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Файл:Теоретическая грамматика = THEORETICAL GRAMMAR. Учебное пособие
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5) He went back to bed feeling emptiness.
6) I felt…..real fear as I watched Robert sufferings.
7) He spoke of it with ….boyish eagerness.
8) ….doubt is ….essence of excitement.
9) He enjoyed ….warmth of her approval.
10) He arranged everything with….competence.
11) He observed his guest with….amused detachment.
12) A look of ….joy came into his eyes.
13) ….humour teaches ….tolerance.
14) My rst inclination was not to give it …..serious attention.
15) He was sorry to leave his friend in….poverty.
16) In ….. acute distress I turned to …..window.
1. What are the two main parts of grammatical structure?
2. Analyze different approaches to the denition of syntax.
3. What are the main components of the syntactic level of the language?
4. What are the main features of a syntactic level units?
5. Dene syntactic meaning, syntactic form and syntactic function.
6. What are the main types of syntagmatic relations?
7. What are the main differences of syntagmatic relations of subordination
and coordination?
8. In what way primary and secondary predication differ?
9. What are the main syntactic theories?
10. What is meant by Communicative Syntax?
Syntax, syntagmatic, word-group, text, phrase, syntactic meaning,
syntactic form, syntactic function, coordination, subordination, (a)symmetric
coordination, predication, pragmatics.
1. Mysteriously joyful, she went to open the door.
2. The spring came richly and the hills lay deep in grass.
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3. I see – Mr. Rochester sitting here, a book and a pencil in his hand;
he is writing.
4. She looked rst at me, then at the painted lady.
5. Soames waited breathless at the top of the stairs.
6. Who and what he was Martin never learned.
7. Stella had been brought up in an orphanage, which my mother seemed
to feel was somehow her own fault.
8. One might write a book concerning our ight from the chicken farm
into town.
9. They probably try to imagine what it’s like living on a barge in the
middle of a city.
10. When I am on trial, I will frequently arrive home at 11 p.m. to nd
Barbara waiting for me in her housecoat, my dinner warm.
11. With my tuition deducted from a starting teacher’s salary, we
approached the bureaucratic standards for recognized poverty.
12. I found it for the present inexplicable.
1. I waited. 2. He paused. 3. He bought. 4. Tulips are grown. 5. My
mother took. 6. The doctor treated. 7. The teacher treated. 8. She arrived. 9.
The dishes clank. 10. She envied.
1. “Well, honey, so long as we keep out of it, what do we care who wins?”.
2. “Why don’t you break down, Dr. Craig, and ask for another cup?”.
3. “Go on, kid me”, the girl said. “I wasn’t kidding you”.
4. I’ll thank you to stop bothering me.
5. Joke people and you make enemies.
6. “My dear, it’s a subject we don’t talk about”.
7. “You have a husband?” “Pardon?” – says Rennie. The question has
caught her by surprise; nobody she knows asks it any more.
8. How can you laugh, Harry? Such a horrid sight!.
9. “Are you expecting somebody?”.
10. I wonder why you never answered her letter.
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1) N+V
2) N+V+N
3) D+N+V+V+P+D+N
4) D+N+V+D+N+P+D+N
5) D+V+NEG+V+C+D+V+V+D+N
6) D+Adv+V
7) Adv+N+V+D+N h N+Adv+V+D+N
8) N+V+D+N+Adv
9) V+
D+Adv+V+P+N
10) N+V+P+D+N+P+D+A+N
11) D+A+N+P+D+N+V+Adv+A
12) N+P+N+V+A+N
13) N+V+D+C+D+V+Adv+V+P+N
14) D+A+N+V+D+A+N
15) D+N+V+A
1. What is a phrase? How is it dened by different scholars?
2. What are the narrow and wide approach to the understanding of
phrase?
3. What is the main difference between a phrase and a sentence?
4. What are the main structural types of phrases?
5. What criterion the traditional classication of phrases is based on?
6. What are the main characteristic features of a sentence?
7. Dene the main idea of a category of predication.
8. What is understood by the modality of a sentence?
9. What is understood by an actual division of a sentence?
10. What are the theme and the rheme? How can they be differentiated?
Idiom, word combination, phrase, sentence, subordinate phrase, theme,
rheme.
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1) “The timbered cottage with its sloping, cloak-like roof was old and
forgotten. It belonged to the old England of hamlets and yeomen. Lost all
alone on the edge of the common, at the end of a wide, grassy, briar-entangled
lane shaded with oak, it had never known the world of today. Not till Egbert
came with his bride. And he had come to ll it with owers”.
