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Файл:Improve your vocabulary and grammar. For classwork and selfstudy. Учебное пособие
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B
1. studying the Universe
а) изучая вселенную
б) изученная вселенная
2. bacteria discovered
а) бактерии, открытые
б) бактерии, открывающие
3. houses built in London
а) дома, построенные в Лондоне
б) дома, строящиеся в Лондоне
4. meat frozen in a
refrigerator
а) мясо, замораживающееся в
холодильнике
б) мясо, замороженное в
холодильнике
5. bacteria living in water
а) живя в воде, бактерии
б) бактерии, живущие в воде
6. scientists discovering
new laws
а) ученые, открывающие новые
законы
б) открывая новые законы, ученые
7. discoveries made
а) открытия, сделанные
б) открытия, делающие
8. early historians known
а) древние историки, известные
б) древние историки знали
9. using a transformer
а) используя трансформатор
б) использующийся трансформатор
10. new laws proving
а) новые законы, доказывающие
б) доказывая новые законы
11. the students discussing
а) обсуждая студентов
б) студенты, обсуждающие
12. the work done
а) сделанная работа
б) работу сделали
VIII. Выберите правильный вариант.
A
1. The …ring belonged to her grandmother.
a) losing b) lost
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2. He is very … in politics, he reads newspapers every morning.
a) interesting b) interested
3. The tomatoes…yesterday are all bad.
a) buying b) bought
4. The Great Wall of China …about 2,200 years ago by Shi Huangdi
is visited by thousands of tourists.
a) completing b) completed
5. He sat by the window …out from time to time.
a) looking b) looked
6. I saw Anna…at the bus stop.
a) standing b) stood
7. Spanish…in many countries is a useful language for traveling.
a) speaking b) spoken
8. …his book he consulted numerous documents.
a) Writing b) Written
9. A big box of Roman jewellery …in the 1st century BC was found
by a farmer.
a) making b) made
10. Arabic…from right to left is difficult for Europeans.
a) writing b) written
11. His plan is quite…. We’ll discuss it.
a) interesting b) interested
12. I saw a man…white trainers, blue jeans and a pink shirt.
a) wearing b) worn
13. I’m terribly… . Please, make me a cup of tea.
a) tiring b) tired
14. Your suggestion is quite… . We’ll consider it.
a) interesting b) interested
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15. We are… in opening a new market in this region.
a) interesting b) interested
16. The town…for the Championship needs a new sport palace.
a) choosing b) chosen
17. The e-mail…on Monday didn’t reach them. There’s something
wrong with their server.
a) sending b) sent
18. Do you know the people…next door?
a) living b) lived
19. I saw a woman…a yellow hat.
a) wearing b) worn
20. We were in the church…in the 16th century.
a) building b) built
21. St. Paul’s Cathedral, …by Christopher Wren, is one of the most
beautiful architectural monuments in London.
a) designing b) designed
22. She sat there silently, … him.
a) watching b) watched
B
1. The book (write, wrote, written, writing) by this scientist is very
interesting.
2. (Translated, translating, translate) the article he consulted the
dictionary.
3. The man (sit, sitting, sat) over there is our tutor.
4. The coat (buy, bought, buying) at the shop is really nice.
5. There are a lot of magazines (lie, lying, lay) on the table.
6. This is the house (build, built, building) 200 years ago.
7. People (lived, living, live) in Japan have some customs different from
ours.
8. The (giving, given, give) explanation was simple.
9. I’ll show you the picture (paint, painted, painting) by my friend.
10. (Waited, wait, waiting) for him I looked through the magazines.
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11. A balsa tree (find, found, finding) in South America is lighter than
any other.
12. Will you take away the (break, breaking, broke, broken) cup?
13. I stayed at home (watch, watched, watching) television.
14. Her books (write, wrote, written, writing) in the 19th century are still
popular.
15. (Preparing, prepared, prepare) a report he consulted ancient
documents.
16. People (live, living, lived) in Asia have a lot of interesting traditions.
17. The (showing, shown, show) illustration was beautiful.
18. (Waiting, wait, waited) for my friend I looked through the
newspapers.
19. An ancient document (finding, found, find) in France is more valuable
than any other.
20. The woman (lived, living, live) next door works for a television
company.
21. There are a lot of children (play, played, playing) in the park.
22. This is a wall (building, build, built) in 300 AD.
IX. Укажите номера предложений, в которых действие
совершается над подлежащим и переведите их:
1. Somebody stole my keys yesterday.
2. He is never listened to.
3. They had to take this man to the hospital.
4. How is paper made?
5. When were these houses built?
6. I think you’ll be asked at the lesson.
7. This film was much spoken about.
8. These rooms are cleaned every day.
9. If you wear this hat you’ll be laughed at.
10. Your luggage will be looked after.
11. Somebody will clean the office tomorrow.
12. The bed wasn’t slept in.
13. Somebody has to wash these clothes.
14. The house wasn’t lived in.
15. Somebody took his papers yesterday.
16. Salad is made from vegetables.
17. Who were these pictures painted by?
18. Somebody has to find these documents.
19. How is ice cream made?
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20. Somebody washes these cars every week.
