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Файл:Linguistic and Cultural Studies of English-speaking countries. Лингвострановедение. Англоязычные страны. Учебное пособие
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6. Then cut it, dear Henry, dear Henry, dear Henry,
Then cut it, dear Henry, dear Henry, cut it.
Henry:
7. With what shall I cut it, dear Liza, dear Liza?
With what shall I cut it, dear Liza, with what?
Liza:
8. With an axe, dear Henry, dear Henry, dear Henry,
With an axe, dear Henry, dear Henry, an axe.
Henry:
9. The axe is too dull, dear Liza, dear Liza,
The axe is too dull, dear Liza, too dull.
Liza:
10. Then sharpen it, dear Henry, dear Henry, dear Henry,
Then sharpen it, dear Henry, dear Henry, sharpen it.
Henry:
11. With what shall I sharpen it, dear Liza, dear Liza?
With what shall I sharpen it, dear Liza, with what?
Liza:
12. With a stone, dear Henry, dear Henry, dear Henry,
With a stone, dear Henry, dear Henry, a stone.
Henry:
13. The stone is too dry, dear Liza, dear Liza,
The stone is too dry, dear Liza, too dry.
Liza:
14. Then wet it, dear Henry, dear Henry, dear Henry,
Then wet it, dear Henry, dear Henry, wet it.
Henry:
15. With what shall I wet it, dear Liza, dear Liza?
With what shall I wet, dear Liza, with what?
Liza:
16. With water, dear Henry, dear Henry, dear Henry,
With water, dear Henry, dear Henry, with water.
Henry:
17. In what shall I get it, dear Liza, dear Liza?
In what shall I get it, dear Liza, in what?
Liza:
18. In a bucket, dear Henry, dear Henry, dear Henry,
In a bucket, dear Henry, dear Henry, in a bucket.
Henry:
19. There’s a hole in my bucket, dear Liza, dear Liza,
There’s a hole in my bucket, dear Liza, a hole.
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12. ‘Greensleeves’ is a traditional English folk song. It was published in the 16th
century. There is a belief that ‘Greensleeves’ was composed by Henry VIII for his
lover and future queen consort Anne Boleyn. Perhaps her rejection to King Henry’s
attempts to seduce her may be referred to in the song. However, Henry did not compose ‘Greensleeves’, which is probably Elizabethan in origin and is based on an Italian style of composition that did not reach England until after his death.
One possible interpretation of the lyrics is that Lady Green Sleeves was a promiscuous young woman and perhaps a bawd. At the time, the word “green” had sexual
connotations, most notably in the phrase “a green gown”, a reference to the way that
grass stains might be seen on a lady’s dress if she had made love outside.
In Nevill Coghill's translation of The Canterbury Tales, he explains that “green”
(for Chaucer’s age) was the colour of lightness in love.
GREENSLEEVES
English Folk Song
1. Alas, my love, you do me wrong,
To cast me off discourteously.
For I have loved you well and long,
Delighting in your company.
CHORUS:
Greensleeves was all my joy,
Greensleeves was my delight,
Greensleeves was my heart of gold,
And who but my Lady Greensleeves.
2. I have been ready at your hand
To grant whatever you would crave,
I have both waged life and land,
Your love and goodwill for to have.
CHORUS
3. Your vows you’ve broken, like my heart,
Oh, why did you so enrapture me?
Now I remain in a world apart
But my heart remains in captivity.
CHORUS
4. If you intend thus to disdain,
It does the more enrapture me,
And even so, I still remain
A lover in captivity.
CHORUS
5. My men were clothed all in green,
And they did ever wait on thee;
All this was gallant to be seen,
And yet thou wouldst not love me.
CHORUS
6. Thou couldst desire no earthly thing,
But still thou hadst it readily.
Thy music still to play and sing;
And yet thou wouldst not love me.
CHORUS
7. Well, I will pray to God on high,
That thou my constancy mayst see,
And that yet once before I die,
Thou wilt vouchsafe to love me.
CHORUS
8. Ah, Greensleeves, now farewell, adieu,
To God I pray to prosper thee,
For I am still thy lover true,
Come once again and love me.
