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Файл:Собеседование на английском языке для судовых механиков = English Interview Procedures for Marine Engineers. Практикум
.pdf
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Chapter V concerns safety of navigation (rules of the road, plotting, passage
planning, distress signals).
Chapter VI — Carriage of cargoes requirements for the stowage and securing
of all types of cargoes and cargo containers except liquids and gases in bulk.
Chapter VII — Carriage of dangerous cargoes requires the carriage of all
kinds of dangerous goods to be in compliance with the International Bulk Chemical
Code.
Chapter VIII — Nuclear ships.
Chapter IX — Management for the Safe Operation of Ships requires every
shipowner to comply with the International Safety Management Code (ISM).
Chapter X — Safety measures for high-speed craft makes mandatory the In-
ternational Code of Safety for High-speed craft (HSC Code).
Chapter XI-1 — Special measures to enhance maritime Safety Requirements
to organizations responsible for carrying out surveys and inspections, the ship identification number scheme and operational requirements.
Chapter XI-2 — Special measures to enhance maritime security includes the
International Ship and Port Facility Security Code (ISPS Code). The ISPS Code is the
standard for establishing a system for security management and secure operation of
vessels and port facilities.
Chapter XII — Additional safety measures for bulk carriers.
Chapter XIII — Verification of compliance makes mandatory from January, 1
2016 the IMO Member State Audit Scheme.
Chapter XIV — Safety measures for ships operating in polar waters.
Self-assessment question.
What are SOLAS regulations and requirements aimed to?
MARPOL 73/78 (The International Convention for Prevention of Pollution
from Ships 1973 as modified by the Protocol of 1978 / Международная конвен-
ция по предотвращению загрязнения с судов, принята в 1973, с исправлениями от 1978)
MARPOL is one of the most important international maritime environmental
conventions. It was developed by the International Maritime Organization in a effort
to minimize pollution of the oceans and seas, including dumping, oil and air pollution. It contains measures to prevent pollution from ships caused both accidentally
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and in the course of routine operation. In compliance with new regulations which
come into force from January, 1, 2020, the ships are prohibited to burn any fuel oil
with Sulphur content of more than 0,5 %, if they are not equipped with exhaust gas
treatment system or scrubbers. Most of the measures are included in six annexes to
the convention which deal with the following:
Annex I — Regulations for the Prevention of Pollution by Oil — regulates
discharge of oil and oily mixtures into the sea. Any discharge of oil or mixtures from
ships into the sea shall be prohibited except when such conditions are satisfied: the
tanker is not within a special area, the tanker is more than 50 nautical miles from the
land, the tanker is on passage and the rate of discharge of oil content doesn’t exceed
60 litres per nautical mile, the total quantity of oil discharged into the sea doesn’t exceed 15 PPM (Parts Per Million). Any discharge of oil or oily mixture from any oil
tanker and any ship of 400 tons gross tonnage and above shall be prohibited while in
special area. The special areas are the Mediterranean sea, the Baltic sea, the Black
sea, the Red sea, the “Gulf area”, the Gulf of Aden area and the Antarctic area. The
oil residues which cannot be discharged into the sea shall be retained onboard or discharged to reception facilities.
Annex II — Regulations for the Control of Pollution by Noxious Liquid
Substances in Bulk. The requirements of Annex II apply to all ships carrying nox-
ious liquid substances in bulk. Every ship shall be provided with a cargo Record
Book which shall be completed whenever any operation with a noxious liquid substance takes place on ship: loading of cargo, internal transfer of cargo, unloading of
cargo, cleaning of cargo tanks, ballasting of cargo tanks, discharge of ballast, disposal
of residues to reception facilities, discharge into the sea or removal by ventilation of
residues. Ships carrying noxious liquid substances in bulk shall be subject to surveys:
initial, periodical, intermediate and annual.
Annex III — Regulations for Prevention of Pollution by Harmful Substances Carried by Sea in Packaged Form. The regulations apply to all ships carry-
ing harmful substances in packaged form. Packaging, freight containers shall be adequate to minimize the hazard to the marine environment. Packages containing harmful substances shall be marked with the correct technical name and a label indicating
that the contents are harmful. Harmful substances carried in packaged forms shall be
properly secured and stowed. Discharge by jettisoning of harmful substances shall be
prohibited except where necessary for the purpose of securing the safety of the ship
or saving life at sea.
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Annex IV — Regulations for Prevention of Pollution by Sewage from
Ships. Discharge of sewage into the sea is prohibited, except when: the ship is dis-
charging disinfected and comminuted sewage using the sewage treatment system. Allowed distance is not more than four nautical miles from the nearest land.
