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Файл:Практическая фонетика английского языка. Часть 1. Практикум
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The use of Low Rise in similar utterances would add a shade of
surprise and disbelief:
e.g. You ˏlike it?
The High Rise is also used in echoed utterances of all communica-
tive types, when the speaker checks whether he received the information correctly.
e.g. 'Did you enˏjoy the 'concert? – 'Did I en΄joy it? (an echoed
general question)
'How 'many `children has he ˌgot? – How ΄many? (an echoed
special question)
There are three complex tones in English: the Fall-Rise, the Rise-
Fall, the Rise-Fall-Rise. In complex tones it is the final part that is
more informative.
The Fall-Rise is mostly used in statements and requests. It is an
implicatory tone. The exact character of the implication is always deduced from the concrete situation, which is known both to the speaker
and to his listener.
e.g. The 'boy is ˎseven. – ˇNine. (Polite correction. Implication: You
are mis`taken.)
Have 'Bob and 'Jane arˏrived?–`Jane’s ˌhere. (…but 'Bob ˎisn’t.)
Some other implications are also possible: hesitation, warning,
apology.
Like other falling tones the Rise-Fall implies definiteness and fi-
nality. It also shows that the speaker is greatly impressed (whether favourably or not).
e.g. You aren’t ˆtrying. (= … even trying) ˆReally?
The Rise-Fall-Rise is another implicatory tone. It suggests opti-
mism and enthusiasm.
e.g. ˜No.˜Perfectly.(*No such tone exists in Russian).
The Level tones may be pitched at different levels. There are High,
Mid and Low Level tones. The Mid Level is most frequently used.
e.g. >Sometimes.
The Level Tones are non-final and non-categoric in character.
They may express hesitation, uncertainly and are often used in reciting
poems.
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Section 2
[ıə]
I. Observe the position of the lips and the tongue for the sound [ıə].
Read the words in the columns. Make the glide very smooth. Pay attention to the positional length of [ıə].
near nearly [i:- ıə] bee – bear
dear dearly tea – tear
fear fearful pea – pier
cheer clearly bead – beard
queer theatre Dee – dear
sheer museum fee – fear
mere weary knee – near
II. Read the sentences. Follow the tonetic marks.
1. Near and dear. Ближайшие родственники.
['nıər ənd `dıə]
2. It’s a curious experience. Это курьёзный (странный)
[ıts ə 'kjuərıəs ıks`pıərıəns] случай.
3. The mere idea appears Одна лишь мысль об этом
fearful. ужасает меня.
[ðə 'mıə aı`dıə əˌpıəz ˏfıəful]
4. Can you hear clearly Вам хорошо слышно отсюда?
from here?
['kæn ju. 'hıə ˏklıəlı frəm ˙hıə]
5. Vere thinks small beer Вер считает здесь всех мелof anyone here. кой рыбешкой.
['vıə 'θıŋks smɔ:l 'bıə əv `enıwʌn .hıə]
6. The theatre is somewhere Театр где-то неподалеку
near here. oтсюда.
[ðə 'θıətər ız ˆsʌmwεə nıə ˌhıə]
III. Observe the correct pronunciation of the rhythmic groups and
the diphthong [ıə].
The 'end of the 'pier is `near. || The 'end of the 'pier is `near, Iˌfear.
|| The 'end of the 'pier is `near, I ˌfear, | and the 'mist hasn’t `cleared. ||
IV. Match the following English idioms, proverbs and sayings with
their Russian equivalents. Make up situations to illustrate their usage.
1. to smile through tears a. с загнутым уголком (о странице)
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2. to save appearances b. соблюдать приличия
3. for smb’s private ears c. улыбаться сквозь слезы
4. dog-eared d. дать пощечину
5. to box smb’s ears e. по секрету, на ушко
6. to grin from ear to ear f. быть падким до сплетен
7. to have itching ears g. пропускать мимо ушей
8. to turn a deaf ear h. улыбаться во весь рот
Section 3
I. Test. Tick the words you recognize in the sentences you hear:
1. a) bee; b) beer
2. a) tea; b) tear
3. a) bead; b) beard
4. a) pea; b) pier
5. a) E’s; b) ears
6. a) Dee; b) dear
II. Listen to the dialogue and learn it by heart.
A Bearded Mountaineer
(Mr and Mrs Lear are on holiday in Austria)
Mr Lear: Let’s have a beer here, dear.
Mrs Lear: What a good idea! They have very good beer
here. We came here last year.
Mr Lear: The atmosphere here is very clear.
Mrs Lear: And it’s windier than last year.
Mr Lear: (speaking to the waiter) Two beers, please.
Mrs Lear: Look, dear! Look at that mountaineer drinking
beer.
Mr Lear: His beard is in his beer.
Mrs Lear: His beard has nearly disappeared into his beer!
Mr Lear: Sh, dear! He might hear.
Waiter: (bringing the beer) Here you are, sir. Two
beers.
Mr Lear: Cheers, dear!
Mrs Lear: Cheers! Here’s to the bearded mountaineer!