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Перевод С. Я. Маршака
1. За что, за что, моя любовь,
За что меня сгубила ты?
Неужто не припомнишь вновь
Того, кого забыла ты?
Твоим зеленым рукавам
Я жизнь без ропота отдам.
Я ваш, пока душа жива,
Зеленые рукава!
2. Я для тебя дышал и жил,
Тебе по капле отдал кровь,
Свою я душу заложил,
Чтоб заслужить твою любовь.
Твоим зеленым рукавам
Я жизнь без ропота отдам.
Я ваш, пока душа жива,
Зеленые рукава!
3. Я наряжал тебя в атлас
От головы до ног твоих,
Купил сверкающий алмаз
Для каждой из серег твоих.
Твоим зеленым рукавам
Я жизнь без ропота отдам.
Я ваш, пока душа жива,
Зеленые рукава!
4. Купил я красные чулки,
Расшитые узорами,
Купил тебе я башмачки
Нарядные, с подборами.
6. Купил гранатовую брошь,
Браслета два для рук твоих.
Таких браслетов не найдешь
Ты на руках подруг твоих.
7. Из серебра купил ножи,
Позолотил их заново.
У самой знатной госпожи
Такого нет приданого.
8. Тебе прислал я слуг своих
В твоем дому прислуживать.
В зеленый шелк одел я их,
И в галуны, и в кружево,
9. Чтоб на руках тебя несли
Они порой ненастною,
Чтоб не коснулась ты земли
Подошвою атласною.
10. Весь день твой услаждают слух
И музыка и пение.
Но ты меня, мой милый друг,
Отвергла тем не менее.
11. Одну надежду я таю,
Что, как ты жестока ни будь,
Любовь несчастную мою
Вознаградишь когда-нибудь!
12. Пусть ты глуха к моим мольбам,
Мучительница милая,
Твоим зеленым рукавам
Послушен до могилы я.
Твоим зеленым рукавам
Я жизнь безропотно отдам.
Зеленые, словно весною трава,
Зеленые рукава!
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13. ‘For He’s A Jolly Good Fellow’ is a song which is sung to congratulate a
person on a significant event, such as weddings, anniversaries, retirements, birthdays,
the birth of a child, or the winning of a championship sporting event.
According to the Guinness Book of World Records, “For He’s a Jolly Good Fellow” is the second-most popular song in the English language, following “Happy
Birthday to You” and followed by “Auld Lang Syne”. It is frequently used instead of
‘Happy Birthday to You’.
FOR HE’S A JOLLY GOOD FELLOW
Popular English Social Song
British version
For he’s a jolly good fellow,
For he’s a jolly good fellow,
For he’s a jolly good fellow, (pause)
CHORUS:
And so say all of us.
And so say all of us,
And so say all of us!
For he’s a jolly good fellow,
For he’s a jolly good fellow,
For he's a jolly good fellow, (pause)
CHORUS
American version
For he’s a jolly good fellow,
For he’s a jolly good fellow,
For he’s a jolly good fellow, (pause)
CHORUS
Which nobody can deny.
Which nobody can deny,
Which nobody can deny!
For he’s a jolly good fellow,
For he’s a jolly good fellow,
For he’s a jolly good fellow, (pause)
CHORUS
14. ‘The Twelve Days of Christmas’ is an English Christmas carol. The Twelve
Days of Christmas are the twelve festive days starting Christmas Day (25 December).
This period is also known as Christmastide. The Twelfth Day of Christmas is 5 January, with the celebrations of Christmas traditionally ending on Twelfth Night, the
close of the Christmas festivities. In the song 12 Christmas presents are given. On
each of the twelve days of Christmas a new gift is added to those already given on all
the previous days. The song was first published in England in 1780.
“The Twelve Days of Christmas” is a cumulative song, meaning that each verse is
built on top of the previous verses. There are twelve verses, each describing a gift
given by “my true love” on one of the twelve days of Christmas. In each verse the
singer names the new present and repeats in reverse order the list of all the presents.
The singer always begins with the last present and ends with the first one.
The song was not English in origin, but French, though it is considered an English carol.
