Добавил:
ivanov666
Опубликованный материал нарушает ваши авторские права? Сообщите нам.
Вуз:
Предмет:
Файл:Английский язык для инженеров. Учебное пособие
.pdf
homes, hospitals, etc.,” agrees Ben Reade, a mechanical engineering
TGD is a massive
construction, measuring 2,335 m in
length with the top being 185 m
above sea level; 13 cities, 140
towns, and over 1,600 villages
have been submerged under its
reservoir. The entire north-to-south
project costs $62 billion to
complete.
Everything about the structure is recordbreaking: the highest number of stories in the
world, the highest outdoor observation deck, the
highest occupied floor, the tallest service
elevator, and the longest elevator travel distance.
The tower’s architecture style is derived from
Construction of the Brenner Base
Tunnel began in 2008 as a joint effort
between Austria and Italy to create a 55kilometer railway tunnel directly through
the base of the Brenner massif portion of
Alps.
The Brenner Pass section is considered
student at Edinburgh Napier University.
The tallest free-standing structure in the world is situated in Dubai,
United Arab Emirates. Burj Khalifa, translated to “Khalifa Tower,” is the
tallest of all skyscrapers with its 829.8 m length.
patterning systems of Islamic architecture.
SpaceX’s reusable launch system development program is tasked
with designing a launch system that is reusable upon landing in order to
facilitate affordable commercial spaceflight. Unlike traditional rockets,
which dispose their boosters after liftoff, the Grasshopper rocket system
remains intact for full reusability; this will drive the cost of spaceflight
drastically lower as valuable components are not wasted. While highaltitude launches and landings are still being tested, SpaceX has
successfully managed to vertically land a rocket from an altitude of 250
feet, to the exact spot from where it took off.
31
one of the key traffic connections between northern and southern Europe.
The initial AutoCAD was released in
1982 and the ever-popular 3D-modeling
software, Solid works, came about in 1995.
Modern CAD software allows engineers to
shorten design cycles by recreating
working models in a manipulative medium
to test all.
The BBT seeks to provide an alternate railway shipping route between
North and South Tyrol that permits faster transportation. BBT is slated
for completion in 2025. It will be 1,600 m below the surface at its
deepest point.
Millau Viaduct (across the valley of the River Tarn, France) is the
tallest bridge in all of human civilization; each post measures 343 m
from top to base. The bridge received a 2006 IABSE Outstanding
Structure Award for its integrity in light of its slender elegance.
“The rise of computer-aided software (CAD) has greatly increased
engineering companies productivity. Now physical conditions, such as
light eliminations, can be simulated in the digital world with great ease.
In addition, this software is so affordable, it can be readily available to
small business and private consumer.
You’ll scarcely see a person not peering into their Smartphone
while waiting in a line these days. The combination of Wi-Fi and
portable Internet access connects us to an unceasing flow of information,
hampered only by empty batteries or a dropped signal. The term “Wi-Fi”
is actually a trademarked name referring to the data-exchange
technology.
32
This technology may owe its conception to the 80’s, but official
1. электростанция
2. необработанная энергия
3. отдельно стоящее
сооружение
4. запуски и приземления
5. транспортные развязки
6. реальный масштаб
7. многоразового использования
8. автоматизированное
программное обеспечение
9. физические условия
10. воссоздание рабочих
моделей
11. доступ к интернету
12. соединение устройств
13. передвигаться с места на
место
14. технология обмена данными
15. широкое применение
16. непрерывный поток
информации
17. легко доступный
8
commercializing of the term “Wi-Fi,” and its subsequent proliferation
began in the year 2000.
Wi-Fi has allowed us to move from place to place seamlessly
without thinking much about maintaining the connectivity of our
devices.
Another interesting fact: Smartphones have existed in Japan since
1999, but have only gained mass adoption around the mid-2000s.8
4.2 Find English equivalents in part 2 of the text
Task 5. Here are some great engineering achievements of the 20th
century. Put in order from the most important to the least. Compare
your list with other students. Give your arguments
Example: I think Water supply and distribution is the most important it
makes our life convenient and safe.
1. Electrification
2. Automobile
3. Airplane
4. Water Supply and Distribution
:http://www.electronicproducts.com/Electromechanical_Components/Electromechanical_Switches/Top_10_engineering_advanc
ements_of_21st_century.aspx?fromrss=1
33
5. Electronics
6. Radio and Television
7. Agricultural Mechanization
8. Computers
9. Telephone
10. Air Conditioning and Refrigeration
11. Highways
12. Spacecraft
13. Internet
14. Imaging (обработка изображения)
15. Household Appliances
16. Health Technologies
17. Petroleum and Petrochemical Technologies
18. Laser and Fiber Optics
19. Nuclear Technologies
20. High-performance Materials
Task 6. Make a presentation about engineering achievements which
you think are the most important (choose 3-4 from the list)
Self-check Unit 4
1. What are the most important engineering achievements of the 20th
century?
