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Файл:Теоретическая грамматика = THEORETICAL GRAMMAR. Учебное пособие
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10) We have waited for you.
11) They should have nished the job by the end of the week.
To take, to work, to have, to walk, to forget, to like, to be, to hesitate,
to function, to read, to strike, to breathe, to love, to eat, to run, to play, to
y, to bring.
1) To live happily is not so hard.
2) Arriving early, they smiled with embarrassment.
3) Eating too much is bad for one’s health.
4) Having been discovered, the thief confessed.
5) Being watched made him nervous.
6) She was praised for her last writing.
7) The man, eager to see what was going on, looked inside.
8) She went to the mountains to meditate.
9) They seemed to have no separate existence, but to have made up their
minds just to winter through life together.
10) I’ll never forget ying over the mountains.
11) She regrets having bought this dress; it doesn’t look nice on her.
12) She seems to have been working all day.
13) The accused denied having stolen the money.
14) My sister must be working in the garden at the moment.
15) In the morning light, she was ashamed of herself for having been
elated the night before.
Produce, develop, bring, grab, perform, possess, receive, ask, give, sing,
arrive, apply, discover, order, shout, beg, store, represent, start, discuss,
display, jog, drive, prefer, study, make, talk, develop, visit, recommend.
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1) To live happily is not so hard.
2) He was pleased to have been recommended.
3) To be living today is not bad.
4) They made her confess.
5) Arriving late, they smiled with embarrassment.
6) Being watched made him nervous.
7) Having been discovered she could only pretend to be nonchalant.
8) Being gloomy was habitual to her.
9) To be watched made me nervous.
10) She was praised for her typing.
11) City life is too busy for me; I really miss living in the country.
1) Perhaps the object of this campaign is to damage the rm.
2) It seemed necessary to speak.
3) She couldn’t bring herself to ask whether what the letters said was true.
4) The only thing to do is to ignore it.
5) It gave us an opportunity to meet many different people.
6) She came in only to nd that Jack had left.
7) He didn’t know how to express his feelings.
8) All she did was to bring this letter.
9) It made me hot to realize that I might have been killed.
1) The woman trying on the red shoes is an actress.
2) We were brought a lot of presents.
3) I wish I were sixteen again.
4) Turn off this terrible music.
5) He had been staying in the hotel for a week when his friends arrived.
6) Give me the book behind you!
7) Trained dogs are used by the police to nd drugs.
8) An electrician is repairing our water heater.
9) She lives in Paris.
10) Do be quiet!
11) I insist that he come here at once.
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12) If only I hadn’t said that!
13) The government has increased the tax on cigarettes.
14) The missing person was located by the private detective.
15) Many people are superstitious about different things.
1) My new dress has been ruined.
2) The door had been locked.
3) Dinner was being served.
4) The Pyramids were built by the ancient Egyptians.
5) The prisoner is being taken to prison now.
6) Lunch should have been served.
7) Oranges are grown in California.
8) He was offered a very interesting job.
9) These documents will be shown to the journalists.
10) Dinner will have been served by the time he gets home.
11) Your clock cannot be repaired.
12) Ann was bitten by a homeless dog.
13) The job will be nished at 3 o’clock.
14) Wait a little, an interesting story is being told by my neighbor.
1) It was very late and the hall door was closed.
2) He was admired for his courage.
3) The hall door was closed behind me as I entered the house.
4) The vase is broken.
5) They were thus introduced by Holly.
6) I was surprised to see Mr. Darcy in town last month.
7) The library door was opened by the butler.
8) He was arrested at the hotel.
9) The door had been already locked when we came.
10) The door was locked when we came.
11) The oor was washed only yesterday.
12) The oor is washed.
13) I am awfully excited today.
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14) Lots of people were obviously moved to tears at the Press show of
that lm.
15) The letter was written yesterday.
1. What is an adverb and what are its main characteristics?
2. What are the main types of the adverbs due to their meaning?
3. What types of adverbs can be distinguished according to their form?
4. What are the main types of the adverbs due to their syntactic function?
5. What is understood by interrogative and relative adverbs?
6. What are the peculiarities of adverbs’ degrees of comparison?
7. What are the main structural patterns of adverbial phrases?
Adverb, simple adverb, derivational adverb, interrogative adverb, relative
(conjunctive) adverb, adverbial phrase.