“The Twelve Days of Christmas” is a cumulative song, meaning that each verse is
built on top of the previous verses. There are twelve verses, each describing a gift
given by "my true love" on one of the twelve days of Christmas. In this song the tempo increases from verse to verse. The last verse is sung at top speed.
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TWELVE DAYS OF CHRISTMAS
1. On the first day of Christmas
my true love sent to me:
A Partridge in a Pear Tree
2. On the second day of Christmas
my true love sent to me:
Two Turtle Doves
and a Partridge in a Pear Tree
3. On the third day of Christmas
my true love sent to me:
Three French Hens,
Two Turtle Doves
and a Partridge in a Pear Tree
4. On the fourth day of Christmas
my true love sent to me:
Four Colly Birds,
Three French Hens,
Two Turtle Doves
and a Partridge in a Pear Tree
7. On the seventh day of Christmas
my true love sent to me:
Seven Swans a-Swimming,
Six Geese a-Laying,
Five Golden Rings,
Four Colly Birds,
Three French Hens,
Two Turtle Doves
and a Partridge in a Pear Tree
8. On the eighth day of Christmas
my true love sent to me:
Eight Maids a-Milking,
Seven Swans a-Swimming,
Six Geese a-Laying,
Five Golden Rings,
Four Colly Birds,
Three French Hens,
Two Turtle Doves
and a Partridge in a Pear Tree
5. On the fifth day of Christmas
my true love sent to me:
Five Golden Rings,
Four Colly Birds,
Three French Hens,
Two Turtle Doves
and a Partridge in a Pear Tree
6. On the sixth day of Christmas
my true love sent to me:
Six Geese a-Laying,
Five Golden Rings,
Four Colly Birds,
Three French Hens,
Two Turtle Doves
and a Partridge in a Pear Tree
9. On the ninth day of Christmas
my true love sent to me:
Nine Ladies Dancing,
Eight Maids a-Milking,
Seven Swans a-Swimming,
Six Geese a-Laying,
Five Golden Rings,
Four Colly Birds,
Three French Hens,
Two Turtle Doves
and a Partridge in a Pear Tree
10. On the tenth day of Christmas
my true love sent to me:
Ten Lords a-Leaping,
Nine Ladies Dancing,
Eight Maids a-Milking,
Seven Swans a-Swimming,
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Six Geese a-Laying,
Five Golden Rings,
Four Colly Birds,
Three French Hens,
Two Turtle Doves
and a Partridge in a Pear Tree
11. On the eleventh day of Christmas
my true love sent to me:
Eleven Pipers Piping,
Ten Lords a-Leaping,
Nine Ladies Dancing,
Eight Maids a-Milking,
Seven Swans a-Swimming,
Six Geese a-Laying,
Five Golden Rings,
Four Colly Birds,
Three French Hens,
Two Turtle Doves
and a Partridge in a Pear Tree
12. On the twelfth day of Christmas
my true love sent to me:
Twelve Drummers Drumming,
Eleven Pipers Piping,
Ten Lords a-Leaping,
Nine Ladies Dancing,
Eight Maids a-Milking,
Seven Swans a-Swimming,
Six Geese a-Laying,
Five Golden Rings,
Four Colly Birds,
Three French Hens,
Two Turtle Doves
and a Partridge in a Pear Tree!
partridge – серая куропатка colly = black
turtle dove – kind of pigeon noted for cooking a-Laying – laying eggs
French hen – red-legged French partridge a-Leaping – jumping
piper – bagpipe player
15. ‘Amazing Grace’ (в переводе с английского «Изумительная благодать
Господня»; в русской интерпретации «О, благодать») is a Christian hymn written
by English poet and clergyman John Newton (1725–1807), published in 1779.
“Amazing Grace” is one of the most recognizable songs in the English-speaking
world. Its message is the forgiveness is possible regardless of the sins people commit
and that the soul can be delivered from despair through the mercy of God.
Newton wrote the words from personal experience. He was pressed into the
Royal Navy and became a sailor, participating in the slave trade. One night a terrible storm battered his vessel so severely that he became frightened enough to
call out to God for mercy, a moment that marked the beginning of his spiritual
conversion and he began studying theology. In 1764 Newton became curate and
began to write hymns with poet William Cowper. “Amazing Grace” was written
in 1773. In 1835 in the United States “Amazing Grace” was joined to a tune
named “New Britain” to which it is most frequently sung today.
