigarettes and cigars in addition to smokeless tobacco users.
This trend indicates that adult smokers tend to start before they turn eighteen, and sta-
tistics proves that “14% of high school students smoke cigarettes, 13% smoke cigars,
and 6% use [smokeless tobacco]”1. Addiction to traditional and electronic cigarettes
derives from availability of tobacco products for sale, peer group influences and most
importantly advertising.
_____________________
1
Portnoy, David B. et al., “Youth Curiosity about Cigarettes, Smokeless To-
bacco, and Cigars Prevalence and Associations with Advertising,” American Journal
of Preventive Medicine 47, no. 2S1 (2014): S76.
The author-date system. This system is more common in the sciences and social
sciences. Sources are briefly cited in the text, usually in parentheses, by the author’s
last name and year of publication. Each in-text citation matches up with an entry
in a reference list, where full bibliographic information is provided.
114
1
Introduction
Smoking is among bad habits which reflect young people’s addictive practice
with regards to negative behavior. In this respect adolescents can become smokers
of traditional or electronic cigarettes and cigars in addition to smokeless tobacco us-
ers. This trend indicates that adult smokers tend to start before they turn eighteen, and
statistics proves that “14% of high school students smoke cigarettes, 13% smoke ci-
gars, and 6% use [smokeless tobacco]” (Portnoy 2014, 76). Addiction to traditional
and electronic cigarettes derives from availability of tobacco products for sale, peer
group influences and most importantly advertising.
Block quotations, also known as extracts, refer to pieces of more than
100 words. They take no quotation marks. It is necessary to indent these quotations
with the word processor’s indention tool.
1
Introduction
Smoking is among bad habits which reflect young people’s addictive practice
with regards to negative behavior. In this respect adolescents can become smokers
of traditional or electronic cigarettes and cigars in addition to smokeless tobacco us-
ers. This trend indicates that adult smokers tend to start before they turn eighteen, and
statistics proves the following:
Past month tobacco use data show that 1% of high school students smoke ciga-
rettes, 13% smoke cigars, and 6% use SLT. In addition to SES, norms, peer in-
fluence, access to tobacco, and many other factors, media and advertising play
a strong role in youth initiation. These factors may lead to tobacco initiation
115
through increasing curiosity, leading to susceptibility, which in turn may lead
to experimentation and established use. Susceptibility signals likelihood of tobac-
co experimentation and established use through developing beliefs about future
smoking. Curiosity indicates interest, even in the absence of intentions to use it.
Curiosity can lead to attention to behavior-relevant stimuli, such as advertising,
as well as impulsive behavior (Portnoy 2014, 76–77).
References. It is necessary to label the comprehensive list of sources “Bibliog-
raphy” (for notes and bibliography style) or “References” (for author-date style).
Writers should leave two blank lines between “Bibliography” or “References” and
the first entry. One blank line should be left between remaining entries. Entries
should be listed in letter-by-letter alphabetical order according to the first word
in each entry.
It is recommended to use “and,” not an ampersand, “&,” for multi-author
entries. For two to three authors, all names should be written out. For four to ten
authors, it is necessary to write out all names in the bibliography but only the first
author’s name plus “et al.” in notes and parenthetical citations. When a source has
no identifiable author, writers should cite it by its title, both on the references page
and in shortened form (up to four keywords from that title) in parenthetical citations
throughout the text. Writers should present publishers’ names in full and provide
DOIs instead of URLs whenever possible.
6
References
Duke, Jennifer C., Youn O. Lee, Annice E. Kim, Kimberly A. Watson, Kristin Y. Ar-
nold, James M. Nonnemaker, and Lauren Porter. “Exposure to Electronic Cig-
arette Television Advertisements among Youth and Young Adults.” Pediatrics
134, no. 1 (2014): e29-e36. doi:10.1542/peds.2014-0269
116
Kim, Annice E., James M. Nonnemaker, Brett R. Loomis, Asma Baig, Edward Hill,
John W. Holloway, Matthew C. Farrelly, and Paul R. Shafer. “Influence of
Tobacco Displays and Ads on Youth: A Virtual Store Experiment.” Pediatrics
131, no. 1 (2013): e88-e95. doi:10.1542/peds.2012-0197
Portnoy, David B., Charles C. Wu., Cindy Tworek, Jiping Chen, and Nicolette Borek.