1. He stood close\closely to the door.
2. You can get the book free\freely.
3. He can explain it clear\clearly.
4. You guessed wrong\wrongly.
5. He opened the dood wide\widely.
6. He has been working hard\hardly.
7. I haven’t been to the theatre much late\lately.
8. I wrong\wrongly assumed that you were my friend.
9. You are doing ne\nely.
10. Take it easy\easily.
11. The kite ew high\highly.
12. He pulled the strings tight\tightly.
13. It was near\nearly midnight.
14. Of all fruit he loved apples most\mostly.
15. They differed wide\widely in opinions.
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16. The car drove up near\nearly to the gate.
17. I will be in short\shortly.
18. He turned round sharp\sharply.
19. They treated him fair\fairly.
20. The foreman cut me short\shortly.
21. She wiped the table clean\cleanly.
22. It was ten o’clock sharp\sharply.
1. I can’t do it (possibly).
2. He has mentioned it (never).
3. Mother is in the kitchen (now).
4. He will be sick of living alone (soon).
5. They all have gone upstairs (presently).
6. She was indifferent to him (entirely).
7. He looked hurt (deeply).
8. He could have managed it (easily).
9. She was trying to explain (simply).
10. They’ve forgotten the time (probably).
11. He knew what was happening (perhaps).
12. I didn’t see him (honestly).
13. He is very happy (obviously).
14. Turning the books over ha looked at the titles (rapidly).
15. We had a nice game (certainly).
16. The idea passed through my mind (idly).
17. She began to cry (hysterically).
18. You can see in people’s thoughts (sometimes, clearly).
1. Give denition of the article. What is its place in the language system?
2. How many articles are there in the English language?
3. What are the main functions of the English articles in general?
4. What are the main functions of the Indenite article?
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5. What are the main functions of the Denite article?
6. What are the main functions of the Zero article?
7. In which situations is the article used as a determiner?
8. How does the article function as the theme-and-rheme marker?
9. When is the article used as a generalizer?
10. When is the article is used as a concretizer?
Article, denite article, indenite article, zero article, theme, rheme.
1) He gave me a message for you.
2) The road past the church was quiet.
3) “Is it true?” “Oh, no. It’s pure imagination”.
4) He closed his eyes. A peculiar weariness came over him.
5) I call it a very mediocre play.
6) I liked pleasure and good things.
7) He wanted to hide the embarrassment he felt at making this speech.
8) With a frankness which brought colour to her cheeks he said, “I
suppose you mean me”.
9) He thinks it’s pure nerves and he’s given me pills. You’d better hope
that the pills do some good.
10) Peter was alone at home enjoying the solitude and the freedom of
the empty house.
11) I don’t know how to talk to children.
12) She put down the cup and got up.
13) There was not a cloud in the sky.
1) She politely avoided all invitations from professional acquaintances.
2) She said good-bye to me and started at the great pace up the chalky
footpath.
3) I think that that is the wrong point of view.
4) To the little girl he was a gure to be feared and avoided.
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5) I took the opportunity of talking with my father for a moment.
6) He shook his head and said: “Well, I suppose young men must ave
their ing”.
7) I couldn’t explain to myself the stunned look in her face.
8) His church doesn’t allow him a second wife.
9) Then he told me in a trembling voice what had happened.
10) He said he would give me a job on the usual terms.
11) He opened the door and saw two men standing on the door-step.
12) She had missed the chance to leave him and he knew it.
13) We stood side by side on the dark and empty pavement.
14) The old people had a chance of welcoming their nephew.
15) The so-called palace stood the test of time magnicently.
16) He is a most amusing companion.
17) She is the laziest woman in this village.
18) I expressed exactly the same point of view myself.
1) I still keep wondering if I’m doing …. right thing.
2) We needed …. house to stay in when we were in London.
3) There are some things….gentlemen can’t do.
4) You are….only person whose opinion is of any value to me ….present
circumstances.
5) He told her he hated …. doctors.
6) They took all….usual measures.
7) He is ….man to deal with it.
8) I now see for myself how….things stand at home.
9) Well, there are ….hundred courses open for you to follow.
10) He didn’t like … idea of staying with them for….other day.
11) She wrote to her mother that …. things were going well.
12) I had brought all my possessions in ….two old suitcases.
