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Файл:Среднее и высшее образование в России (Английский язык) = Secondary and higher education in Russia
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5. Find 10 words in the grid below deal with the theme “School” as in example
C A P R C H E A T L L M T G M B A F Z
R
A Y E S E C K P K P S B R M Q W M A R
K
S O M T O T X S E L B H V D I R Z S V
E
G F V H Q U I P I S C N A E D A Y Z S
S
W J F I X N J N E O R Y K O L T M Z X
N
truant
balls given by a teacher to represent how good someone’s work is
terms
to be successful in an examination
cheat
a period of time in which students are taught
revise
to be unsuccessful during an exam
fail
a group of students or pupils who study together
memorize
to do something dishonest to get something
mark
periods of time the school year is divided
class
to learn and remember something exactly
lesson
a student who stays away from school without permission
pass
to prepare for a test by studying
6. Match each word with its correct definition on the right
Speaking
Remember your school years and discuss the following questions
1. Did you enjoy your school years?
2. Were your teachers strict?
3. Did you have many friends?
4. Did you play any sports or musical instruments during your school years?
5. Did you have any teachers or subjects that you especially liked and disliked?
6. How often did you have to take exams?
7. How did you feel about exams? Did you enjoy or hate them? Did you get
nervous about them?
11
Writing
Write about one of the following subjects:
a. “A Teacher Who Had a Lot of Influence on Me”.
b. “My Memories of School Years”.
12
UNIT II
SCHOOLING IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Reading
1. Look through the new words before reading
Vocabulary
compulsory – обязательный,
complete – заканчивать,
required – обязательное,
determine – определять,
optional – обязательный,
secondary – среднее,
primary – начальное,
pre-school establishment – дошкольное учреждение,
nurseries – ясли,
kindergarten – детский сад,
general school – общеобразовательная школа,
tuition – обучение,
National Exams – ГИА, ЕГЭ,
State Final Attestation – Государственная Итоговая Аттестация,
Secondary Education Certificate – Аттестат о среднем образовании,
higher educational establishment – высшее учебное заведение,
goal – цель,
form – класс,
responsible – ответственный,
grade – класс,
discipline – дисциплина,
class teacher – классный руководитель,
maturation – взросление,
senior forms – старшие классы,
institution – учреждение, заведение,
Unified State Examination – Единый Государственный Экзамен.
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2. Read and translate the text
GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT SCHOOLING IN RUSSIA
In the Russian Federation the school education
is compulsory. Pupils begin to go to school at the age
of six or seven. When they complete 9 grades they can
continue to study at school for 2 more years, or go to a
professional school or a college where they study not
only main subjects but are able to learn some
profession. When pupils leave school they can try to
continue their education in institutes or universities.
Compulsory education refers to a period of
educational attendance required of all students. The period of compulsory education
is often determined by the student’s age.
Eleven-year secondary education in Russia is compulsory since September 1,
2007. Until 2007 it was limited to nine years with grades 10-11 optional.
There are many types of schools in Russia. They are specialized, polytechnic,
musical, art, gymnasiums, lyceums, and others. The secondary educational system in
our country includes primary, secondary and specialized secondary education.
Before going to school Russian children go to pre-school establishments. Pre-
school consists of nurseries and kindergartens. Pre-school education isn't
compulsory – children can get it at home.
Compulsory education is for children from 6(7) to (16)17 years of age.
The main link in the system of education is the general school which prepares
the younger generation for life in modern production. There are various types of
schools: general secondary schools, schools specializing in a certain subject, lyceums
and so on. Tuition in most of them is free of charge but some new types of schools
are fee-paying. The term of study in a general secondary school is 11 years and
consists of primary, middle and upper stages. Schoolchildren are got marks for their
studying in different subjects. In the Russian Federation they can earn such grades
(marks) as: “5” – “excellent”, “4” – “good”, “3” – “satisfactory”, “2” – “bad”. At the
middle stage of a secondary school pupils learn the basic laws of nature and society at
the lessons of History, Algebra, Literature, Physics and many others.
