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Теория вероятностей и математическая статистика на базе Maple. Лабораторный практикум. Учебное пособие

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ǧǧǾǬǷǴȆDZǭǧǾǬǷǴȆDZ
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ǺȞȌȈȔȕȌȖȕȘȕȈȏȌ
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ɍȾɄ  ȻȻɄ 
ɑ
Ɋɟɰɟɧɡɟɧɬɵ
ɤɚɮɟɞɪɚɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɢɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɨɫɧɨɜɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɬɢɤɢȻȽȺɋ
ɤɚɧɞɢɞɚɬɮɢɡɢɤɨɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɧɚɭɤɞɨɰɟɧɬɤɚɮɟɞɪɵɮɢɡɢɤɢɢɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɤɢ
ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɚɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣȻȽɍɂɊ Ⱥ. Ⱥ. ȿɪɦɨɥɢɰɤɢɣ
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   ɑɟɪɧɹɤȺȺ
ɑ  Ɍɟɨɪɢɹɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɟɣɢɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɤɚɧɚɛɚɡɟ0DSOHɅɚ
ɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɣɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɭɦɭɱɟɛɧɨɟɩɨɫɨɛɢɟȺȺɑɟɪɧɹɤɀȺɑɟɪɧɹɤ± Ɇɨɫɤɜɚȼɨɥɨɝɞɚɂɧɮɪɚɂɧɠɟɧɟɪɢɹ±ɫɢɥɬɚɛɥ
,6%1
ɋɨɞɟɪɠɢɬɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɟɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɩɨ ɬɟɨɪɢɢ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɟɣɂɡɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɯɪɚɛɨɬ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸɢɡɴɹɬɵ ɚɛɫɬɪɚɤɬɧɵɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɵ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɧɧɵɟɢɫɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɧɚ ɡɚɤɪɟɩɥɟ ɧɢɟɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɧɚɜɵɤɨɜ ɨɩɟɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦɢ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚɦɢ ɢ ɩɨɬɨɦɭɛɨɥɟɟɩɨɞ ɯɨɞɹɳɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɣ ȼɦɟɫɬɨ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɛɥɢɡɤɢɟɤɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɡɚɞɚɱɢɪɟɲɟɧɢɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɛɟɡɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɧɨɝɨɦɨɞɟ ɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɉɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɷɦɩɢɪɢɱɟ ɫɤɨɟɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɟɤɥɸɱɟɜɵɯ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɣ ɬɟɨɪɢɢ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɟɣ Ɉɛɟɫɩɟɱɢ ɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɝɥɭɛɨɤɨɟ ɭɫɜɨɟɧɢɟ ɪɹɞɚ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɧɨɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɣ ɢɯ ɩɪɨ ɩɟɞɟɜɬɢɤɚɧɚɛɚɡɟɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɧɨɝɨɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
Ⱦɥɹɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣ ȼɈ ɢɋɉɈ ɢɡɭɱɚɸɳɢɯ ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɭ ©Ɍɟɨɪɢɹ ɜɟɪɨɹɬ ɧɨɫɬɟɣɢɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɤɚª
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
ǸǵǫǬǷǭǧǴǯǬ
ǩȉȌȋȌȔȏȌ
DzȇȈȕȗȇșȕȗȔȇȦȗȇȈȕșȇǸșȇșȏȘșȏȞȌȘȑȇȦȏȊȌȕȓȌșȗȏȞȌȘȑȇȦ ȉȌȗȕȦșȔȕȘșȏ
DzȇȈȕȗȇșȕȗȔȇȦȗȇȈȕșȇǶȒȕșȔȕȘșȏȔȌȖȗȌȗȢȉȔȢȜȘȒȚȞȇȐȔȢȜ ȉȌȒȏȞȏȔȏȚȘȒȕȉȔȢȌȉȌȗȕȦșȔȕȘșȏ
DzȇȈȕȗȇșȕȗȔȇȦȗȇȈȕșȇǵȘȔȕȉȔȢȌȎȇȑȕȔȢȗȇȘȖȗȌȋȌȒȌȔȏȦ
DzȇȈȕȗȇșȕȗȔȇȦȗȇȈȕșȇdzȇșȌȓȇșȏȞȌȘȑȕȌȕȍȏȋȇȔȏȌȏȋȏȘȖȌȗȘȏȦ
DzȇȈȕȗȇșȕȗȔȇȦȗȇȈȕșȇǻȚȔȑȝȏȏȘȒȚȞȇȐȔȢȜȉȌȒȏȞȏȔ
DzȇȈȕȗȇșȕȗȔȇȦȗȇȈȕșȇǮȇȑȕȔȈȕȒȣȟȏȜȞȏȘȌȒȏȝȌȔșȗȇȒȣȔȇȦ ȖȗȌȋȌȒȣȔȇȦșȌȕȗȌȓȇ
DzȇȈȕȗȇșȕȗȔȇȦȗȇȈȕșȇǯȔșȌȗȉȇȒȣȔȕȌȕȝȌȔȏȉȇȔȏȌȖȇȗȇȓȌșȗȕȉ ȘȒȚȞȇȐȔȢȜȉȌȒȏȞȏȔ
DzȇȈȕȗȇșȕȗȔȇȦȗȇȈȕșȇǶȗȕȉȌȗȑȇȘșȇșȏȘșȏȞȌȘȑȏȜȊȏȖȕșȌȎ
DzȏșȌȗȇșȚȗȇ