21. He is never laughed at.
22. He had to invite this girl to his party.
23. Somebody will type these letters tomorrow.
24. These jeans are washed very often.
22. He is never invited to parties.
X. Выберите правильную форму глагола.
A The world’s earliest writing system (used/was used) by Sumerians
who lived in the Middle East where Iraq is today. They had a kind of
picture writing with over 1,500 signs for different objects, numbers and
other ideas. The signs (wrote/was written/were written) with a piece of
wood on clay tablets. Where did the complicated Sumerian writing
system come from? Did they invent it or was it developed from an earlier,
simpler writing system (use/using/used) by somebody else? Nobody
knows the answer to this question, but archeologists did not find an earlier
writing system, although they (excavated/were excavated) thousands of
km in the Middle East.
B 700 years ago in about 1260 the first Europeans (traveled/were
traveled) to China. They were two brothers businessmen from Venice
and Italy. When they reached China they (welcomed/were welcomed) by
the Emperor and they stayed there for some time before returning home.
Eleven years later they (made/were made) a second journey to China.
One of them took his son along, a young man called Marco Polo. Marco
(kept/was kept) a diary in which he recorded his experiences of the
journey.
The Polo family (spent/was spent) many years in China. Marco's
father and uncle became rich. Marco himself worked for the Emperor
becoming one of his advisers and traveling to various other countries in
South-East Asia on official business. Later he (made/was made)
governor of the city Yangchow and a member of his imperial council.
C In the old days people (have, had, will have) to travel several days,
weeks, and months to get to the place they needed. They either (go, were
gone, going, went) on foot, by coaches (drive, drove, is driven, driven)
by horses or on horseback or by boats and ships. Then trains, trams, cars,
buses, airplanes, underground and other means (were appeared,
appearing, appear, appeared).
26
D My friend (was entered, entering, entered) the University last year.
He (do not, didn’t, wasn’t) know much English then but he (was
worked, work, worked) hard and (is studied, study, studied) every day.
Now he (spoken, speaking, speaks) English well.
E English (be, are, is, were) the most popular language in the world. It is
the official language of the U.K., of the USA and of Australia and New
Zealand. It (use, is using, is used, were used) as one of the official
languages in Canada, the Union of South Africa, and the Irish Republic. It
also (speak, is spoken, speaking, were spoken) as a second language by
many people in India, Pakistan, and numerous countries in Africa.
F This bridge (build, built, was built, are built) in 1925. It (was
used, used, is used, will use) by hundreds of people every day.
Next year this bridge (painted, will paint, painting, will be
painted).
G People of all ages (loves, are loved, love) eating ice cream. It (were,
is, are) a wonderful dessert, especially when it (is decorated, decorates,
decorated) with tasty syrups and whipped cream. Ice cream (introduces,
was introduced, introduced) to Europe from the East. In 1670, Francisco
Procopio (opens, was opened, opened) a café in Paris, serving ices and
sherbets. The ices and sherbets (becomes, became, become) so popular
that by 1676 there (are, is, were) 250 ice makers in Paris. The main
ingredients which (use, used, are used) for ice cream are milk, cream,
sugar and eggs. These ingredients (combined, are combined, combines)
to make a mixture which (put, is put, puts) in a large container and (is
refrigerated, refrigerate, were refrigerated) for several hours. Then,
nuts or chocolate pieces (add, are added, adds) to make different
flavours. After that, the ice cream (packages, is packaged, were
packaged) individually and finally it (freeze, is frozen, froze, are
frozen).
XI. Употребите глагол в скобках в нужной форме:
A
1. ‘Hamlet’…(write) by Shakespeare in 1601.
2. At present not very much…(know) about Shakespeare’s childhood.
3. Yesterday the fire…(see) in Renton, a kilometer away.
4. Short poems… (memorize) easily.
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5. The manuscript…(find) last year.
6. We…(offer) an interesting work tomorrow.
7. People …(eat) too much sweets are usually fat.
8. (Know) a lot about her love for pets, he brought her a kitten.
9. A lot of books … (publish) in our country every year.
10. Some laws… (develop) in ancient Rome are very much similar to
modern ones.
11. Football …(play) by two teams.
12. The number of planets… (rotate) in the universe is still unknown.
13. The letter …(deliver) yesterday.
14. What do you know about nations …(exist) on the Earth?
B
1. The doctor … (send) for 5 minutes ago.
2. The house … (build) last month.
3. He read the textbook…(try) to memorize all laws and formulas.
4. Newspapers … (bring) every morning this year.
5. The translation …(do) tomorrow.
6. Moscow …(found) in 1147.
7. Comparison…(make) by her was not in John’s favour.
8. Only environmental problems …(speak about) worldwide.
9. A lot of paper …(make) from wood.
10. There were a lot of interesting things…(discover) in the 19th century.
11. Our windows…(clean) once a month.
12. The armchairs…(buy) last year.
13. Ann made a mistake…(take) her son to America.
14. Last week this movie…(show) in every cinema of London.
C
Tea 1)…(make) from the leaves of the tea plant was a new idea for
Europeans in the 3rd century AD.
