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Файл:Английский язык для специалистов в сфере государственного и муниципального управления. Учебное пособие
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12. Fill the gaps with the proper words.
Use the words given: target, goals, internal, to pursue, tools.
1. I nternally focused busines s plans ________ intermediate g oals required
to reach the external goals.
2. Operational plans describe the goals of an ________ organization,
working group or depart me nt.
3. Project plans, sometimes known as project frameworks, describe the
________ of a particular project.
4. Business plans are decision-making ________.
5. A business plan should contain whatever information is needed to decide
whether or not ________ a goal.
13. Translate the following collocat i ons.
To be internally focused, to be important to, to be determined by, to be
needed to, to be concerned about, the development of, a restructuring of, to be
called, in conj unction with.
14. Explain the meaning of the following words and word
combinations.
Business plan, externally focused plans, international lending bodies,
external stakeholders, strategic plan, project plan, internally focused business
plan, external goal, exit valuation.
15. Group the words and word-combinations according to their
morphological structure.
To include, internal, project, business, to lend, intermediate, to believe,
investors, international.
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16. Work in small groups. Complete the following phrases:
1) development ___
5) ___ competit i ve advantage
2) balanced ___
3) operational ___
4) ___ financin g
6) for government ___
7) an ___ business plan
8) general ___
17. Find the synonyms and antonyms.
Plan, external, new, item, team, official, formal, brigade, product, old,
internal, strategy.
18. Choose the r i ght word.
1. A business plan is a (formal, short, full) statement of a set of business
goals, the reasons why they are believed attainable, and the plan for reaching
those goals.
2. (Externally, internally) focused plans target goals that are important to
external stakeholders, particularly financial stakeholders.
3. (Intern ally, externally) focused business plans target intermediate goals
required to reach the external goals.
4. Project plans, sometimes known as project frameworks, describe the
goals of a (abstract, indefinite, particular) project.
5. Banks are quite concerned about defaults, so a business plan for a bank
loan will build a (doubtful, mediocre, convincing) case for the organizations
ability to repay the loan.
19. Answer the f ol lowing questions.
1. What is a business plan?
2. What are externally focused plans?
3. What is important to financial stakeholders?
4. What is an internal business plan related to?
5. What is the difference between operational and project plans?
6. What does a bus iness plan for a project require?
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20. Complete t he following sentences us ing the text.
1. Business plans may be ___ or ___ focused.
2. With for-profit entities, external stakeholders include ___ and ___.
3. External s take-hol ders of non-profits include ____ and the clients of the
non-profit's services.
4. Internall y focu sed bus iness plans t arget _ ___ go als r equired t o reach the
____ goals.
5. Business plans that identify and target internal goals, but provide only
general guida nce on how they will be me t are called ___ plans.
6. ___ describe the goals of an internal organization, working group or
department.
7. ___, sometimes known as project frameworks, describe the goals of a
particular project.
8. ___ are decision-making tools.
21. Answer the f ol lowing questions.
1. What is a business plan?
2. What are externally focused plans?
3. What is important to financial stakeholders?
4. What is an internal business plan related to?
5. What is the difference between operational and project plans?
6. What does a bus iness plan for a project require?
22. Do the quiz. Guess the notions described below.
1. A formal statement of a set of business goals, the reasons why they are
believed attainable, and the plan for reaching those goals.
2. Plans that target goals that are important to external stakeholders,
particularly financial stakeholders.
3. The plans that may cover the development of a new product, a new
service, a new IT system, a restructuring of finance, the refurbishing of a
factory or a restructuring of the organization.
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4. Business plans that identify and target internal goals, but provide only
general guida nce on how they will be me t .
5. Plans that describe the goals of an internal organization, working group
or department.
6. Plans that sometimes known as project frameworks, describe the goals
of a particular project.
23. Translate int o Engl is h.
1. Бизнес-план – официальное утверждение ряда деловых целей, при-
чины, почему они полагаются достижимыми, и план относительно достижения этих целей.