“Youth Curiosity about Cigarettes, Smokeless Tobacco, and Cigars Preva-
lence and Associations with Advertising.” American Journal of Preventive
Medicine 47, no. 2S1 (2014): S76-S86. doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2014.04.012
For additional information go to
https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/chicago_manual_17th_edition/cmo
s_formatting_and_style_guide/periodicals.html.
117
МЕТОДИЧЕСКИЕ УКАЗАНИЯ
ПО САМОСТОЯТЕЛЬНОЙ РАБОТЕ
Учебное издание «Деловая корреспонденция для экономистов и менеджеров» также может использоваться в ходе организации аудиторной и внеаудиторной самостоятельной работы студентов. Методические указания по самостоятельной работе направлены на совершенствование процесса овладением
языком письменного экономического и управленческого дискурса, на дальнейшее освоение форм деловой коммуникации и речевого этикета в письменном
иноязычном общении. Данные указания также содействуют развитию умений
грамотно и эффективно пользоваться иноязычными источниками информации
для представления экономических изменений и изменений в деловом сообществе. В свою очередь, представленные руководства способствуют дальнейшему
овладению навыками продуцирования письменных речевых произведений в соответствии с коммуникативной задачей, предполагающей анализ направлений
развития экономики и управления.
Указанные задачи воплощены в формулировках заданий в соответствии
с разделами каждой главы:
1. Задания, которые вводят в тему в письменном экономическом и управ-
ленческом дискурсе (Starting out):
a) Read the following information.
b) Look at some examples of ...
c) Look at the tasks below and decide which ones require ...
d) Look at ... and choose the correct explanation.
e) Explain what ... is.
f) Say which ideas are typical of business writing.
g) State which piece of writing below is ...
h) Choose the correct statement ....
i) Choose the correct definitions of ...
j) What are the main features of ...?
k) Study ... and decide where you should include the following components.
l) Match the types of ...
m) Find only true statements.
n) What do you know about ...? Correct the false statements.
o) Are ... good or bad?
p) Are the sentences about ... true or false?
q) Discuss the questions.
r) Answer the questions ...
s) What information about yourself can you give ...?
t) Complete the sentences with the expressions ...
u) Choose from the list.
v) What changes would you make in ...?
118
w) Match types of ... to their descriptions.
x) Place them in the correct order.
y) Analyse ... and arrange the main elements of its ... in the logical order.
2. Работа с письменными формами деловой коммуникации и речевого эти-
кета с целью дальнейшего продуцирования письменных речевых произведений
(Practice):
a) Find ... Explain your choice.
b) Which paragraph about ... sounds more convincing?
c) Name the components ... in ...
d) Define the style of ...
e) Which recommendations to describe ... are the best?
f) Look at ... and match its components ...
g) Match the essential elements of the ...
h) Study useful phrases for ... Find one more example for each heading.
i) Which words and expressions ... define ...?
j) Decide the purpose of each paragraph in ... Which paragraph is intended to ....?
k) Decide how ... differ from ... State which statements about ... are true.
l) Read ... and answer the questions.
m) Briefly discuss these questions based on ...
n) Some information in ... is missing. Ask questions ... to find out this
information.
o) Label ...
p) Choose the best conclusion from the ones below.
q) Match the beginning with the correct ending.
r) Match the functions ... and useful language for ...
s) Match the linking words found in ... to their functions.
t) Describe the ... layout. Match the parts of ... to the layout components.
u) How would you begin and finish ...? Write the opening and closing phrases.
v) Read the example sentences and paragraphs. Name the structural part of ...
w) Read ... and number these sections in the order they appear in ...
x) Read ... and put it into the correct order.
