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Файл:Английский язык для студентов – будущих инженеров. Учебное пособие
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These steps to improve your communication skills will make you feel
more confident and at ease whether in a professional or social setting.
1. Have some interesting topics ready to start a conversation. Say
something about the weather, the place you are in or you can talk about your
weekends. We all have something to say about these topics.
2. Be a good listener. Keep eye contact and react “Yes”, “Right” and
“I know”, “Really, that’s interesting”. These phrases encourage people to talk.
3. Respond with phrases that relate to what the person is talking about.
You can start off with phrases such as “That’s interesting, because”, “That’s
true, because” and “I can relate, because”. Starting your conversation with
these types of words shows that you’re interested on the other person.
4. Don’t talk all the time. Ask “How about you?” in turn and show that
you are interested in the other person because people love to talk about themselves!
5. Ask information questions like “What do you do in your free time?”
“What kind of movies do you like?” Follow-up questions will help to keep
the conversation going. But avoid asking too many questions! It’s not an in-
terrogation.
6. Be positive and smile! Negative comments can sound rude. If you
don’t want to answer a personal question, say “I’m not sure I can answer
that”. And don’t forget to smile. Just be relaxed and be yourself.
Exercise 5. Discuss these questions with your partner.
1. What are the phrases that help to keep the conversation going?
2. What are some good topics to start conversation?
3. What phrases show that you’re interested in the other person?
4. What can you say to show you are listening?
5. Do you ever start conversation with strangers?
6. Is it odd when a stranger talks to you?
7. Are you a talkative person?
8. Are you a good listener?
9. Do you think you talk too much?
10. What do you like to talk about?
11. What topics do you try to avoid?
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Exercise 6. Look at the list below and say which of the things are you
best at? Which do you find very difficult?
– talking to older people;
– talking to younger people;
– talking to people from different countries;
– expressing your opinion;
– expressing your feelings;
– listening when people criticise you;
– avoiding arguments.
W o r d b u i l d i n g
There are different ways of word building in English: compounding,
word-formation with the help of affixes and prefixes and conversion.
Compounding (словосложение)
Compounding occurs when two or more words are joined together to
make one longer word.
Study these examples of:
1. Compound nouns newspaper, bedroom, football, fire-fly.
2. Compound adjectives waterproof, first-class, red-hot.
3. Compound pronouns something, anywhere, anyhow.
Exercise 1. Find some more examples of compound nouns, compound
adjectives and compound pronouns.
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G r a m m a r . A d v e r b s o f f r e q u e n c y
1. Adverbs of frequency go after the verb “to be”.
e.g. The hotel is usually busy in September.
2. With other verb forms, adverbs of frequency go before the
main verb.
e.g. Our customers never complain.
It can sometimes be difficult to find a taxi at night.
My friends have often been to France.
P r e s e n t s i m p l e
1. We use “don’t” or “doesn’t” to form negatives.
e.g. I don't buy many CDs but I buy a lot of computer games. Elza
doesn't play the piano.
2. We use “do” or “does” to form questions.
Do you like music? Does Paul have any interesting hobbies?
3. Short form answers.
Do you use laptop? Yes, I do. /No, I don't.
Does she like her group? Yes, she does. /No, she doesn't.
Spelling:
1. We usually add -s to the verb to make the he/she/it form of the present simple.
work /works, leave/leaves, make/makes
2. If the verb ends in a consonant + y, the y changes to i and we add –es
study/studies, carry/carries, try/tries.
Use
3. We use the present simple to talk about routines, habits, actions
and situations that happen all the time.
Our teacher knows several foreign languages.
Russia is the largest country in the world.
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Typical mistakes
• We do not use the present simple to express offers or suggestions.
I help you? = Can I help you?
• We do not use the present simple to express future actions.
I check for you = I’ll check for you
• We do not use the present simple to talk about temporary situa-
tions or actions.
I work in London this summer = I'm working in London this summer.
Exercise 1. Think of a possible answer to these questions.
1. e.g.: A: What is your favourite mobile phone game?
B: War Thunder________________________
2. A: _______________________________?
B: No, I don’t. I have two brothers.
3. A: _____________________________?
B: She works at Kazan National Research Technological University.
4. A: _____________________________?
B: No, he doesn’t. He works in “Sberbank”.
5. A: _____________________________?
B: No, I don’t. I don’t drive.
6. A: _____________________________?
B: We usually go out for dinner or go to the theatre.
7. A: ____________________________?
B: No, they don’t. They don’t have time.
Exercise 2. Open the brackets.
1. Evelina (speak) English and German fluently.
2. Usually our classes (start) at 8 AM.
3. As a rule I (go) to the university by tram.
4. Students of the group 119181 usually (ask) many questions at the
seminars.
5. At present my friend (work) part-time in MacDonald’s.
6. He often (visit) his parents on holidays.
7. My roommate at the student hostel (like) loud music.
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Exercise 3. Answer the questions giving more information.
1. Do you like Gven Stefani? _e.g._Yes, I do. She is amazing!___
2. Do you like Sam Smith? ___________________
3. What do you think of Rock music? ___________
4. Do you know the band the Queen? ___________
5. Do you go to concerts? ____________________
6. Do you like to listen to pop music? ___________
7. What do you think of the singer Dima Bilan?___
Exercise 4. Complete the text Elmira’s Sunday daily routine with the
correct form of the verb.
Elmira’s Sunday daily routine
What’s Elmira’s Sunday daily routine? Well, she usually (wake up) at
9. She (sleep) for thirty or so minutes more before she (get out) of bed. Then
she (have) a shower and then breakfast. Sometimes she (make) huge breakfast. Next she (check) her social media messages. Usually she (meet) with
her friends in a café and they (go) to the cinema or to the park. When the
weather is bad Elmira (stay) at home and (watch) soap operas on TV.