2. Who are the most notable engineers and what are their inventions?
3. Which inventions of the 21st century have changed our life greatly?
4. Which invention do you think is the most important?
5. What are the latest engineering achievements of the 21st century?
6. When did the first Smartphone appear?
7. What does “Wi-Fi” mean?
8. What does CAD mean?
34
Unit 5. Engineering
engineering
skill
tool
transmission
nozzle
solid
heating
thermal environment
friction
semiconductors
branch
related to
deal with
manufacture
be subjected to
analyze
withstand
determine
provide with
vibration
force
rewarding
subsystem
vehicle
type of an engineer
deals with
Scientists dream about doing great things. Engineers do them.
Task 1. Translate the words and memorize them
James A Michener
Task 2. Read the text, translate it and fill in the chart below
There are a lot of branches in engineering. Mechanical engineers
are experts in the design and manufacture of tools and machines.
35
Mechanical engineering has marine, automobile, aeronautical, heating
9
and ventilating branches.
Electrical engineering deals with producing and applying electricity
in various fields of national economy. It has the following branches:
electrical installation (электрооборудование), electrical generation,
lightning, etc.
Components and equipment for computing and communicating are
the products of electronic engineering. Civil engineering deals with
constructing bridges, roads and airports.
A mechanical engineer is a specialist in all fields related to
machines, kinematics, thermodynamics and tools. One of the oldest
disciplines of engineering, mechanical engineering is one of the largest
producers of engineers around the world today, closely followed by civil
and aeronautical engineers. Working as a mechanical engineer is known
to be an enriching and rewarding experience and the job description
involves working to plan, build and examine motor-powered vehicles,
manufacturing plants, airplanes, industrial equipment, cybernetics and
much more. These engineers are in a highly lucrative position and
considering that mechanical engineering is an extraordinarily
comprehensive field, the engineer can specialize in a number of areas
including, applied mechanics, bioengineering, manufacturing
engineering and nuclear engineering to name a few. The oldest
documented mechanical engineers can be traced back to Ancient Greece
and can be seen in the works of Archimedes. Zhang Heng, the inventor
of the seismometer and the water clock, lived between the periods of
78 ‒ 139 AD, who left behind a great legacy related to ‘mechanics’
around the world. 9
Task 3. Speak about branches of engineering mentioned in the text
Task 4. Read the text and answer the following questions
1. What is mechanical engineering?
2. What is a mechanical engineer’s role?
3. What should a mechanical engineer know?
http://www.thefamouspeople.com/mechanical‒engineers.php#wR5FxDfucVV6XVhr.99
36
4. What skill is the mechanical engineer’s exclusive domain?
5. What does engineering job include?
6. What industries can mechanical engineers work in?
7. What do mechanical engineers learn about?
8. What will engineering education provide students with?
Mechanical engineering is a diverse subject that derives its breadth
from the need to design and manufacture everything from small
individual parts and devices (e.g., micro scale sensors and inkjet printer
nozzles) to large systems (e.g., spacecraft and machine tools). The role of
a mechanical engineer is to take a product from an idea to the
marketplace. In order to accomplish this, a broad range of skills are
needed. The mechanical engineer needs to acquire particular skills and
knowledge. He/she needs to understand the forces and the thermal
environment that a product, its parts, or its subsystems will encounter; to
design them for functionality, aesthetics, and the ability to withstand the
forces and the thermal environment they will be subjected to; and to
determine the best way to manufacture them and ensure they will operate
without failure. Perhaps the one skill that is the mechanical engineer’s
exclusive domain is the ability to analyze and design objects and systems
with motion.
Since these skills are required for virtually everything that is made,
mechanical engineering is perhaps the broadest and most diverse of
engineering disciplines. Mechanical engineers play a central role in such
industries as automotive (from the car chassis to its every subsystem ‒
engine, transmission, sensors); aerospace (airplanes, aircraft engines,
control systems for airplanes and spacecraft); biotechnology (implants,
prosthetic devices, fluidic systems for pharmaceutical industries);
computers and electronics (disk drives, printers, cooling systems,
semiconductor tools); micro electromechanical systems, or MEMS
(sensors, actuators, micro power generation); energy conversion (gas
turbines, wind turbines, solar energy, fuel cells); environmental control
(HVAC отопление, вентиляция и кондиционирование воздуха), airconditioning, refrigeration, compressors); automation (robots, data and
image acquisition, recognition, control); manufacturing (machining,
machine tools, prototyping, micro fabrication).