13) There was a time when I believed ….people went to….parties to
enjoy themselves.
14) I haven’t ….chance of getting this job anyhow.
15) I don’t believe …. word of it.
16) She gave …. same answer as before.
17) He liked going to ….new places.
18) He was …. most interesting man.
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19) Then I heard ….voice asking if I was in.
20) ….young man listened to….conversation with ….amused smile.
21) My daughter said exactly….same thing.
22) He heard … popular song played by ….dance band on the radio.
1) She began to climb….stairs, which were dark and smelt of cats.
2) I read until breakfast time...novel I had borrowed from Martin.
3) What he said reminded me of ….lm I had seen.
4) There was …. sentence that made sense but had no meaning.
5) She was not… little girl he had known, but she was not yet a woman
either.
6) …..fact that he would have independent means made her feel relieved.
7) It was not ….job that he liked.
8) Without knowing her, I got ….feeling that she was the strongest
person in the family.
9) And then she put forward …. amazing suggestion that she should turn
down the offer and settle in London.
10) She wanted to ll …. wine-glasses which she had received as a
wedding present.
11) I liked reading in ….garden, which was several steps below the
level of the yard.
12) I have ….impression that you don’t trust me.
1) They lived in a two-foot shelter just outside the ofcers’ dug out.
2) He was eager to see Dennis, who was at a boys’ camp somewhere.
3) There were two old men there and they were taken to an old people’s
home.
4) They made a two hours’ journey in a train which stopped at every
station.
5) After a six months’ period of drought it started raining every day.
6) He was a tall young man with a sad clown’s face under stiff red hair.
7) He returned the old woman’s smile.
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8) On the opposite side of the street was the Sharpes’ old car.
9) Have you read Bob’s new novel?
1) … apple … day keeps … doctor away.
2) … appetite comes with eating.
3) … good beginning makes … good ending.
4) … bird in … hand is worth two in … bush.
5) Among … blind … one-eyed man is king.
6) … brevity is … soul of wit.
7) … cat has nine lives.
8) … charity begins at … home.
9) … clothes make … man.
10) … curiosity killed … cat.
1) The two warriors fought together side by the side.
2) I think that was love at the rst sight.
3) The boy set the house on re and tried to escape.
4) The customer asked for a loaf of a bread.
5) The bus was late so I got to work by taxi.
6) You will be working here till the end of time.
7) We tried to contact them by the email.
8) My car broke down, so I went on foot.
9) A strange woman knocked at a front door of a house.
10) Yesterday I bought a set of stories by O’Henry.
1) He took ….doctor’s arm and led him out of the room.
2) They were promised….four days’ rest.
3) She is out visiting….neighbour’s daughter.
4) He sat on the oor stroking….cat’s fur.
5) The theatre had ….three weeks’ ballet season.
6) Very early in my life I was taught not to believe….girl’s tears.
7) …..chief’s remarks left me indifferent.
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8) Then she leaped to one side as….car’s breaks screamed behind her.
9) By…. clown’s grimace on his face I understood that he was suffering.
1) Aunt Laura was the widow of an auctioneer.
2) As it was, she was the best-looking woman there.
3) Jasper was the son of my father’s elder brother.
4) He was a talkative fellow.
5) We were children of our time.
6) Johnson was made secretary of the club.
7) She was the only Liberal in their family.
8) With a face like yours I’d be at least the president of a steel company.
1) Rudy had ….gift of being liked. That was why he had been elected
….president of his class three times in a row.
2) Mr Knight was…..excessively lazy man, who preferred to sit down.
3) It seemed that Aunt Molly had been ….only relative to offer help.
4) I might be...leader of ….party instead of you.
5) I’m going to be….president of this company.
6) This fellow is …. man I want for the job.
7) ….man who wore glasses was…..husband of Mrs Holt.
8) “We are merely…..tourists,” Tom said.
9) “She is …..very silly creature,” he said.
10) She is proud of being …..daughter of … poet.
11) “They’ve made me …..head of the department,” he said.
12) She was ….wife of….clerk in ….Ministry of Education.
1) This thought gave him ….immense satisfaction.
2) When I received the invitation I felt….certain curiosity.
3) There was ….quick, startled wonder in her eyes.
4) He was ashamed of ….harshness that leapt from his tongue.
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