First, the leaves 2) …(pick) from the plant and they 3)… (spread) onto a
cloth. They 4)…(leave) there for up to twenty hours. Next, the leaves are
rolled up until they 5)…(break) into small pieces. Finally, the leaves
6)…(dry). 7)…(pack) into containers the tea is sent to different countries.
It 8)…(sell) to customers as loose leaves, as tea bags and as instant tea.
9)…(make) tea, we 10)…(boil) water and 11) …(pour) it over the dry tea
in a teapot. This 12)…(leave) for three to five minutes. We can then add
milk, lemon or sugar. 13)…(serve) tea in the afternoons with sandwiches
and cakes was the custom in Britain. This custom 14)…(start) by the
Duchess of Bedford around 1840. 15)…(use) originally as a medicine, tea
16)….(become) an everyday drink.
Today, tea 17)…(drink) all over the world.
D
Evergreen trees, 1(know)…as symbols of eternal life even by ancient
Egyptians, Chinese, and Hebrews, became an inseparable part of
Christmas celebrations. Tree decoration 2 (be)……an ancient custom
among early Europeans, survived after conversion of Europeans to
Christianity.
The modern Christmas tree, 3 (originate)……in Western Germany,
became a tradition among all Christian people.
4 (introduce)…into England in the early 19th century, the Christmas tree 5
(popularize)…… by Prince Albert, husband of Queen Victoria. The
Victorian tree 6 (decorate)…with candles, candies, ribbons, and fancy
cakes 7 (put)…on the branches.
8 (bring)…to North America by the German settlers in the 17th century,
Christmas trees were the height of fashion by the 19th century.
9 (introduce)…into Russia by Peter the Great, Christmas tree is a very
significant part of Christmas and New Year celebrations in our country.
XII. Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на
причастия и пассивный залог.
A
In England the pub was originally a stopping place for tired travelers
giving food, warmth, bed, and drink. The pub called ‘tavern’ at that time
played an important part in social live. One could see a lot of people there
exchanging news and discussing political problems. Pictures illustrating
their names were sometimes painted by famous artists in English pubs.
Most pubs divided into two sections sold beer and other kinds of alcohol.
B
It is easy to find your way about in New York, it is built so regularly. The
streets are well-planned. The streets running north and south are called
“Avenues” and are numbered, for example, 1
st
Avenue, 2nd Avenue, etc.,
the streets going east and west are called “Streets” and are also numbered.
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ЧАСТЬ II
СЛОВА
I. Укажите номер русского эквивалента, соответствующего
данному английскому слову:
A
1. carry out 1. военный
2. actually 2. низкий
3. degree 3. предвидеть, предвосхищать
4. low 4. исследовать
5. military 5. на самом деле, фактически
6. anticipate 6. проводить, осуществлять
7. generation 7. антивоенный
8. research 8. завершенный, полный
9. battle 9. игла
10. complete 10. отчет, доклад
11. unusual 11. битва, сражение
12. antiwar 12. неправильный
13. irregular 13. на самом деле
14. in fact 14. градус
15. необычный
16. поколение
B
1. отмечать, замечать 1. enter
2. эскиз, набросок 2. soft
3. поступать в 3. artificial
4. предвидеть, предвосхищать 4. notion
5. революционный 5. wonder
6. размышлять 6. neither…nor
7. ядерный 7. speculate
8. сквозь, через 8. nuclear
9. ни….ни 9. sketch
10. вверху, выше 10. through
11. удивление, чудо 11. oxygen
12. мягкий 12. anticipate
13. лекарство 13. above
14. искусственный 14. medicine
15. military
16. break-through
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C
1. I say 1. приезжать, прибывать
2. either …or 2. смелый
3. battle 3. завершенный, полный
4. arrive (at, in) 4. предполагать
5. complete 5. битва, сражение
6. suppose 6. Библия
7. link 7. связывать
8. brave 8. послушайте
9. require 9. безопасный
10. safe 10. требовать
11. либо…либо
D
1. послушайте 1. by all means
2. не соглашаться 2. mean
3. во что бы то ни стало 3. external
4. незаконный 4. excuse me
5. прошу прощения 5. though
6. решение 6. solution
7. предполагать 7. suppose
8. предпочитать 8. look
9. шкала 9. above
10. вверху, выше 10. graduate (from)
11. хотя 11. prefer
12. заканчивать вуз 12. to construct
13. строить 13. disagree
14. достижение 14. illegal
15. achievement
E
1. sure 1. сообщать
2. break-through 2. связь
3. contemporary 3. луч, проблеск
4. improve 4. предполагать
5. report 5. наизусть
6. internal 6. прорыв
7. find out 7. вместо, взамен
8. ray 8. узнавать, выяснять
9. link 9. видимый, ощутимый
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