To put it simply, mechanical engineering deals with anything that
moves, including the human body, a very complex machine. Mechanical
37
engineers learn about materials, solid and fluid mechanics,
tool
definition
1. adapter
a. a hand tool for turning a screw, consisting of a
handle attached to a long, narrow shank, usually of
metal, which tapers and flattens out to a tip that fits
into the slotted head of a screw
2. bolt
b. a tool or device for cutting, typically a thin blade of
metal with a series of sharp teeth
3. chisel
c. connector for joining parts or devices having
different sizes, designs, etc., enabling them to be fitted
or to work together
10
thermodynamics, heat transfer, control, instrumentation, design, and
manufacturing to understand mechanical systems. Specialized
mechanical engineering subjects include biomechanics, cartilage-tissue
(ткань хряща) engineering, energy conversion, laser-assisted materials
processing, combustion, MEMS (микроэлектромеханические
системы), micro fluidic devices, fracture mechanics, nanomechanics,
mechanisms, micro power generation, tribology* (friction and wear), and
vibrations. The American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
currently lists 36 technical divisions, from advanced energy systems and
aerospace engineering to solid-waste engineering and textile engineering.
The breadth of the mechanical engineering discipline allows
students a variety of career options beyond some of the industries listed
above. Regardless of the particular path they envision for themselves
after they graduate, their education will have provided them with the
creative thinking that allows them to design an exciting product or
system, the analytical tools to achieve their design goals, the ability to
overcome all constraints, and the teamwork needed to design, market,
and produce a system. These valuable skills could also launch a career in
medicine, law, consulting, management, banking, finance, and so on.
tribology* ‒ трибология (научная дисциплина, связанная с
изучением трения и износа деталей машин и механизмов)10
Task 5. Match a tool and its definition
http://me.columbia.edu/what‒mechanical‒engineering
38
4. nut
d. a tool consisting of a solid head, usually of metal,
set crosswise on a handle, used for beating metals,
driving nails, etc
5. plug
e. a block, usually of metal and generally square or
hexagonal, perforated with a threaded hole so that it
can be screwed down on a bolt to hold together objects
through which the bolt passes
6. screw
f. a shaft like tool with two or more cutting edges for
making holes in firm materials, especially by rotation
7. screwdriver
g. a movable bar or rod that when slid into a socket
fastens a door, gate, etc.
8. spanner
h. a slender, typically rod‒shaped rigid piece of metal
for hammering into or through wood, other building
materials, etc.
9. washer
i. a device to which may be attached the conductors of
a cord and which by insertion in a jack, or screwing
into a receptacle, establishes contact
10. saw
j. a tool for gripping and turning or twisting the head
of a bolt, a nut, a pipe, or the like, commonly
consisting of a bar of metal with fixed or adjustable
jaws
11. hammer
k. a wedge like tool with a cutting edge at the end of
the blade, often made of steel, used for cutting or
shaping wood, stone, etc.
12. drill
l. a wrench, especially one with fixed jaws
13. nail
m. small pincers with long jaws, for bending wire,
holding small objects, etc. (usually used with pair of)
14. vice
n. a long, flexible strip or ribbon, as of cloth or metal,
marked with subdivisions of the foot or meter and used
for measuring
15. wrench
o. a flat ring or perforated piece of leather, rubber,
metal, etc., used to give tightness to a joint, to prevent
leakage, to distribute pressure, etc., as under the head
of a nut or bolt
16. pliers
p. a metal fastener having a tapered shank with a
helical thread, and topped with a slotted head, driven
into wood or the like by rotating, especially by means
of a screwdriver
39
17. tape
measure
q. any of various devices, usually having two jaws that
may be brought together or separated by means of a
screw, lever, or the like, used to hold an object firmly
while work is being done on it
Task 6. Look at the pictures and name the tools
a b c d
e f g h
i j k
Task 7. Write an essay about your future career
Self-check Unit 5
1. What is mechanical engineering?
2. What is a mechanical engineer’s role?
3. What should a mechanical engineer know?
4. What does engineering job include?
5. What industries can mechanical engineers work in?
6. What do mechanical engineers learn about?
7. What will engineering education provide students with?
8. What tools do you know?
40
Соседние файлы в предмете [НЕСОРТИРОВАННОЕ]