Review questions and tasks
1. Enumerate the principal nuclear tones in English.
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2. What oppositions in using tones can be revealed?
3. Name the main attitudes conveyed by the nuclei.
4. Say the following sentences with different nuclei. How is the
meaning changing?
1) It’s not the one you want.
2) How can you be so obstinate?
3) Do it yourself then.
4) Did he say anything about his plans?
5) What wonderful music!
5. Give your own examples of the utterances in which the nuclei
are realized differently.
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UNIT 17
Интонационное оформление частей предложения
Цели: 1) ознакомить с правилами интонационного оформле-
ния частей предложения в английском языке; 2) обучить правильной артикуляции дифтонгов [εə] и [uə]
Знания: особенности интонационного оформления частей
предложения в английском языке
Умения: оперирование фонетической терминологией при об-
суждении темы, интонационное оформление частей предложения,
артикулирование дифтонгов [εə] и [uə]
Формируемые компетенции: ОПК-3 и ОПК-8 (фонетиче-
ский компонент).
Актуальность темы обусловлена статусом фонетики как осно-
вополагающего аспекта языка, без которого невозможно реализовать
речевое высказывание и сформировать иноязычную компетенцию.
Section 1
Sequence of Tones
In sentences containing more than one intonation group almost any
combination of terminal tones is possible which calls for more detailed
description.
Adverbial phrases at the beginning of a simple sentence may be
pronounced with the Low Rise or Mid Level:
e .g.>Yesterday | I 'stayed at 'home ↑all ˎday.
In sentence final position they do not form any intonation groups:
e.g. I 'stayed at 'home ↑all ˎday yesterday.
* An adverbial phrase in the sentence final position is pronounced as
a separate intonation group if it adds any comments or clarifications.
e.g. 'Send it a way | at ˎonce.
Enumeration in simple sentences is represented by a number of
homogeneous parts. The terminal tones of non-final intonation groups
may be a) low – rising; b) mid – level; c) low – falling:
e.g. I like playing ˏtennis, ˏbadminton and ˎbasketball.
She has a lot of ˎdresses, ˎshoes and ˎ hats.
Direct address can stand in sentence initial, medial or final positions.
In sentence initial position this intonation group is pronounced with the Low
Fall in formal speech and with the Fall-Rise in a friendly conversation.
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e.g. Gentlemen, 'pay at'tention to ˙this eˎxhibit.
ˇMummy, 'could I 'buy an `ice-ˏcream?
In sentence medial and final positions direct address sounds as an
unstressed or partially stressed tail of the preceding intonation group:
e.g. Good ˎevening, Mr. .Wood.
Parentheses connect the sentence with another one or summarize
what is said in the sentence. At the beginning of a sentence they are
often arranged by the low-rising or mid-level tone into a separate intonation group:
e.g. >Well, | → where have you ˎbeen?
To → crown it ˏall | I had an ˎaccident.
But the parentheses can also be pronounced with the Low Fall or
Fall-Rise to attach more importance to them:
e.g. As I ˎsay, | it `wasn’t ˌdone on ˌpurpose.
For my `own ˏpart, | I should ˎlove it.
Parentheses of no semantic importance may remain unstressed:
e.g. Well I →don’t ˎknow.
The author’s words preceding direct speech should be treated as
a separate intonation group and may be pronounced with any terminal
tone. If the author’s words follow direct speech they continue as an unstressed or partially-stressed tail of the preceding intonation group:
e.g. “What `is it for?” he .asked.
“Is `this for ˏme? – he ˙asked.
Section 2
[εə]
(the nucleus is front, open (narrow variant), unrounded)
I. Observe the position of the lips and the tongue for the sound
[εə]. Read the words in the columns. Make the glide very smooth. Pay
attention to the positional length of [εə].
air airs [ıə – εə]ear – air
bear bears beer – bear
hare hares pier – pear
share shares hear – hair
pear pears tear – tear
chair chairs mere – mare
their theirs dear – dare
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II. Read the sentences. Follow the tonetic marks.
1. There! There! Успокойтесь!
['ðεə ˎðεə]
2. I dare swear. Могу поклясться.
[ˉaı ˎdεə swεə]
3. What’s the air-fare? Сколько стоит билет на самолет?
[ˌwɔts ðə `εə fεə]
4. It’s late to tear your hair. После драки кулаками не машут.
[ıts `leıt tə ˌtεə jɔ. ˏhεə]
5. It’s their fair share. Это им полагается по праву.
[ıts ðεə 'fεə `∫εə]
6. Blair’s one of the fair- Блер там всеобщий любимец.
haired boys there.
['blεəz 'wʌn əv ðə `fεə hεəd ˌbɔız ˌðεə]
7. It’s unbearable how Невыносимо видеть, как Клер
Clare gives herself airs. важничает.
[ıts ʌn`bεərəbl hau `klεə gıvz həself ˇεəz]
8. The square was carefully Площадь была тщательно
prepared for the parade. подготовлена для парада.
[ðə 'skwεə wəz 'kεəfəlı prı'pεəd fə ðə pə`reıd]
III. Match the following English idioms, proverbs and sayings with
their Russian equivalents. Make up situations to illustrate their usage.