After the 9th and 11th forms students have to pass National Exams (State
Final Attestation). Students who finish the general secondary school receive a
Secondary Education Certificate, giving them the right to enter any higher
educational establishment.
3. Complete the sentences choosing the right variant (a, b, or c)
1. Pupils begin to go to school…
a …at the age of sixteen or seventeen.
b …at the age of six or seven.
c …at the age of sixty or seventy.
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2. When they complete senior forms they can…
a …repeat some years if they need better results.
b…continue their education in institutes or universities.
c …study at school for 2 more years.
3. Pre-school education…
a …is compulsory.
b …is optional.
c …is useless.
4. Tuition in most of schools…
a …is free of charge.
b …is fee-paying.
c …is expensive.
5. After the 11th form students …
a ...may cheat in National Examinations.
b …don’t have to pass National Examinations.
c …must pass National Examinations.
Reading
4. Read and translate the text
PRIMARY EDUCATION IN RUSSIA
Nowadays children in Russia begin their
school career at the age of 6 or 7. Primary
Education lasts from the 1st to the 4th forms (4
years of studying). The goal of Primary
Education is to give basic knowledge and skills
necessary for usual life: Reading, Writing,
Mathematics, and Technology. Besides required
subjects at school there are such subjects as
Music, Physical Training, Drawing, Dancing,
Arts. Nowadays at all schools in Russia pupils
begin studying a foreign language at the second form. Before the year 2005 Foreign
Languages were taught at a primary school only in specialized schools.
There is only one primary school teacher in a class who is responsible for
pupils and usually teaches almost all subjects except Foreign Language, Physical
Training and Music. There is an only classroom where all the subjects are taught
except the subjects which need special equipment. There are 3, 4 or 5 classes a day.
Since1995 primary school pupils study 5 days a week at all schools in our country.
15
5. Complete the sentences by rearranging the letters in CAPITALS to form
a word, as in the example
1. Nowadays children in Russia begin their school CAREER at the age of 6 or
7. EARCER
2. Primary ……… lasts from the 1st to the 4th forms (4 years of studying).
TUCDAIEON
3. The goal of Primary Education is to give basic ……….. and skills
necessary for usual life: Reading, Writing, Mathematics, and Technology.
ENOKEDLWG
4. Besides ……… subjects at school there are such subjects as Music,
Physical Training, Drawing, Dancing, and Arts. RQREIUED
5. Nowadays at all schools in Russia pupils begin studying a foreign
………… at the second form. AELAGUGN
6. Until 2005 …………... Languages were taught at a primary school only in
specialized schools. RFOIGEN
7. There is only one primary school ……….in a class who is responsible for
pupils and teaches almost all subjects except Foreign Language, Physical Training
and Music. ETECAHR
8. There is an only classroom where all the ………. are taught except the
subjects which need special equipment. CUSJSEBT
9. Since 1995 …….. of a primary school study 5 days a week at all schools in
our country. LPUISP
6. Read and translate the texts
SECONDARY EDUCATION (THE MAIN COURSE)
Schoolchildren in Russia begin secondary education (the main course) from the
5th grade and study till the 9th grade. The main course of a secondary school gives
students basic knowledge in some major directions of science. Tuition deals with a
standard subject-classroom system: each subject is taught by a teacher who is a
specialist in one of school disciplines. Each teacher has his own classroom so
students come to his classroom themselves. Besides, there is a class teacher (advisor)
who is also one of school teachers. The class teacher is responsible for his class and
solves administrative and organizing problems deal with students’ studying, bringingup, maturation and out-of-class activities.
There are about 20 subjects at a secondary general school. Among them there
are History, Algebra, Geometry, Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Russian, Literature,
Geography, Foreign Language, Music, Technology, and Physical Training. There are
usually 5-6 lessons a day.