Author Gilbert Chase writes that “Amazing Grace” is “without a doubt the
most famous of all the folk hymns”. Jonathan Aitken, a Newton biographer, estimates that it is performed about 10 million times annually.
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AMAZING GRACE
Amazing grace! How sweet the sound
That saved a wretch like me!
I once was lost, but now am found;
Was blind, but now I see.
’Twas grace that taught my heart to fear,
And grace my fears relieved;
How precious did that grace appear
The hour I first believed!
Through many dangers, toils and snares,
I have already come;
’Tis grace hath brought me safe thus far,
And grace will lead me home.
The Lord has promised good to me,
His Word my hope secures;
He will my Shield and Portion be,
As long as life endures.
Yea, when this flesh and heart shall fail,
And mortal life shall cease,
I shall possess, within the veil,
A life of joy and peace.
The earth shall soon dissolve like snow,
The sun forbear to shine;
But God, who called me here below,
Will be forever mine.
When we’ve been there ten thousand years,
Bright shining as the sun,
We’ve no less days to sing God’s praise
Than when we’d first begun.
16. ‘My Love is Like a Red, Red Rose’ is one of the most famous songs that
Robert Burns wrote and first published in 1794. Burns wrote it as a traditional ballad,
four verses of four lines each. Burns referred to it as a “simple old Scots song which I
had picked up in the country.”
The lyrics of the song are simple but effective. “My luve's like a red, red
rose/That's newly sprung in June” describe a love that is both fresh and long lasting.
David Daiches in his work describes Burns as “the greatest songwriter Britain has
produced” for his work in improving traditional Scots songs including "Red, Red
Rose" which he described as a “combination of tenderness and swagger.”
Burns worked for the final ten years of his life on projects to preserve traditional Scottish songs for the future.
A RED, RED ROSE
(Words by Robert Burns)
O my Luve's like a red, red rose
That’s newly sprung in June;
O my Luve's like the melodie
That’s sweetly play'd in tune.
As fair art thou, my bonnie lass,
So deep in luve am I:
And I will luve thee still, my dear,
Till a’ the seas gang dry:
Till a’ the seas gang dry, my dear,
And the rocks melt wi’ the sun:
I will luve thee still, my dear,
While the sands o’ life shall run.
And fare thee weel, my only Luve
And fare thee weel, a while!
And I will come again, my Luve,
Tho’ it were ten thousand mile.
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Перевод Д. Тим
1.
Любовь моя – как роза
с цветущего куста!
Без фальши и без позы как песенка проста!
Сколь ты собой прекрасна верна любовь моя,
и смерти неподвластна, хоть высохнут моря!
Пусть высохнут все воды,
рассыплется гранит!..
Пусть жизнь считает годы, душа любовь хранит!
Иду вслед за судьбою,
но знай, что в бурю, в штиль,
чтоб снова быть с тобою пройду сто тысяч миль!
2.
Прекрасней красных свежих роз
цветёт любовь во мне!
Звучит мотивом сладких грёз
в настроенной струне!
Сколь ты сверкаешь красотой –
в любви столь крепок я!
Любовь к тебе – всегда со мной,
хоть высохнут моря!
Пусть высохнут моря вокруг,
сотрутся камни гор, любовь останется, мой друг, она прочней всего!
И не прощаюсь я теперь!
Вернусь к тебе опять –
хоть десять тысяч миль, поверь,
пришлось бы прошагать!
PART TEN
AMERICAN SONGS
LECTURE 27: MUSIC OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
The History of American Music
Folk Music of the USA
American Songs
The United States is often said to be a cultural melting pot consisting of numerous ethnic groups. Many of these peoples have kept alive the folk traditions of their
homeland, often producing American styles music.
American music can be traced back to specific origins. Elements of foreign music arrived in the United States include West African music through slavery, and Irish
music through immigration.
By the 19th century, African American folk traditions were well-known and
widespread, and African American musical techniques and instruments became a part
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of American music through spirituals and slave songs. African American musical
styles became an integral part of American popular music through blues, jazz, rhythm
and blues, and then rock and roll, soul and hip hop.
