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Файл:Английский язык для студентов – будущих инженеров. Учебное пособие
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Almaz. What’s your evening routine like, Ilnaz? I mean, what do you
do when you get home?
Ilnaz. I do the same thing pretty much every day. As soon as I get home,
I open all windows. I like fresh air, so even in winter I open them for a while.
Then I check my social network messages and I wash yesterday’s dishes. I hate
washing dishes right after dinner, so I always leave them in the sink until the
next evening. And I don’t have time to do them in the morning before I leave for
university, because I work half time in MacDonald’s.
Almaz. The same for me!
Ilnaz. So, next I take a shower and change my clothes.
Almaz. What do you do next?
Ilnaz. Then I surf the Internet and relax for a while. Maybe an hour or so.
Almaz. What do you have for dinner usually?
Ilnaz. For dinner I have something quick out of the microwave. I don’t
cook usually. Sometimes I go to the café with my friends or we come to my
place and cook something for dinner – it maybe a pizza or even a soup.
Picture 2. Students at a hostel
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Almaz. That’s very interesting! What do you usually do after dinner?
Ilnaz. I study for exams or seminars. Twice a week I go gym. Some-
times I do laundry before I go to bed. I just throw my clothes in the washer
and let it run while I sleep.
Almaz. Do you go to bed early?
Ilnaz. Usually, around eleven. I clean up a bit, put things away. I try
to keep my room tidy. And then before I go to sleep I read a magazine. So,
that’s pretty much the same kind of a thing every day. Sounds a little boring!
Almaz. Hmm... No way! My life’s practically the same!
Exercise 5. Tell your class if you do any of the things Ilnaz does
when you get home every day.
Exercise 6. Interview your partner and take notes of his answer.
a) What do you do as soon as you get home?
b) Do you change your clothes first?
c) What do you do before dinner?
d) Do you surf net while you’re eating?
e) Do you clean the dishes right after dinner?
f) Do you get together with your fellow students after classes/work?
g) What do you usually do at this time of day?
h) What part of your daily routine makes you the happiest?
i) What part of the day are you most efficient?
j) What's your favourite time of the day? Why? What do you do at
that time?
Exercise 7. Using your interview notes about your partner write a short
story about him. To show a sequence of actions use the words first, next, then.
In order to link actions use when, as soon as, while, before and after.
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Evening Routines of my Groupmate
My groupmate Niyaz changes his clothes as soon as he gets home.
Next he has a juice or a mineral water and then he takes his dog for a walk.
Then he has dinner.
He never does dishes after dinner. Though, he always has dinner at
home. He never surfs the Internet but sometimes he watches TV while he is
eating. After dinner he does homework because he considers that this part of
the day he is the most efficient.
He always goes to bed early. Sometimes he watches the news or reads
books for about an hour when he goes to bed.
W o r d b u i l d i n g . W o r d b u i l d i n g o f n o u n s
w i t h t h e h e l p o f a f f i x e s a n d p r e f i x e s
Study these examples of affixes:
1. -er/or – inventor, writer, doctor
2. -ist – scientist, physicist, chemist
3. -ian – optician, mathematician
4. -ance – distance, importance, appearance
5. -(t)ion – operation, confusion, enumeration
6. -ity/ – ty – ability, stability, popularity
7. -hood – neighbourhood, childhood
8. -ship – friendship, leadership
9. -ence – conference
10. -age – passage, leakage
11. -dom – wisdom
12. -sion – discussion
13. -ness – happiness
14. -ment – government, movement, development
Study these examples of prefixes:
1. re- reconstruction
2. co- cooperation
3. dis- disconnection
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4. in- independence
5. mis- misunderstanding
6. im- immobility, impossibility
7. un- unemployment
8. il- illiteracy
Exercise 1. Form the nouns using the suffixes –ion, -sion, – tion:
to include, to educate, to absorb, to consider.
Exercise 2. Form the nouns using the suffixes -er, -or:
to generate, to create, to distribute, to cool, to consume, to sail, to educate, to build.