ǩǩǬǫǬǴǯǬ
ɉɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹɬɟɨɪɢɢɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɟɣɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɛɟɡ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɧɨɣ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɤɢ ɋɄɆ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɨɫɜɨɛɨɠɞɚ ɸɬ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɨɬ ɬɪɭɞɨɟɦɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɧɨ ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɪɭɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɬɚɛɥɢɰ ɢ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɨɜ ɩɨɡɜɨ ɥɹɸɬɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɸɫɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟɭɫɢɥɢɹɧɚɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɟɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɜɵɛɨɪɟɦɟɬɨɞɚɟɟɪɟɲɟɧɢɹɢɢɧɬɟɪɩɪɟɬɚɰɢɢɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ
ȼɚɠɧɵɦɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɦ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɭɪɫɚ ɬɟɨɪɢɢɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɟɣɢɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢ ɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟɧɚɢɫ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɋɄɆ ɞɚɸɳɢɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɧɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨ ɝɢɣɜɭɱɟɛɧɨɦɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ
ȼɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɟɜɪɟɦɹɩɨɹɜɢɥɢɫɶɭɱɟɛɧɵɟɩɨɫɨɛɢɹɩɨɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟ ɫɤɢɦɢ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɚɦɫɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦɩɚɤɟɬɚ0DWKFDG>±@ɤɨɬɨ ɪɵɣɧɚɫɟɝɨɞɧɹɲɧɢɣɞɟɧɶɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɨɞɧɢɦɢɡɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜɧɚɜɫɟɯ ɭɪɨɜɧɹɯɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵɉɨɩɭɥɹɪɧɨɫɬɶɷɬɨɝɨɩɚɤɟɬɚɨɛɴɹɫɧɹɟɬɫɹɟɝɨ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸɢɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣɥɟɝɤɨɫɬɶɸɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹȼ>@ ɧɚ ɛɚɡɟ ɤɥɚɫɫɢ ɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɭɱɟɛɧɢɤɚ >@ ɛɵɥɚ ɫɞɟɥɚɧɚ ɩɟɪɜɚɹ ɩɨɩɵɬɤɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ 0DWKFDG ɜɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɧɢɢɬɟɨɪɢɢɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɟɣɈɞɧɚɤɨɷɬɭɩɨɩɵɬɤɭɜɪɹɞɥɢɦɨɠɧɨɫɱɢ ɬɚɬɶɭɫɩɟɲɧɨɣɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɵɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹɜ0DWKFDGɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɟɨɫɧɨɜ ɧɵɟɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢɹɡɵɤɨɜɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹɜɵɫɨɤɨɝɨɭɪɨɜɧɹɫɤɨɪɟɟɨɪɢɟɧɬɢ ɪɨɜɚɧɵɧɚɭɫɜɨɟɧɢɟɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹɦɢɨɛɳɢɯɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɨɜɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦɢɡɚɰɢɢɱɟɦɧɚ ɫɚɦɨɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɛɟɡɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɪɟɲɟɧɢɟɧɟɬɪɢɜɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɟ ɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɧɵɯɡɚɞɚɱ
ȼɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɚɥɶɬɟɪɧɚɬɢɜɵ ɧɚɦɢɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɣ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɭɦ ɜ ɢɧ ɬɟɝɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣɫɪɟɞɟ 0DSOH ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɩɨɬɟɨɪɢɢɜɟ ɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɟɣȿɝɨɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ
ɂɡ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɯɪɚɛɨɬ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɢɡɴɹɬɵ ɚɛɫɬɪɚɤɬɧɵɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɵ ɪɚɫ ɫɱɢɬɚɧɧɵɟɢɫɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɧɚ ɡɚɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɢɟɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɜɵɤɨɜ ɨɩɟɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦɢɮɨɪɦɭɥɚɦɢɢɩɨɬɨɦɭɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɹɳɢɟɞɥɹɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɯɩɪɚɤɬɢ ɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɣ ȼɦɟɫɬɨ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɛɥɢɡɤɢɟ ɤ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɛɟɡɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɧɨɝɨɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ

ɉɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɷɦɩɢɪɢ ɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɤɥɸɱɟɜɵɯ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɣ ɬɟɨɪɢɢ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɟɣ Ɍɚɤɨɣ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɢɬɶ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɡɚɤɨɧɨ ɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢɢɡɚɬɟɦɨɛɥɟɱɶɢɯɜɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɭɸɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɭɸɮɨɪɦɭ
Ɉɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɝɥɭɛɨɤɨɟ ɭɫɜɨɟɧɢɟ ɪɹɞɚ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɧɨ ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɩɨɧɹɬɢɣɢɯɩɪɨɩɟɞɟɜɬɢɤɚɧɚɛɚɡɟɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɧɨɝɨɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚ ɧɢɹ
ȼɢɡɭɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɢɡɭɱɚɟɦɵɯ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɢɯ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨ ɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɩɪɟɞɜɨɫɯɢɬɢɬɶ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɜɫɟ ɜɚɠɧɟɣɲɢɟ ɬɟɨɪɟɦɵ ɬɟɨɪɢɢ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɟɣ
ǧșȌȖȌȗȣȑȗȇșȑȕȕșȕȓȑȇȑȖȕȒȣȎȕȉȇșȣȘȦȋȇȔȔȕȐȑȔȏȊȕȐ
ȼɫɟ ɦɨɞɭɥɢ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɧɚ 0DSOH ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵ ɧɚ ɫɚɣɬɟ ɢɡɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ LQIUDHUX ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ Ⱦɨɫɬɭɩ ɤ ɧɢɦɱɟɪɟɡ ɩɚɪɨɥɶ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɟɧ ɜɫɟɦɱɢɬɚɬɟɥɹɦ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɤɧɢɝɢɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɧɚɩɢɫɚ ɧɵɜɨɞɧɨɣɢɡɪɚɧɧɢɯɜɟɪɫɢɣ0DSOHɛɟɡɤɚɤɢɯɥɢɛɨɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɢɡɥɢɲɟɫɬɜɢ ɩɨɬɨɦɭɛɟɡɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɪɟɚɥɢɡɭɸɬɫɹɜɨɜɫɟɯ ɩɨɡɞɧɢɯɜɟɪɫɢɹɯɟɫɥɢɧɟɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ ɨɞ ɧɨɪɚɡɨɜɨɝɨ ɜɫɩɥɵɜɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɩɪɟɞɭɩɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɨ ©ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɯ ɜɟɪɫɢɣ Mapleªɩɪɢɩɟɪɜɨɦɡɚɩɭɫɤɟ
Ȼɨɥɟɟ ɬɨɝɨ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɫɚɣɬ ɢɡɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɞɨɫɬɭɩ ɤ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɢɡɪɚɧɧɢɯɜɟɪɫɢɣ0DSOHɞɥɹɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢɧɚɥɢɱɧɨɦɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɟ
ɂɡɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨ ɨɬ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜ ɧɟ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɨɫɨɛɵɯ ɧɚɜɵɤɨɜ ɜɥɚɞɟɧɢɹ 0DSOH ± ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɨ ɫɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɫɟ ɚ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɵ ɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɤ ɩɨɞɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚɦ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɦɫɹ ɜ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɦ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ ɞɟɬɚɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɨɩɢɫɚɧɵ ɜ ɫɚɦɨɦ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɢ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɚ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɜ0DSOHɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɵ
ɋɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɟ ɨɫ ɧɨɜɧɨɝɨɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚɪɢɹ0DSOHɩɨɦɟɪɟɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹɥɚɛɨɪɚ ɬɨɪɧɵɯɪɚɛɨɬ Ȼɨɥɟɟ ɬɨɝɨ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɪɧɵɯ ɧɚɜɵɤɨɜ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚ ɧɢɹɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɟɧɧɵɯɪɚɧɟɟɩɪɢɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɢɹɡɵɤɨɜɜɵɫɨɤɨɝɨɭɪɨɜɧɹɱɢɬɚɬɟɥɢɩɨ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɨ ɧɚɭɱɚɬɫɹ ɞɚɠɟ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɢ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɟ ɦɨɞɭɥɢ0DSOH