Folk music in the US is varied across the country’s numerous ethnic groups.
The Native American tribes play their own varieties of folk music, most of it spiritual
in nature. African American music includes blues and gospel. West African music
brought to the USA by slaves and mixed with Western European music. During the
colonial era, English, French and Spanish styles and instruments were brought to
America. By the early 20th century, the United States had become a major center for
folk music from around the world, including Ukrainian and Polish music, Jewish music and several kinds of Latin music.
Traditional instrumentations uses the flute and many kinds of percussion instruments, like drums, rattles and shakers.
The Thirteen Colonies of the original United States were all former English possessions, and Anglo culture became a major foundation for American folk and popular music.
The first European settlers in America were English speaking. They brought
their language, their customs and their skills. They also brought their songs. Many
American folk songs are identical to British songs in arrangements, but with new lyrics. Anglo-American traditional music also includes a variety of ballads, humorous
stories, and disaster songs regarding mining, shipwrecks and murder.
1. ‘Jingle Bells’ is one of the best known and commonly sung winter songs in
the world.
Jingle Bells, one of the most famous American Christmas songs, was originally
written for Thanksgiving. The author and composer of Jingle Bells was a minister
James Lord Pierpoint who composed the song in 1857 for children celebrating his
Boston Sunday School Thanksgiving. The song was so popular that it was repeated at
Christmas. A traditional Christmas is captured in the lyrics of Jingle Bells and the
sound effects using the bells have become synonymous with the arrival of Father
Christmas or Santa Claus to the delight of children of all ages.
The word “jingle” means a certain kind of bell. The narrator takes a ride with a
girl and loses control of the sleigh. He falls out of the sleigh and a rival laughs at him.
And he gives advice to a friend, who then picks up some girls, finds a faster horse,
and takes off at full speed.
JINGLE BELLS
1. Dashing through the snow, in a one-horse open sleigh,
O'er the fields we go, laughing all the way.
Bells on Bobtail ring, making spirits bright,
What fun it is to ride and sing a sleighing song tonight!
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CHORUS:
Jingle bells, jingle bells, jingle all the way.
Oh! What fun it is to ride in a one-horse open sleigh!
Jingle bells, jingle bells, jingle all the way.
Oh! What fun it is to ride in a one-horse open sleigh!
2. A day or two ago, I thought I’d take a ride,
And soon Miss Fannie Bright was sitting by my side.
The horse was lean and lank, misfortune was his lot.
He got into a snowdrift bank – and we? We got upsot!
CHORUS
3. So now the moon is bright, enjoy it while you’re young.
Invite your friends tonight to sing this sleighing song.
Just get a bob-tailed nag and give him extra feed.
Then hitch him to an open sleigh – and crack! You’ll take the lead!
CHORUS
Bobtail – a nickname for a horse with a short or “bobbed” tail nag = horse
upsot – the past tense of upset o’er = over
2. ‘Billy Boy’ is a Protestant song from Glasgow. It originated in the 1930s as the
song of a Glasgow street gang led by Billy Fullerton. It is associated in particular
with Rangers football club. It is also sung by supporters of other football clubs, using
slightly different lyrics.
In the New World a woman’s work was essential for her family’s survival. For the
first two hundred years of American life, almost everything that the family ate or
wore was produced at home. Women helped to plow the fields, plant seeds and pick
crops. They made wheat or corn into flour and made the flour into bread. Women
made clothes. A girl who learned to cook and sew well became a valuable wife.
In the song, Billy’s mother questions him about the girl he plans to marry. Like a
mother in any country, she wants her son to find a wife who is polite (“Did she ask
you to come in?”), attractive (“How tall is she?”), skillful at housekeeping (“Can she
bake a cherry pie?” “Can she make a feather bed?”) and young (“How old is she?”).
In answering his mother, Billy is joking speaking about the qualities of the girl he
wants to marry.
BILLY BOY
1. Oh, where have you been, Billy Boy, Billy Boy,
Oh, where have you been, charming Billy?
I have been to seek a wife, she’s the joy of my life,
She’s a young thing and cannot leave her mother.
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