Exercise 3. Form the nouns using the suffix -ness, -dom, -ship: leader,
happy, dark, free, bright.
G r a m m a r . P r e s e n t c o n t i n u o u s
We use be + verb + -ing to form the present continuous.
e.g. We're staying in Sochi for a few days.
You aren't spending any time in Saint-Petersbrg. When are you arriving
in Moscow?
Short answers
Are you going to Miami? Yes, I am./No, I'm not.
Is he flying to Miami? Yes, he is./No, he isn't./No, he's not.
Spelling
1. If the verb ends in -e, we do not include the final e before –ing:
close/closing, take /taking, come/coming. give/giving
2. If the verb ends in -y, add -ing and the spelling does not change:
study /studying, carry/carrying, enjoy/enjoying
3. Be and see are different.
be / being, see/ seeing
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4. In UK English, verbs that end in -/ change to -// in the -ing or -ed form.
travel /travelling/travelled, cancel/cancelling/cancelled
5. We also double the final consonant of these verbs before -ing or -
ed. stop/stopped/stopping, plan/planning/planned, rob/ robbing / robbed
If the verb has more than one syllable, we only double the final consonant if the final syllable is stressed.
begin / beginning, prefer / preferring / preferred
Use
1. We use the present continuous to describe activities that are hap-
pening now.
e.g. Lisa is talking to the Dean at the moment.
2. We use the present continuous to describe temporary activities.
e.g. We are studying materials science this year.
3. Some verbs are not used in the continuous form.
Paul is being an engineer. = Paul is an engineer.
Maria isn’t having time to meet Pete. = Maria doesn't have time to
meet Pete.
4. We also use the present continuous for planned future arrangements.
Olivia is travelling to Florida on 18 January.
Maria isn't meeting Pete.
Exercise 1. Write the present participles for these verbs.
1. play
2. run
3. translate
4. swim
5. worry
6. sit
7. stay
Exercise 2. Complete the short dialogues:
1. A: ... Emil and Natalia (come) to the party?
B: No, they ...
2. A: Where ... Lana (study) now?
B: She ... in the room number 405.
3. A: Who ... Nadia (talk) to the phone at the moment?
B: She ... to her mother.
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Exercise 3. Put the verb in the correct form in Present simple or Present continuous:
1. Hurry up! Everybody (wait) you downstairs.
2. ... you (watch TV)? Yes, don’t switch it off.
3. Alsou is in Bougulma right now. She (stay) with her sister. She
always (stay) there on Christmas holidays.
4. Right now she (make) a hamburger for her little brother because he
(be) hungry.
5. What ... you (do)? Are you a designer or an engineer?
6. What ... you (do)? Are you busy?
7. Can we go slowly? My daughter (start) to feel tired.
8. I (work) in the garden at the moment.
Exercise 4. Translate from Russian into English using Present simple
or Present continuous
1. Что ты знаешь о его новом одногруппнике?
2. Какую тему они изучают в данный момент?
3. Наш староста разговаривает сейчас с деканом нашего факультета.
4. – Где ты сейчас?
5. – Я в библиотеке готовлю доклад по истории.
6. По понедельникам у нас физкультура, затем – лекция по мате-
матике и семинар по физике.
7. Я сейчас очень занят! Я готовлюсь к экзамену по математике.
8. Женя хочет сдать все экзамены на отлично.