DzȇȈȕȗȇșȕȗȔȇȦȗȇȈȕșȇ
ǸǹǧǹǯǸǹǯǾǬǸDZǧȆ
ǯǪǬǵdzǬǹǷǯǾǬǸDZǧȆǩǬǷǵȆǹǴǵǸǹǯ
ǪȗȇțȏȞȌȘȑȕȌȏȎȕȈȗȇȍȌȔȏȌ
ȗȌȎȚȒȣșȇșȕȉȓȕȋȌȒȏȗȕȉȇȔȏȦ
Ⱦɥɹ ɧɚɝɥɹɞɧɨɝɨ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ
ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟɝɪɚɮɢɤɢɜɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢɩɨɥɢɝɨɧɢɝɢɫɬɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ
ɉɪɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɞɢɫɤɪɟɬɧɨɣ ɫ ɜ ɏ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɶ ɩɨɥɢɝɨɧ ɱɚɫɬɨɬ±
ɥɨɦɚɧɧɭɸ ɨɬɪɟɡɤɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɹɸɬ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɬɨɱɤɢ x
ɝɞɟx«xk±ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɫɜɏɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɟɜɩɨɪɹɞɤɟɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɧɢɹn«
n
k
±ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟɱɚɫɬɨɬɵɫɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɢɷɬɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɩɨɹɜɥɹɥɢɫɶɜɯɨɞɟɦɨ
n
k
ɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ȿɫɥɢ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɡɢɬɶ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɬɪɟɡɤɢ ɫ ɞɥɢɧɚɦɢ n
ɢɫɯɨɞɹɳɢɟ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɢɡ ɬɨɱɟɤ x« xkɨɫɢɚɛɫɰɢɫɫɬɨɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɫɹɤɨ-
n
k
ɫɬɵɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɨɥɢɝɨɧspike graph
 n « xk
 «
ȿɫɥɢɢɡɜɟɫɬɟɧɪɹɞɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹɞɢɫɤɪɟɬɧɨɣɫɜɏɬɨɜɡɹɜɜɦɟɫɬɨn
ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɢɫɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɢɫɜɏɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɬɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹx«xk
n
k
«
ɦɨɠɧɨɩɨɫɬɪɨɢɬɶɩɨɥɢɝɨɧ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹɫɜɏ.
ɉɪɢɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɨɣɫ ɜ ɏ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɶ ɝɢɫɬɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ ɱɚ- ɫɬɨɬɧɚɨɫɢɚɛɫɰɢɫɫɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɯɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣɫɜɏɪɚɡɛɢɜɚɟɬɫɹɧɚkɱɚ ɫɬɢɱɧɵɯɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɨɜ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɨɣɞɥɢɧɵ h ɡɚɬɟɦ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɫɹ ɫɬɭɩɟɧɱɚɬɚɹɮɢɝɭɪɚ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɳɚɹɢɡkɩɪɹɦɨɭɝɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹɦɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɫɥɭɠɚɬ ɷɬɢɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɵɟ
n
i
ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɵ ɚ ɜɵɫɨɬɵ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɪɚɜɧɵ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹɦ
ɩɨɩɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɫ ɜ
ɏɜiɣ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɵɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥ ɂɡ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɝɢɫɬɨ
 ɝɞɟ ni±ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚ
h
ɝɪɚɦɦɵɹɫɧɨɱɬɨɨɧɚɩɪɢɛɥɢɡɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɢɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɨɣɫɥɭɱɚɣɧɨɣɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ

ǮȇȋȇȔȏȌ 1 ǵșȑȗȕȐșȌ țȇȐȒ ǶȕȒȏȊȕȔȢǪȏȘșȕȊȗȇȓȓȢPZV ȏ ȉȇȓ ȘșȇȔȚș ȋȕȘșȚȖȔȢ ȖȗȕȝȌȋȚȗȢȋȒȦȖȕȘșȗȕȌȔȏȦȑȕȘșȢȒȣȔȢȜȖȕȒȏȊȕȔȕȉȏȊȏȘșȕȊȗȇȓȓ
 ɉɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɚ Poligon([[x1, p(x1)], [x2, p(x2)], [x3,
p(x3)], ..., [xn, p(xn)]], xmin, xmax) ɫɬɪɨɢɬ ɤɨɫɬɵɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɨ
ɥɢɝɨɧɧɚɨɬɪɟɡɤɟ>[PLQ[PD[@ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɪɹɞ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹɞɢɫɤɪɟɬɧɨɣɫɜ ɡɚɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɫɩɢɫɤɚ ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ [ [  [Q ± ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɜ
ɏ S[
S[  S[Q ± ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ ɫ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɢ ɫ ɜ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɬɷɬɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ
ɏ
ɏ
ȼɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣɧɚɞɞɢɫɤɪɟɬɧɨɣ ɫɜ
ɏɛɵɥɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɵɫɥɟɞɭ
ɸɳɢɟɞɚɧɧɵɟ
ȔȇȈȒȥȋȇȌȓȢȌȎȔȇȞȌȔȏȦ      
ȞȏȘȒȕȗȇȎȑȕșȕȗȕȌȖȗȏȔȏȓȇȒȕȘȣ
ȘȕȕșȉȌșȘșȉȚȥȠȌȌȎȔȇȞȌȔȏȌ
     
ɉɨɫɬɪɨɣɬɟɜɬɟɬɪɚɞɢɤɨɫɬɵɥɶɧɵɣɩɨɥɢɝɨɧɱɚɫɬɨɬɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɦɨɣɫɜɏ. ɉɪɨɜɟɪɶɬɟɫɜɨɣɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɫɩɨɦɨɳɶɸɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɵPoligon
 ɉɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɚ Gistogramma([data],xmin,xmax,k)ɫɬɪɨɢɬ ɝɢɫɬɨ ɝɪɚɦɦɭɧɚɨɬɪɟɡɤɟ>xminxmax@ɡɞɟɫɶN±ɱɢɫɥɨɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɵɯɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɨɜɧɚɤɨ ɬɨɪɵɟ ɪɚɡɛɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɬɪɟɡɨɤ >xminxmax@ [data] ± ɫɩɢɫɨɤ ɢɡ
nɫɥɭɱɚɣɧɵɯ
ɱɢɫɟɥɝɟɧɟɪɢɪɭɟɦɵɯɧɚɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɤɟ>xminxmax@
ȼɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣɧɚɞɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɨɣɫɜ ɞɭɸɳɢɟɞɚɧɧɵɟɧɚɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɟɨɤɚɡɚɥɨɫɶɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɫɜ
ɏɛɵɥɢɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɵɫɥɟ
ɏɧɚɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɟ
± ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣɧɚɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɟ±ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣɧɚɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɟ±  ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɧɚ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɟ   ±  ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɟ   ± ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣɧɚɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɟ±ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ
ɉɨɫɬɪɨɣɬɟ ɜ ɬɟɬɪɚɞɢ ɝɢɫɬɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ ɱɚɫɬɨɬ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɦɨɣ ɫ ɜ ɏ ɉɪɨ ɜɟɪɶɬɟɫɜɨɣɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɫɩɨɦɨɳɶɸɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɵGistogramma

Ⱦɥɹ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɩɢɫɤɚ data ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɧɚ ɤɚɠɞɨɦ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɟ a b ɫɝɟɧɟɪɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɥɭɱɚɣɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɟ ɧɚ ɷɬɨɦ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɱɢɫɟɥ
n ɗɬɨ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɜɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɵ
uniform[a,b]() ɋɝɟɧɟɪɢɪɭɟɦ ɤ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɭ ɨɞɧɨ ɫɥɭɱɚɣɧɨɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ

ɱɢɫɥɨɧɚɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɟ

uniform[2,7]();

ɑɬɨɛɵɫɝɟɧɟɪɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɱɢɫɟɥ ɧɚ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɟ 
nɫɥɭɱɚɣɧɵɯɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢ
a b ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ n ɪɚɡ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɢɦɟ
ɧɢɬɶɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɭuniform[a,b]()ɗɬɨɦɨɠɧɨɫɞɟɥɚɬɶɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɫɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢseqɉɪɢɦɟɪɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹɷɬɨɣɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ
seq(i*2+5,i=2..10);
9,11,13,15,17,19,21,23,25
dzȕȋȌȒȏȗȕȉȇȔȏȌȉȌȗȕȦșȔȕȘșȔȢȜȕȖȢșȕȉ
ȋȒȦȕȖȗȌȋȌȒȌȔȏȦȘșȇșȏȘșȏȞȌȘȑȕȐ ȏȊȌȕȓȌșȗȏȞȌȘȑȕȐȉȌȗȕȦșȔȕȘșȌȐ
ȿɫɥɢ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɹɬɶ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɨɩɵɬ ɪɚɜɧɚɹɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸɱɢɫɥɚɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɣɷɬɨɝɨɢɫɯɨɞɚɤ
Pw
ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦɭɱɢɫɥɭ
ɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɶɸ
ɦɟɠɞɭɢɩɪɢ nofɗɬɨɱɢɫɥɨɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢ-
i
ɢɫɯɨɞɚwi
ȿɫɥɢɱɢɫɥɨɢɫɯɨɞɨɜɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨɨɩɵɬɚɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɬɨɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɨɜɫɟɯɢɫɯɨɞɨɜ : ^
w
w« wn`ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɢɫɤɪɟɬɧɵɦ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨɦ ɢɫɯɨɞɨɜ Ʉɚɠɞɨɟ
ɩɨɞɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɨ
E :ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹɫɥɭɱɚɣɧɵɦ ɫɨɛɵɬɢɟɦɚɫɚɦɢɢɫɯɨɞɵw
ɦɟɧɬɚɪɧɵɦɢɫɨɛɵɬɢɹɦɢ
n ɪɚɡ ɬɨ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚ ɤɚɤɨɝɨɥɢɛɨ ɢɫɯɨɞɚ w
nɛɭɞɟɬɩɪɢɛɥɢɠɚɬɶɫɹɤɧɟ
±ɷɥɟ
i

i
ɋɥɭɱɚɣɧɨɣɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɨɣ ɞɵɞɚɧɧɨɝɨɨɩɵɬɚɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ
ɏɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɦɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɦɢɤɨɬɨɪɨɣɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹɢɫɯɨ
ɞɢɫɤɪɟɬɧɨɣ ɫɥɭɱɚɣɧɨɣ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɨɣɫɜɫɨɨɬɜɟɬ
ɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣɞɚɧɧɨɦɭɨɩɵɬɭ
ȼɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɧɨɣ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɟɣ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɧɚ ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɪɧɵɯ ɫɨɛɵ
ɬɢɣ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɚ ɢɫɯɨɞɨɜ : ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ

Pw
 ɨɬ
i
n
ɜɟɱɚɸɳɚɹ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɧɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɤɢ
  
PE Pw
¦
wE
i
ɟɬɫɹ
ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɞɢɫɤɪɟɬɧɨɣ ɫɥɭɱɚɣɧɨɣ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ɏ ɟɫɥɢ PXE  PE
ɞɥɹɥɸɛɨɝɨɫɨɛɵɬɢɹ
ɞɥɹɥɸɛɨɝɨ ɫɨɛɵɬɢɹ E : ȼɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɧɚɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ ɧɚɡɵɜɚ
i
E :