2) “Whereupon he lay down sullenly and allowed the crate to be lifted
into a wagon. Then he, and the crate in which he was imprisoned, began a
passage through many hands. Clerks in the express ofce took charge of
him; he was carted about in another wagon; a truck carried him, with an
assortment of boxes and parcels, upon a ferry steamer; he was trucked off
the steamer into a great railway depot, and nally he was deposited in an
express car”.
3) “She ought to taken those cakes”, Kate says. I could have used the
money real well. But it's not like they cost me anything except the baking. I
can tell him that anybody is likely to make a miscue, but it's not all of them
that can get out of it without loss, I can tell him. It's not everybody can eat
their mistakes, I can tell him. Someone comes through the hall. It is Darl”.
.
1. “Well, honey, so long as we keep out of it, what do we care who wins?”.
2. “Why don’t you break down, Dr. Craig, and ask for another cup?”.
3. “Go on, kid me”, the girl said. “I wasn’t kidding you”.
4. I beg you to stop bothering me.
5. Joke people and you make enemies.
6. “My dear, it’s a subject we don’t talk about”.
7. “You have a husband?” “Pardon?”- says Rennie. The question has
caught her by surprise.
8. How can you laugh, Harry? Such a horrid sight!
9. “Are you expecting somebody?”.
10. I wonder why you never answered her letter.
1. It was a different scene I came on.
2. But how mistaken I was about her soon became clear.
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3. She was thrift itself. Mending. Patching.
4. But even though we love you we can’t make you happy. Only you
can do this.
5. Trade with this vast and developing country could provide jobs so badly
needed by our people. With trade could go friendship and understanding.
7. But before he reached it the door opened and out into the bright Italian
sunshine stepped Evelyn Coate.
8. It was an hour before the rst shark hit him.
9. True love I had never had in my life.
10. With a little ash of triumph, she lifted a pair of pearl ear-rings from
the small box.
11. It’s the people who aren’t scared who die young.
1. It was Melina I particularly wanted to see.
2. Who does it actually belong to now?
3. Baxter Dowes he knew and disliked.
4. It was his look that frightened me.
5. You and only you can help me out of this terrible mess.
1. Sometimes a pizza delivery will be arranged.
2. A look passed between Lily and myself.
3. An old man sat in the rocking chair reading a newspaper.
4. It isn’t only Lily Ann that disturbs me.
5. Дверь распахнулась в комнату ворвался свежий ветер.
6. Нашу конференцию посетили многие ученые из российских и
зарубежных университетов.
7. Он позвонил мне только через неделю.
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1. What are the differences between a phrase and a sentence?
2. What syntactic relations are found in a phrase?
3. Give definition of a sentence taking into account its semantic,
structural and pragmatic aspects.
4. What communicative types of sentences can be pointed out?
5. What is the difference between a simple and a composite sentence?
6. What is understood by a compound and a complex sentence?
7. What is the essence of the Theory of Actual division of a sentence?
8. What parts of a sentence can be distinguished taking into account
such aspect as Actual division of a sentence?
9. Explain the difference and point out the main characteristics of a
simple, complex and compound sentences.
Syntax, phrase, subordination, coordination, declarative sentence,
imperative sentence, interrogative sentence, simple sentence, composite
sentense, compound sentence, complex sentence.
Have been xed, on Mondays, a variant of the harvest, your eyes, seemed
expensive, taking a trolley, by having dinner, lump of coal, sometimes
arrange, the 21st century’s greatest adventurers, full of advantages, small,
festive, excited Santa-assistants.
John’s rabbit; spoke up quickly; the then government; completely
forgotten in the West; hit in the head with a frozen duck; went into town; a
beautiful girl; dominates syntactically; to see him; young college student; a
nice dress; visited her friends; opportunities to walk around; across bay; the
old military base; will presumably receive; expected to slide; underneath a
Christmas tree; helping a charity for poor children; family friend.
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A big bright green pleasure machine, without taking off your shoes,
immensely proud of us, may be going away, luckily for us, born in hatred,
to speak the truth, very quickly, as fast as possible, quite big, very softly,
speak English, that doggy in the window, bored with the lm, my cousin
Janet, was eating cream cakes, noticeably evil, in a low register, his way of
eating jellybeans, moving quickly but stealthily, to commemorate events,
the lives lost, decorated with, to y around, typically spherical, groups of
young blind people, more easily.