2. Бизнес-планы могут быть внутренне или внешне ориентированы.
3. Внутренне сориентированные бизнес-планы предназначаются для
промежуточных целей, требуемых для достижения внешних целей.
4. Внутренний бизнес-план часто разрабатывается вместе со сбалан-
сированной системой показателей или перечнем решающих факторов
успеха.
5. Бизнес-планы, которые определяют внутренние цели и предназна-
чаются для их достижения, но обеспечивают только общее руководство
в том, как они будут выполняться, называют стратегическими планами.
6. Оперативные планы описывают цели внутренней организации, ра-
бочей группы или отдела.
7. Проектные планы, иногда известные как проектные структуры,
описывают цели специфического проекта.
8. Содержание и формат бизнес-плана определяются его целями
и аудиторией.
9. Бизнес-план должен содержать любую информацию, необходимую
для решения поставленной цели.
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24. Write a summary of the text.
1
Scholars – ученые
9
Perspectives – перспективы
2
Protecting – защита
10
Economic grow t h – экономиче-
3
Approaches – подходы
11
Academic – академический
4
Functions – функции
12
Infrastructure establishment – со-
5
Include – включать
13
Administration – управление
6
Improve – улучшать
14
Formulation – формулировка
7
Relevance – актуальность
15
Improve efficiency – повысить
8
Promotion – повышение
16
Classical theories – классические
25. Work in pair s . Correct wrong statements.
1. A business plan is a formal statement of background information about
the organization and team, their leisure activities, expenses and attempts to
reach their goals.
2. External stake-holders of non-profits include donors and the clients of
the non-profit's services.
3. There is no fixed content for a business plan. Rather the content and
format of the bu si ness plan is determ i ned by the goals and audience.
A business plan f or a project requiring equity financing will need to
explain why current resources, upcoming growth opportunities, and sustainable
competitive advantage will lead to a high exit valuation.
26. Read and remember the following word-combinations.
ский рост
здание инфраструктуры
эффективность
теории
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27. Match the col umns.
1) scholars
a) актуальность
2) development
b) определять
3) academic study
c) экономический рост
4) relevance
d) формулировка
5) outsourcing
e) важность
6) functions
f) ученые
7) economic growth
g) включить
8) theories
h) теории
9) partnerships
i) функции
10) include
j) развитие
11) define
k) партнерские отношения
12) importance
l) академическое исследование
13) formulation
m) управление
14) administration
n) аутсорсинг
1. Scholars
A. A term used in v arious senses in various
2. Formulation
B. Is any measure taken to guard a thing against
3. Protection
C. An agreement in which one company hires
28. Match the te rminology expressions and the definitions.
applications, both the material and the abstra ct or
formal
damage caused by outside forces
another company to be responsible for a pl anned or
existing activity that is or could be done internally,
and sometimes involves transferring employees and
assets from one fi rm to another
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4. Relevance
D. The concept of one topic being connected to
another topic in a way that makes it useful to
5. Outsourcing
E. Person who pursues academic and intell ectual
Adjective – Adverb (-ly)
Verb – Noun
scholar –
last –
offer –
help –
consider the second topic when conside ring the first
activities, particularly academics who apply their
intellectualism into expertise in an area of study
29. Form derivat ives according to the model.
public –
practic –
efficiency –
academic –
play –
include –
establishment –
development –
30. Read the text and discuss the main idea of it.
THEORY OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
According to major scho lars, there ar e three main d ifferent types of public
administration and approaches to the field of public administration and
management. Approaches or Theories of public administration help us to
understand the import ance and fun ctions of public admini stration . Key types of
public administration include; Classical Public Administration, New Public
Management , and lastly Postmodern Public Administration.
These theories offer different perspectives on how administrators and
managers pr actice pub lic ad minist ratio n, incl udi ng it s relev ance as an academic
study. Public administration plays a major role through its complex functions,
mainly to improve economic growth, social development promotion,
infrastructure establishment, human development, policy formulation, and
protecting people’s in terests through programs and outsourcing of partnerships
to improve efficiency. Below are the modern and classical theories of public
administration which define types of public administration.