Pw ¦ ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɱɬɨ
i
i
Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɢɦ ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ
ɝɟɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɢɉɭɫɬɶɢɦɟɟɬɫɹɧɚɩɥɨɫɤɨɫɬɢɧɟ
Gɢɜɧɟɣɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬɫɹɞɪɭɝɚɹɨɛɥɚɫɬɶg ȼ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶG ɛɪɨɫɚɟɬɫɹ
ɧɚɭɞɚɱɭɬɨɱɤɚȼɨɡɧɢɤɚɟɬɜɨɩɪɨɫ ɱɟɦɭ ɪɚɜɧɚ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɨɝɨ ɱɬɨɬɨɱɤɚɩɨɩɚ ɞɟɬ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ
g ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɸ ©ɬɨɱɤɚ ɛɪɨɫɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɭɞɚɱɭ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ Gª
ɩɪɢɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɣ ɫɦɵɫɥ ɛɪɨɲɟɧɧɚɹ ɬɨɱɤɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɨɩɚɫɬɶ ɜ ɥɸɛɭɸ ɬɨɱɤɭ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ
G, ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɶɩɨɩɚɫɬɶɜɤɚɤɭɸɥɢɛɨɱɚɫɬɶɨɛɥɚɫɬɢGɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɚ
ɦɟɪɟ ɷɬɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ± ɞɥɢɧɟ ɢɥɢ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢ ɷɬɭ ɦɟɪɭ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɢɦ mes ɢ ɧɟ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬɟɟɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɢ ɮɨɪɦɵ Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨɷɬɨɦɭɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɸ ɜɟ ɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɶɩɨɩɚɞɚɧɢɹɜɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ
gɪɚɜɧɚ
mes g
mes G
 

ǮȇȋȇȔȏȌ 2 ǮȔȇȓȌȔȏșȇȦ ȖȌȗȌȖȏȘȑȇ ȓȌȍȋȚ ǶȇȘȑȇȒȌȓ ȏ ǻȌȗȓȇ ȑȕșȕȗȇȦ ȖȕȒȕȍȏȒȇ ȔȇȞȇȒȕȘȕȎȋȇȔȏȥșȌȕȗȏȏȉȌȗȕȦșȔȕȘșȏȈȢȒȇȏȔȏȝȏȏȗȕȉȇȔȇȟȌȉȇȒȣȌȋȌdzȌȗȌ²țȗȇȔ ȝȚȎȘȑȏȓȇȗȏȘșȕȑȗȇșȕȓȘȒȢȉȟȏȓȇȎȇȗșȔȢȓȏȊȗȕȑȕȓȉȗȇȎȒȏȞȔȢȌȑȇȗșȕȞȔȢȌȏȊȗȢǫȌ dzȌȗȌȕȈȗȇșȏȒȘȦȑȓȇșȌȓȇșȏȑȇȓȘȖȗȕȘȣȈȕȐȖȕȓȕȞȣȌȓȚȕȖȗȌȋȌȒȏșȣȘȦȉȉȢȈȕȗȌȞȏȘȒȇ m ȉ ȏȊȗȌ ȑȕșȕȗȇȦ ȎȇȑȒȥȞȇȒȇȘȣ ȉ ȖȕȋȈȗȇȘȢȉȇȔȏȏ ȋȉȚȜ ȏȊȗȇȒȣȔȢȜ ȑȕȘșȌȐȏȑȕșȕȗȇȦ ȋȕȒȍȔȇȈȢȒȇȖȕȉșȕȗȦșȣȘȦȘȕȊȒȇȘȕȉȇȔȔȕȌȎȇȗȇȔȌȌȞȏȘȒȕȗȇȎmǺȘȖȌȟȔȢȓȉȤșȕȐȏȊȗȌ ȏȘȜȕȋȕȓȘȞȏșȇȒȕȘȣȖȕȦȉȒȌȔȏȌȋȉȚȜȟȌȘșȌȗȕȑȜȕșȦȈȢȉȕȋȔȕȓȏȎmȏȘȖȢșȇȔȏȐ
 Ⱦɚɣɬɟ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɧɭɸ ɢɧɬɟɪɩɪɟɬɚɰɢɸ ɷɬɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɟ ɞɢɫɤɪɟɬ
ɧɨɟɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨɢɫɯɨɞɨɜɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɪɧɵɯɫɨɛɵɬɢɣɢɡɚɞɚɧɧɭɸɧɚɧɟɦ ɜɟɪɨɹɬ ɧɨɫɬɧɭɸ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɸ ɧɚɣɞɢɬɟ ɚɧɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɨɛɵɬɢɹ
Ⱥ  ©ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ m ɢɫɩɵɬɚɧɢɣ ɩɚɪɚ ɲɟɫɬɟɪɨɤ ɜɵɩɚɞɟɬ ɩɨ ɤɪɚɣɧɟɣ ɦɟɪɟ ɨɞɢɧ
ɪɚɡªɊɟɲɢɬɟɷɬɭ ɡɚɞɚɱɭ ɞɜɭɦɹɫɩɨɫɨɛɚɦɢɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬɞɚɧɧɨɝɨɜɚɦɢɨɩɪɟ ɞɟɥɟɧɢɹɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɚɢɫɯɨɞɨɜ
ɈɬɤɪɨɣɬɟɮɚɣɥɁɚɞɚɱɚɞɟɆɟɪɟPZVɧɚɪɚɛɨɱɟɦɥɢɫɬɟɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɧɨɝɨɩɚ

ɤɟɬɚ0DSOHɜɵɧɚɣɞɟɬɟɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɭ

deMere:=proc(n,m)
local roll,successes,i,rolls,outcome:
roll:=rand(1..6):
successes:=0:
for i from 1 to n do
rolls:=0: outcome:=0:
while (outcome<>12 and rolls<>m) do
outcome:=roll(): outcome:=outcome+roll():
rolls:=rolls+1: od:
if outcome=12 then successes:=successes+1 fi:
od:
lprint(`ɱɢɫɥɨ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɵɯ ɢɫɯɨɞɨɜ =`,successes);
lprint(`ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɵɯ ɢɫɯɨɞɨɜ =`,evalf(successes/n));
end:
ɉɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɚ ɧɢɹɞɜɭɯɢɝɪɚɥɶɧɵɯɤɨɫɬɟɣ
deMere(n,m ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɭɟɬ ɨɩɵɬ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɛɪɚɫɵɜɚ
mɪɚɡɩɪɢɷɬɨɦn±ɱɢɫɥɨɩɨɜɬɨɪɟɧɢɣɨɩɵɬɚɂɫɯɨɞ
ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɭɫɩɟɲɧɵɦɟɫɥɢ ɯɨɬɹ ɛɵɨɞɢɧɪɚɡɜɵɩɚɞɭɬɨɛɟɝɪɚɧɢ Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɜɵɜɨɞɢɬɫɹɱɚɫɬɨɬɚɭɫɩɟɲɧɵɯɢɫɯɨɞɨɜ
Ɇɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɥɢɲɶ ɩɪɢɛɥɢɠɟɧɧɨ ɨɰɟɧɢɬɶ ɢɫɤɨɦɭɸ ɜɟɪɨɹɬ ɧɨɫɬɶ ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɱɢɫɥɚ
n ɩɨɜɬɨɪɟɧɢɣ ɨɩɵɬɚ
ɉɪɢɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɢɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɨɣɬɟɨɪɟɦɵɜɵɭɡɧɚɟɬɟɜɢɞɷɬɨɣɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨ ɫɬɢȼɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢɛɭɞɟɬɞɨɤɚɡɚɧɨɱɬɨɫ
ɫɢɬɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ'ɩɪɢ
n t'
ɣɧɚɞɟɠɧɨɫɬɶɸɨɲɢɛɤɚɧɟɩɪɟɜɵ
ɋ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɵ deMere ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɟ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ
ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚ m ɩɪɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɵɢɝɪɵɲɚ ɲɟɜɚɥɶɟ ɞɟ Ɇɟɪɟ ɩɪɟɜɵɫɢɥɚ ɛɵ  ɉɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɧɚɣɞɢɬɟ ɧɚɢɦɟɧɶɲɟɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ n ɩɪɢɤɨɬɨɪɨɦɫɣ ɧɚɞɟɠɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɱɬɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶ ɬɚɬɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹɨɬɥɢɱɚɟɬɫɹɨɬɢɫɬɢɧɧɨɝɨɧɟɛɨɥɟɟɱɟɦɧɚ

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