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U nit 3 . M y f riends
A good friend is like a four–leaf clover,
hard to find and lucky to have
V o c a b u l a r y
Read these words and memorize them:
to get on with
ладить с кем-либо, дружить
mutual understanding
взаимопонимание
to get acquainted
знакомиться
to let somebody down
подводить кого-либо
to have much in common
иметь много общего
to keep in touch
поддерживать отношения,
быть на связи
to get together
встречаться
reliable
надежный
sincere
искренний
to prefer
предпочитать
to believe
верить, полагать
to consider
считать, признавать
to communicate
общаться, вести диалог
common interests
общие интересы
shared interests
общие интересы
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to share ideas
делиться идеями
encouragement
поддержка, ободрение
features
характерные черты
character
характер
stranger
незнакомый человек
support
поддержка
accident
авария, катастрофа
to get on with
уживаться, ладить
relative
родственник
sense of humour
чувство юмора
similar
подобный
emotional support
эмоциональная поддержка
feeling
чувство
to get to know
познакомиться
to attend
посещать
relationship
взаимоотношения
sensible
здравомыслящий, благоразумный
to trust
доверять
personality
личность, особенности характера
spare time
свободное время
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T e x t . F r i e n d s h i p
Hello, everyone! My name is Aliya and I’ve read an interesting proverb today, “A good friend is like a four–leaf clover, hard to find and lucky to
have." While I was reading it, I wondered “What is friendship in fact?” So
let’s find out!
Friendship is a special kind of relationships between people. People
need it because they expect help and comfort from each other. Those who have
friends have less stress and live longer. Friendship is usually based on common
interests and mutual understanding, true encouragement and sympathy. Usually people meet, get acquainted, communicate and as a result become friends.
But, only time can show, whether the friendship is strong or not.
The most important feeling that exists between friends is trust. It never
appears from nowhere, it’s a result of communication, support in difficult
situations, long-lasting friendship. Respect is also very important. It means
that you don't criticize your friend’s lifestyle, you always try to understand
him, discuss problems with him and explain to him your feelings and emotions. Never forget to discuss important issues with your best friend or
friends, because reservations can lead into the end of friendship.
I’m sure you will agree that nowadays there are various ways of acquaintance. Some people make friends when they are in guests or on weddings, others prefer to find friends with the help of newspapers or the Internet. Somebody can get acquainted with his future friend when he even
doesn't expect it, for example, when he simply walks in a park or goes anywhere by public transport.
I have many good friends, but two of them are the best. Their names
are Annie and Helen. They make my life brighter and more interesting. When
I’m bored, I can always call them and ask to come over and have a party.
Once a month we go to the cinema or to the theatre, we call it “trinity time”.
I consider them to be a part of my family. We’ve known each other for more
than 13 years. I fully trust them and I know that they would do anything for
me. We are always caring and attentive to each other. I know that it’s not
easy to find a real friendship. I have met lots of fake friends as well. So, now
I try to appreciate the relations that I have with my true ones. Next time when
we meet I will tell you about Helen.
Exercise 1. Make a conversation between two people discussing family and friendship using these questions to help you:
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1. How would you describe your childhood?
2. Do you keep in touch with friends you made at school?
3. What other things are important in a good friendship?
4. Do you have any childhood friendships that are still strong today?
Tell us about them.
5. Do you have any long distance friends?
6. How do you keep in touch with your long-distance friends?
7. How often do you see your long-distance friends?
8. How important is a sense of humour in friendship?
9. Do you think it is a good idea to borrow money from a friend? Why
or why not?
10. Has a friend ever let you down?
11. Have you made any friends over the Internet? How often do you
write to them?
12. Have you ever met them in person?
13. How are your friendships different now than they were when you
were a child?
14. How do you maintain a good friendship?
15. How do you make new friends?
16. How many people do you consider your "best friends?"
17. What do you usually do with your friends?
18. What qualities do you think are important in a friend?
19. What are some things you like about your best friend?
20. Where is a good place to meet new friends?
21. Do you think it would be possible for you still be friends with an
ex-boyfriend or ex-girlfriend?
22. Do you believe your parents should be your friends?
23. What are some ways your best friend has influenced your life in a
positive way?
24. Are you good friends with your family members?
25. What do you do when you have a misunderstanding with your
friend?
26. Do you trust all of your friends? Why?
27. What qualities do you appreciate in your friends? What makes
someone special or best friend?
28. Why are friendships important for you? Do you still maintain
friendships from the past?
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