y) Put the words in the sentences into the correct order.
z) Arrange the following components of ... in the logical order.
aa) What does writing ... involve? Place these ideas in the logical order.
bb) Complete ...
cc) Complete ... with suitable words.
dd) Complete ... by writing a word or phrase from the box in each gap ...
ee) Complete ... on behalf of ...
ff) Look at useful phrases for ... Complete the table below with words and
phrases from the box.
gg) Read …. Find and correct the mistake in each numbered line.
hh) In most lines, there is one wrong word. Delete the wrong word and write
the correct word. Some lines are correct. If the line is correct, put a tick (√).
119
ii) Rewrite the ... and correct the mistakes in spelling, punctuation and grammar.
jj) Summarise these extracts from ... using appropriate verbs from the box.
kk) Write ...
ll) Write ..., using this information.
mm) You are the manager of a small team. Write ..., using the notes below.
nn) Choose one of the news items and write ... of about ... words. Use the extra
tips ... below to help you.
3. Контроль освоения языком экономического и управленческого дискурса,
принятом в письменном иноязычном общении (Review):
a) Tick the statements which are true.
b) Decide which statements are true.
c) Find correct statements relevant to ...
d) Find true statements about ...
e) Choose the correct statements about ...
f) Decide on the correct statements about ...
g) Are the sentences about writing ... true or false?
h) Check what you know about ... Find true statements and correct the false ones.
i) Look at this advice about writing ... Which statements do you agree with?
j) Find more formal phrases.
k) Label the parts of ...
l) Name the structural part of ...
m) Match the components of …
n) Match ... to their explanations.
o) Match the recommendations to write efficient ...
p) Match each section of ... with the correct title.
q) Decide the best order for the sections ...
r) Read ... and put the sentences in the right order.
s) Arrange parts of ... in the correct place.
t) Place each part of ... in the correct order.
Использование разнообразных форм самостоятельной работы позволяет
студентам овладеть языком письменного экономического и управленческого
дискурса; основами письменных форм деловой коммуникации и речевого этикета в письменном иноязычном общении; умениями грамотно и эффективно
пользоваться иноязычными источниками информации для представления экономических изменений и изменений в деловом сообществе; навыками продуцирования письменных речевых произведений в соответствии с коммуникативной задачей, предполагающей анализ направлений развития экономики
и управления.
Расположение материала учебного пособия жестко не регламентирует
этапность его использования в ходе аудиторной и внеаудиторной самостоятельной работы, что дает возможность преподавателю самому определять порядок изучения и время, необходимое для освоения того или иного явления.
120
ОТВЕТЫ К ЗАДАНИЯМ
Chapter 1
Notes
Ex. 1.4
Ex. 1.5
Ex. 1.7
1, 2
1 on; 2 in; 3 at; 4 in; 5 at, on; 6 at, near
2, 3, 5
Messages
Ex. 1.8
Ex. 1.11
Ex. 1.13
Ex. 1.15
1
1 E; 2 B; 3 F; 4 H; 5 C, D; 6 A, G
1 C; 2 D; 3 B; 4 A; 5 E
2, 3, 4
Memos
Ex. 1.17.
3. To inform the staff about preparations for the International Food and Drink
Event in London.
Ex. 1.20.
1. A time management skills course.
2. To keep the day clear and keep their mobiles switched off during the sessions.
3. The employees should speak to their manager and inform security about
the access.
4. They should settle all outstanding stationery bills with BEC Office Supplies
by the end of the week.
5. To present the decisions taken during their discussion in a yesterday’s meeting.
Ex. 1.21.
1 C; 2 D; 3 B; 4 E; 5 A.
Ex. 1.22.
1) must make;
2) 30;
3) is prohibited;
4) if staff have a written letter from their line manager;
5) must present;
6) claims will be refused;
7) are not allowed;
8) must;
9) may;
10) flying long distance;
11) must use economy class;
12) must not;
13) are prohibited.
Соседние файлы в предмете [НЕСОРТИРОВАННОЕ]