At the end of the 9th grade pupils must pass National Exams. Then students
receive Certificate of General Secondary Education. After that students can continue
their education in the senior forms (the 10th and the 11th forms). Others can enter
colleges and professional institutions.
16
SENIOR FORMS
Noun
Verb
direction
maturation
establishment
Noun
Adjective
professional
education
responsible
science
The two last years of studying are the last stage of a secondary education.
Senior forms (the 10th and 11th forms) prepare students for higher educational
establishments. Students continue to study the subjects they studied at the middle
stage of a secondary school and some new subjects.
At the end of the 11th grade students take National Exams (Unified State
Examinations). Pupils must pass Mathematics and Russian. Taking USE in other
subjects is not required. As a rule, students choose to take the exams in subjects they
need to enter the faculty of the university they have chosen.
Before the year 2009 Russian school graduates could receive golden medals if
they had excellent marks in all subjects. They could receive silver medals if they had
excellent marks in almost all subjects and one good mark. Such students had
privileges when entered higher educational establishments. Since 2009 pupils in
Russia have to take National Examinations. So the privileges had lost a sense and
were abolished. Nowadays graduates are able to receive medals but only to have a
moral satisfaction. However some of higher educational establishments give special
grants to the students who have graduated from school with a medal.
After passing USE graduates receive Certificate of Full Secondary Education.
There are the marks in all school subjects.
Word Building
7. Read the text “Secondary Education (the Main Course)” and the text “Senior
Forms” again and find the words from the tables below in them. Using your
dictionary make the other parts of speech to fill in the gaps
17
Speaking
8. Make an oral presentation about schooling in Russia
Additional Reading
1. Look through the new words before reading
Vocabulary
preliminary – вступительный,
consist – состоять,
contain – содержать,
briefly – кратко,
check – проверять,
committee – комитет (комиссия).
2. Read and translate the text
NATIONAL EXAMINATIONS IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
National Exam (Unified State Examination) is a final exam for school
graduates in the Russian Federation. It is the exam that every student must pass after
graduation from school to enter a university or a professional college. Since 2009
National Exams are the only form of graduation examinations from schools and the
main form of preliminary examinations to universities in Russia. Every student needs
to get the necessary results (balls) in these subjects to enter any Russian university.
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Structure
1. committee
a) a formal written, spoken or practical test at school to see
how much you know about a subject, or what you can do.
2. expert
b) the system of oral communication and writing that is used
by people of particular country.
3. creativity
c) a system for organizing the knowledge about a particular
subject, especially one concerned with aspects of human
behavior or society.
4. task
d) the mark/grade you get for an exam.
5. subject
e) to become a member of an institution.
6. to enter
f) an area of knowledge studied at school.
7. results
g) a piece of work that somebody has to do.
8. science
h) involving the use of skill and the imagination to produce
something new.
Unified State Examination consists of three parts (except the ones in
Mathematics and Literature): A, B and C.
The A part contains tasks in which student must choose an answer from four
variants.
The B part contains tasks in which student must answer briefly with several
words, letters or numbers.
The C part contains one or several tasks in which student must use his
creativity to complete them. For example, he can be given a hard mathematical
exercise to solve, a composition to write or a question to answer argumentatively.
Unlike the two previous parts, which are checked by a computer, the C part is
checked by the experts of the regional examination committee.
3. Answer the following questions
1. What is National Examination?
2. When must every student pass National Exam?
3. Are National Examinations the only form of graduation examinations from
schools?
4. National Exams in the Russian Language and Mathematics are required,
aren’t they?
5. How many parts does Unified State Exam consist of?
6. What is the difference between the A, B and C parts?
4. Match words from the text with their correct definitions
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9. language
i) a person with special knowledge, skill or training in
something.
10. exam
j) a group of people who are chosen, usually by a larger group,
to make decisions or to deal with a particular subject.
5. Fill in the correct preposition
and then make sentences using the completed phrases
1. an exam … the Russian Federation;
2. after graduation … school;
3. the main form … preliminary examinations in universities;
4. consists … three parts.
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