Annex V — Regulations for Prevention of Pollution by Garbage from
Ships. Garbage means all kinds of victual, domestic and operational wastes which are
liable to be disposed off continuously or periodically. The disposal of all plastics into
the sea including synthetic rope is prohibited. It is prohibited to discharge lining,
packing materials if the distance is less than 25 nautical miles.
Annex VI — Regulations for Prevention of Air Pollution from Ships.
Emission Control Areas (ECAs) are sea areas in which stricter controls were established to minimize airborne emissions from ships. There are four existing ECAs: the
Baltic Sea, the North Sea, the North American ECA, including most of US and Canadian coast and the US Caribbean ECA.
Self-assessment questions.
When was the International Convention of Pollution from Ships adopted?
What regulations are contained in the annexes of the Convention?
COLREG, 72 (The Convention on International Regulations for Preventing
Collisions at Sea / Международные правила предупреждения столкновения
судов в море, 1972)
It contains “rules of the road”, rights of way, safe speed, actions to avoid collisions, procedures to be observed in narrow channels and in restricted visibility.
STCW, 78, as amended (The Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers 78 as amended / Международная кон-
венция о подготовке, дипломировании моряков и несении вахты, 1978,
с поправками)
It contains training, certification and qualification requirements for senior officers, officers in charge of watch in the deck and engine departments, basic principles to be observed in keeping deck and engine watches, qualification requirements
for personnel on oil, chemical and liquefied gas tankers. English has been adopted by
the International Maritime Organization as the language of sea. STCW 78 as amended requires that every mariner shall have an adequate knowledge of the English lan-
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guage which enables the engineer officers to use engineering publications and to perform watch keeping duties properly. Maritime English has specific vocabulary based
on Standard Maritime Communication Phrases.
Self-assessment questions.
What International Conventions were adopted for providing safety at sea?
What Rules are to be observed while keeping the engineering watch?
What are the main positions of STCW aimed at?
What is the officer in charge of the engineering watch responsible for?
What points shall be taken into account by the engineering watch?
When shan’t the officer in charge of the engineering watch hand over the
watch to the relieving engineer officer?
What shall the oncoming engineer familiarize himself with prior to taking over
the watch?
What is the officer in charge of the engineering watch responsible for when the
machinery spaces are in the manned (unmanned, stand by) conditions?
What automatic boiler controls shall be checked by the officer in charge of the
engineering watch?
What is the purpose of the rounds of machinery and steering gear spaces?
When shall the officer in charge of the engineering watch notify the Chief Engineer without delay?
2. Show your competence on the following points.
1. Guess what convention it is. Decipher all abbreviations which you have used.
1. This convention was adopted in 1972.
2. This convention was adopted in 1978.
3. This convention was adopted in 1974.
4. This convention was adopted in 1973.
5. This convention provides requirements for adequate knowledge of the Eng-
lish language. What are these requirements?
2. Complete sentences.
1. SOLAS contains minimum standards for … and includes instructions on …
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2. MARPOL contains measures to …
3. COLREGs contain “rules of the road” …
4. STCW contains training, certification and …
3. Answer the following questions.
1. What are all shipping accidents caused by in your opinion?
2. What Code provides tools these are checklists, procedures to prevent all ac-
cidents at sea? What standards does the ISM Code establish?
3. What are objectives of the SMS?
4. What shall be done in order to avoid accidents and eliminate the risk of fire
and explosion onboard?
5. What do required work permits include? Enumerate them. When should eve-
ry permit be issued?
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MODULE 4. SAFETY ONBOARD
All crewing companies provide safe working practices in ship operation and
assess main risks to the ships, personnel and environment as far as practicable. Appropriate safeguards against all possible risks should be established as well as continuous improvement of safety skills of personnel onboard. When you join a ship you
will get the necessary personal protective equipment for your job. It is your responsibility to wear the appropriate personal protective equipment and keep it in good condition.
What are threats to a human life at sea? What is your opinion?
1. Complete the table.
Safety Familiarization
Life-saving equipment
Fire-fighting equipment
2. Mind the following phrases.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE)
safety helmets
защитный шлем (каска)
facial shields
защитный щиток для лица при сварке
respirators
респираторы
bump caps
защитные шапки
goggles
защитные или темные очки
breathing apparatus
дыхательный аппарат
hair nets
сетка для волос
safety boots
защитная обувь
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harness
снаряжение, парусное вооружение (рангоут, такелаж),
ремень
aprons
фартуки
life jackets
спасательные жилеты
safety belts
страховочные ремни, пояса
life buoys
спасательные круги
earmuffs
наушники
gloves
перчатки
safety suits
защитные костюмы
ear plugs
заглушка для ушей, беруши
dust masks
респираторы
overall
комбинезон
lifeline
спасательный конец (страховочная веревка)
3. Write the words mentioned above under the correct headings.
Hand and
foot
protection
Face and
eye
protection
Hearing
protection
Protection
against
drowning
Body
protection
Head
protection
Respirator
protective
equipment
4. Fill in the missing words in the sentences below.
1. All seamen who are working afloat, outboard or below decks or in any other
area where is a risk of falling more than 2 metres, should wear a … attached to a lifeline.