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TOP 4 THEORIES OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
Classical Public Administration Theory
The classical theory of public administration, otherwise better known as
the structural theory of public administration, centers on major variables. It
does not include other theories of administration but promotes the managing of
government institutions through the bureaucracy. The authors of this, namely
Henri Fayol and prominent social scientist Luther Gulick, explained
bureaucratic features, major importance, and elements of classical theory,
including; Unity, Efficiency, Atomism, Specialization, and Command.
New Public Management Theory
New public management is an ideological perspective that aims to improve
organizational performance. In New public management, reforms place an
emphasis on the need to make public Organizations business-like. NPM
emphasizes th at public organization s have become competing ent ities with the
private sec t or , hence there is a need for the adoption of a busine s s model.
New public management introduces important key elements to improve
efficiency, b y shift ing from the traditional model of administration. Importance
of new public management, elements, and characteristics, include; cutting the
red tape, making a people-based economy, customer-first business approach,
and evaluatio n of the competition in the market.
Modern Theory of Public Administration
The modern theories of public administration today, place great emphasis
on the more impo r t an t aspect of the behav i o r al pr ocess and quanti t at i v e an al ysis
through theories borrowed from the schools of thought. Theories of public
administration can not function alone without the scope of modern management
theory which has changed the way public administrators perform duties, and
responsibilit i es, and look out for thei r jobs.
Advancements made by the modern theory of public administration
include the promotion of decentralization, cutting the red tape, focusing on
efficiency, and a culture of putting the customer first. The new public
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management theory modern theory of public administration, enables managers
and managerial systems to evolve into more effective ones from the traditional
models. The modern approach to public administration has been known to be a
theory that its main aim is to produce res ul ts through system s out put .
Post-Modern Public Administration Theory
Postmodern public administration theory was founded by Charles Fox and
Hugh Miller in the year 1995. Post-modern public administration theory
proposes discourse to improve the model of public administration and enhance
policy-making procedures and structures. The postmodern theory of public
administration has created another discipline, within its scope to manage
complexity.
Major effor t s of t hi s theory introdu ce a way t o dive into empi r i cal r es ear ch,
policy analysis, and administrative discourse. Fox and Miller’s proposition
through the post-modern theory of public administration, methodologically
broadens the sphere of public administration principle. It generates a set of
major empirical discoveries in public administration.
31. Fill the gaps with the proper words.
Use the words given and put them in the correct form: scholar,
perspective, administration, administration, theory.
1. According to major ________, there are three main different types of
public administration and approaches to the field of public administration and
management.
2. Approaches or Theories of public administration help us to understand
the importanc e and functions of public ________.
3. These theories offer different _________ on how administrators and
managers practice public administration.
4. Below are the modern and classical _______' of public administration
which define ty pes of public adminis t ration.
5. Public _________ plays a major role through its complex functions.
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32. Translate the following expressions.
1) Public _____
5) Improve _____
Public administration, economic growth, to improve efficiency, classical
theories.
33. Explain the meaning of the following words and word
combinations.
Economic growth, infrastructure establishment, to improve, outsourcing,
relevance, scholars.
34. Group the words and word-combinations according to their
morphological structure.
Administration, to promote, scholars, function, teachers, to include.
35. Work in small groups. Complete the fol lowing phrases.
2) Development ____
3) ____scholars
4) Academic ______
6) Classical _____
7) ____growth
8) Policy____
36. Find the synonyms and antonyms.
Growth, modern, public, theoretical, to destroy, non-classical, discourse,
recession, old, private, classical, include, exclude, empirical, to create,
approach.
37. Choose the right word.
1. According to major (scholars, students, scientists), there are three main
different types of public.
2. These (rules, theories, knowledge ) offer different perspectives on how
administrators and managers practice public administration.
3. Public administration (plays, takes, is) a major role through its complex
function.
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