Exercise 5. Translate from Russian into English.
1. Мой брат любит слушать музыку и скачивает много песен.
2. Есть ли у тебя интересные увлечения?
3. Ильназ делает много ошибок в диктанте.
4. Мне нравится эта песня, а моему другу – нет.
5. Вторая пара в университете начинается в 9:40.
6. Тебе нравится учиться в университете?
7. Она выходит из дома в 6 часов, чтобы успеть на семичасовой
поезд в университет, где она учится.
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U nit 2 . M y d aily r outine
The secret of your future is hidden in your daily routine.
V o c a b u l a r y
Read these words and memorize them:
daily routine
распорядок дня
to afford to do smth
иметь возможность делать что-либо
to work part-time/ to work
half time
работать в режиме неполного рабочего времени
freshman
студент-первокурсник
to cover some of the expenses
покрывать часть расходов
to wake up
просыпаться
to get up
вставать
take a shower
принимать душ
brush my teeth
чистить зубы
twice a week
дважды в неделю
to go out
выйти прогуляться, проводить время
вне дома
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student`s hostel
студенческое общежитие
to go to bed
укладываться спать
to get home
добраться домой
to check social network
messages
переписываться в социальных сетях
change one’s clothes
переодеваться
to do laundry
стирать в стиральной машине
to feel guilty
чувствовать себя виноватым
to surf the Internet
сидеть в интернете
boring
скучный
efficient
работоспособный, продуктивный
alarm
будильник
to get dressed
одеваться
to wear
носить
to fit
сидеть (об одежде)
campus
территория университета
science
наука
to put smth on
одеваться во что-либо
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to try smth on
примерять
to take smth off
cнимать
goes with
подходить (об одежде)
to iron
гладить одежду
comfortable
удобный, комфортный
typical
обычный, типичный
to jog
бегать
T e x t . W o r k i n g d a y o f a n A m e r i c a n s t u d e n t
My name is John Daniels. I am a freshman at Purdue University. It is
a public research university located in West Lafayette, Indiana in the USA.
The university was founded in 1869 after Lafayette businessman John Purdue donated land and money to establish a college of science, technology,
and agriculture in his name.
Picture 1. Purdue University
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As my family is not very rich I can`t afford to live in the campus. But
it is a rule, that every student must spend his or her freshman year on campus.
So, to cover some of the expenses I`ve got to work part-time on the campus.
I work in a sports club café.
Let me tell you about my usual working day. I wake up at 6.30 in the morning. My alarm clock radio wakes me up. My roommate Mitch Newman is a football player. He jogs every morning at 6.00. He is still jogging when I get up.
I take a cold shower and brush my teeth, then I dress myself up and
rush to work – to the café. There I wash dishes and clean the tables. It is not
a very interesting job, but soon I will change it.
My first class starts at 11.00. The professor is never late for his classes.
At 2 PM I eat lunch at the university cafeteria. Then I have two or more
classes. I need to go to the library after classes to do my homework. There
I meet with my friends. I go to swimming-pool twice a week. After library
we go out to the café or just sit outside and talk.
I have dinner at 7 PM at the little Italian restaurant not too far from my
student`s hostel. Or I cook myself in the kitchen in my room. My favourite
food is pizza and Caesar salad. After dinner I watch TV or play football with
my friends. On Friday we go to see the football game. I usually read before
I go to bed. It calms me down after the long day.
Exercise 1. Answer the questions from the text Working day of an
American student.
1. Where does John Daniels study?
2. Is his family a rich one?
3. What is John`s job?
4. What do we know about Purdue University from John`s story/
5. Where does John spend his evenings?
6. What is John`s roommate name?
7. What do we know about him?
8. What does John usually do on Friday nights?
T e x t . D a i l y R o u t i n e . M o r n i n g R o u t i n e s
Exercise 2. Read through these two morning routines. Underline the
correct alternatives. Who is most like you Aleksey or Emil?
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Aleksey
My alarm goes off early, and it takes me ten minutes to eat my breakfast, drink a cup of coffee or tea, have a shower, pack my bag and read the
post and fifteen minutes to get dressed / wear. I start thinking about what I’m
going to get dressed / wear while I have my breakfast.
After a shower, I put on/ wear my underwear and then I look in my
wardrobe and choose a pair of trousers. If they still fit/ look me, I put them
on. If they feel a bit tight around the waist, I try them on / take them off and
spend a few minutes feeling guilty about all those cakes I had last night.
Then, I choose a looser pair of trousers and think about a shirt or a
jacket that goes with / fits it. I usually have on/ try on two or three tops before
I find one that looks / wears right and feels / fits comfortable. Finding a pair
of socks usually takes about five minutes because I can find two dozen odd
pairs, but none that look / match. Bye for now! Sorry, I’m late.
Emil
I get up as late as I possibly can and jump in and out of the shower.
I put on/ fit the trousers I had on/ got dressed yesterday and take a shirt out
of the wardrobe and it doesn’t matter which one as long as it’s ironed. I find
the jacket that fits / goes with the trousers, look down and check that my
socks match / feel, and that’s it.
Nearly all my clothes are either green or dark gray, because I’ve been
told that they are the only colours that suit / match me. So I never really have
to worry about what I look like / go with. The important thing is to make sure
I have enough time to enjoy my favourite cup of coffee...
Exercise 3. Work with a partner. Take it in turns to describe your
morning routines from the moment you get out of bed to the moment you
leave the house.
D i a l o g u e . D a i l y R o u t i n e . E v e n i n g R o u t i n e s
Exercise 4. Read the dialogue between two students. One of them is
an interviewer at a student’s university newspaper and another lives at the
student’s hostel. What does Ilnaz do when he gets home?
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