1. Neither here, nor there. a. в ремонте
2.Take care of the minutes and the b. полагаю
hours will take care of themselves.
3. wear two hats c. обмениваться впечатлениями
4. fair and square d. Минута час бережет.
5. I daresay e. справедливый, прямой
6. bear-garden f. «испариться», улизнуть
7. compare notes g. Ни к селу, ни к городу.
8. under repair h. работать по совместительству
9. make oneself scarce i. шумное сборище, «базар».
IV. Observe the correct pronunciation of the rhythmic groups and
the diphthong [εə].
'That’s 'rare `pair.|| 'That’s 'rare 'pair for `Mary.||'That’s 'rare 'pair
for 'Mary to `wear.||'That’s 'rare 'pair for 'Mary to 'wear every ˎday. ||
87
Section 3
[uə]
(the nucleus is back-advanced, close (broad variant), slightly rounded)
I. Observe the position of the lips and the tongue for the sound
[uə]. Read the words in the columns. Make the glide very smooth. Pay
attention to the positional length of [uə].
tour tours [u:- uə] too – tour
sure surely shoe – sure
poor poorly pooh – poor
moor moors moo – moor
bewer brewers brew – brewer
boor boors boo – boor
II. Read the sentences. Follow the tonetic marks.
1. Well, I’m sure. Ну, знаете!
[ˌwel aım ˆ∫uə]
2. For sure. Безусловно.
[fə `∫uə]
3. It’s a usual cure for a cold. Это обычное лечение при
простуде.
[ıts ə `ju:ӡwəl `kjuə fər ə ˇkəuld]
4. Curiosity is incurable. Любопытство неизлечимо.
[kjuərıˇɔsıtı ız ın`kjuərəbl]
5. The truer my friends Чем надёжнее у меня друзья,
the surer I feel. тем увереннее я себя чув-
ствую.
[ðə 'truərə maı 'frendz ðə '∫uərə aı `fi:l]
6. Do you feel secure А у вас хватит горючего?
about your fuel?
['dju. fi:l sə'kjuə əbaut jɔ: ˏfjuəl]
7. I’ll surely speak more Конечно же, я буду говорить
fluently after a tour to Europe. более бегло после поездки в
Европу.
[aıl `∫uəlı spi:k mɔ: `fluəntlı α:ftər ə `tuə tə `juərəp]
III. Observe the correct pronunciation of the rhythmic groups and [uə].
I’m 'sure that 'Muriel will be `cured. || I’m 'sure that ˙poor 'Muriel
will 'soon be `cured. || I’m 'sure that ˙poor 'Muriel ˙injured at the 'tournament will 'soon be `cured.||
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IV. Match the following English idioms, proverbs and sayings
with their Russian equivalents. Make up situations to illustrate their
usage.
1. What can’t be cured a. быть скучным собеседником
must be endured.
2. Curiosity killed the cat. b. любопытство до добра не доводит
3. a poor company c. приходится мириться с тем,
чего нельзя исправить.
Review questions and tasks
1. How are adverbial phrases pronounced in sentence initial and
final positions?
2. What are possible ways of saying intonation groups when enu-
merating something?
3. How does the position in a sentence influence the intonation of
direct address? Give examples and use them in conversational contexts.
4. Describe the peculiarities of uttering the author’s words. Pick
out some examples from fiction. Read them aloud.
89
UNIT 18
Тонетическая разметка текста
Цели: ознакомить с правилами тонетической разметки текста
в английском языке
Знания: алгоритм тонетической разметки текста
Умения: воспринимать на слух, дифференцировать и обозна-
чать в тексте синтагмы, ядерные тоны, ударения и особенности
мелодики
Формируемые компетенции: ОПК-3 и ОПК-8 (фонетиче-
ский компонент).
Актуальность темы обусловлена статусом фонетики как осно-
вополагающего аспекта языка, без которого невозможно реализовать
речевое высказывание и сформировать иноязычную компетенцию.
Task
Listen to the monologue. Mark stresses and tunes. Practise saying
the text several times following the model. Learn the monologue by
heart.
A Quiet Life
Felix Catt is a typical resident of Siberia Avenue, Surbiton. He
looks gloomy, but in fact, he is quite happy, and he leads a quiet life in
this suburb of London. His wife Gertie looks after him carefully: she
cleans the house regularly, and feeds him daily on well-cooked meat
and tinned vegetables. There is always a supply of fresh water for his
whisky, and plenty of carpet space for putting practice, so he is very
comfortable and content with suburban life.
Felix is very fond of his old dog Sam. They go for walks together on
Sundays. Today he is taking Sam to the local vet, because he is afraid that
he is going blind. However, the vet is confident of curing him by means of
a small operation. He is giving Sam an injection before operating on him,
so that he will sleep peacefully the whole time and not feel any pain. There
is even a pretty nurse standing by to comfort Sam in case he feels unhappy
and lonely in the strange surroundings.
In general, both Felix and Sam think that they don’t have a bad life,
and they have no desire to change it for anything more adventurous.
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