2. … must be worn wherever there is a possibility of men’s slipping, falling or
being carried into the water.
3. The simplest form of ear protection is a …
4. … provide a more effective form of hearing protection.
5. Objects falling a height present a hazard against which … are most com-
monly provided.
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6. In case of long hair, … should be worn where any risk of entanglement exists.
7. Men must wear … when working in areas of excessive dust.
8. Men must wear … wherever they are working with substances that are cor-
rosive to the eyes.
9. Men working on steam valves or other hot units must wear leather or other
heavy …
10. A …with a self-activating list and also a separate buoyant safety line must
be provided ready for use at the point of access aboard the ship.
5. Self-assessment questions.
1. What is used to protect against falling objects or abnormal heat or crushing?
2. What is used to protect against bruising and minor knocks?
3. What is used to protect against hair entrapped in the machinery?
4. What is used to protect against noise?
5. What is used to protect when gas or electric welding, exposure to chemicals
and to particles and foreign bodies?
6. What is used to protect against irritating, dangerous or poisonous dust,
fumes or gases?
7. What is used to protect against impact and slipping?
8. What is used to protect against falling more than 2 metres?
9. What is used to protect against contaminating or corrosive substances?
10. What is used to protect against drowning when there is a risk of falling or
being washed overboard?
6. Read the following information.
Musters and drills
Musters and drills are required to be carried out regularly in accordance with
Merchant Shipping Regulations. Musters and drills have the objective of preparing
a trained and organized response to situations of great difficulty which may unexpectedly threaten loss of life at sea. It is important that they should be carried out realistically, approaching as closely as possible to emergency conditions. Changes in
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the ship’s function and changes in the ship’s personnel from time to time should be
reflected in corresponding changes in the muster arrangements.
The muster list should be conspicuously posted before the ship sails and should
be supplemented by emergency instructions for each crew member (in the form of
a card issued to each crew member). These instructions should describe the allocated
muster station, survival craft station and emergency duty and all emergency signals
and action, if any, to be taken on hearing such signals.
An abandon ship drill and a fire drill must be held within 24 hours of leaving
port if more than 25 % of the crew have not taken part in drills on board the ship in
the previous month. As soon as possible but not later than two weeks after joining the
ship, onboard training in the use of the ship’s lifesaving appliances, including survival craft equipment, should be given to crew members. As soon as possible after joining the ship, crew members should also familiarize themselves with their emergency
duties, the significance of the various alarm signals and the locations of their lifeboat
station and of all lifesaving and fire fighting equipment.
All the ship’s personnel concerned should muster at a drill wearing life jackets
properly secured. The timing of emergency drills should vary so that personnel who
have not participated in a particular drill may take part in the next. Any defects or deficiencies revealed during drills and the inspections which accompany them should be
made good without delay.
7. Self-assessment task. Are the following sentences true or false? Correct
the false ones.
1. Musters and drills are required to be carried out regularly.
2. Nothing may threaten loss of life at sea.
3. The muster list should be conspicuously posted after the ship sails. Each
crew member must have emergency instructions.
4. These instructions should describe only the allocated muster station.
5. Not later than three weeks after joining the ship onboard training should
be held.
6. Any defects and deficiencies should be made good afterwards.
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8. Find synonyms to the following words and word combinations.
To demand; in compliance with the rules; answer; crisis; well seen; to add; importance; to fulfil; the aim; suddenly; the ship’s crew; prior to; devices; different; site;
to obstruct; to be readily accessible; immediately; to take away; to take part in; to improve; to carry out duties; properly; damage; to extinguish; to work; to repair; to lubricate; to watch; equipment; to leave; to take place; to follow safe working practices;
to reduce; to remove; to protect.
9. Fill in the blanks in the following sentences with the words and word
combinations.
1. Musters and drills are required to be …
… Merchant Shipping Regulations.
2. The Muster List should be … posted.
3. The instructions should describe the … muster station and … duty.
4. All the … concerned should muster at a drill wearing life jackets.
5. Life jackets should be …
…
6. All defects should be … without …
10. Pair the verbs from the left column with the nouns from the right one.
to reveal changes
to carry out the muster list
to prepare drills
to threaten a card
to reflect life jackets
to post loss of life at sea
to issue a response
to hold defects
to wear musters and drills
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