Less energy, their fortunes, a few people, cold weather, his amazing
journey, thousands of people, another group, regional tests, original question,
big companies, movie industry, many years, a couple of dozen wooden
buildings, a hundred years, the biggest importer, less gas, cheap gasoline,
smaller cars, his degree.
1) One of the most closely-scrutinised parts of the trade deal will be
what it says about shing, despite it being a very small part of the UK and
EU economies.
2) The Academy has a host of virtual ceremonies, such as this year’s
Emmy Awards, to draw on for inspiration should it need to go online, or
create a hybrid event.
3) “What I really like about this home is the covered terraces,” Mr.
Carroll said. Along with the 18,359 square feet of interior space, you have
“thousands of square feet of covered terraces.”
4) “The battlements on the roof terraces are an unmistakable testimony
of that Medieval age,” Ms. Giorgolo said. “In Renaissance and Baroque
periods, the building passed through rural uses, becoming eventually the
mansion of the most important noble families ruling in the region”.
5) The official residence of the prime minister, known simply as
Number 10 and instantly recognizable for its black facade and front door,
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is in Westminster, close to both Buckingham Palace and the Palace of
Westminster, where parliament meets.
6) In some respects, it stuck to a familiar Real Housewives-like template
of bitching and weaponised glamour but its USP was in the background to
that: the parade of vast, characterless, and mysteriously over-bathroomed
mansions and compounds we got to view, complete with price and basic
listing info, as if we could be among the prospective buyers.
1) Facts are stubborn things.
2) You really think so?
3) What silly things you say!
4) Divide and rule.
5) Did he surprise me!
6) I never eat meat.
7) Hurry up!
8) Why haven’t you done it yet?
9) You are joking!
10) The exception proves the rule.
1) There was silence in the room.
2) Ha had a wide mouth, magnicent teeth and very good manners.
3) The Golden Gate Bridge holds the title of one of the Wonders of the
Modern World.
4) The neck is the long body part that connects the head to the chest
and the stomach.
5) Pupils from our school were used as extras in two of the Harry Potter
lms, which were made in part near Fort William!
6) A tartan is a specic design, a criss-cross of couloured threads, which
is used for ceremonial clothes, such as the kilt or the plaid.
7) The origins of football go back hundreds of years.
8) Every day, a thousand gallons of polluted water go from the factory
into the small river beside Deadsh & Co.
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9) In most developed countries, the situation has improved in the last
40 years.
10) The railway locomotive was invented before the bicycle.
1) He is a doctor.
2) They found John guilty.
3) Don’t mind the mess.
4) Give me the book.
5) Our opinions differ.
6) The sky was cloudless.
7) The rich sweet smell of the hay-ricks rose to his chamber window.
8) Two white swans came majestically by.
9) Another day of fog.
10) Mr. Clark smiled.
1) The man stood up and fell over.
2) My at was burgled.
3) I was kidding. It was just a joke.
4) I’m really sorry.
5) We’re going to get marries next spring.
6) My cousin has temporarily moved into the at downstairs.
7) The trafc’s not moving.
8) You must be kidding.
9) Your voice is truly spectacular.
10. My heart aches to be near you.
1) Bicycles are very useful in developing countries.
2) My aunt’s is a nice place.
3) Between us, I noticed two empty seats.
4) This is not right.
5) Everybody knew it.
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6) All is ne.
7) Nobody saw the boy.
8) Yours is the best plan.
9) Who has seen it?
10) The homeless need more shelters.
11) Five is a good number.
12) The rst and the second listened carefully.
13) To listen to him is always a pleasure.
14) Reading is a useful habit.
1) He knows nothing about it.
2) As a result of global warming, the sea level around the south east
corner of England is expected to rise by 54 cm in just half a century!
3) In those days, the world was a dangerous place.
4) Well, honestly, it’s partly a question of background, partly one of
character.
5) I thought you would like to get a good story.
6) But I swore to myself that Tripp wouldn’t get the dollar.
7). She must have thought the rst person she asked would tell her where
her George was!
8) She was not a good-looking woman.
9) They were in the kitchen when I reached home.
10) As I stood hesitating in the hall, with all this passing through my
mind, Caroline’s voice came again, with a sharper note in it.
1) Kate looked at me and smiled a sad smile.
2) Can you play chess?
3) Jack sent us a lot of presents.
4) Mr. Johnson lived a happy life.
5) Pierre introduced to Mary his brother.
6) Write to me when you have time.
7) That day they fought their last ght.
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