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SOME, ANY, NO и их производные
В утвердительном
предложении
В вопросительном
предложении
В отрицательном
предложении
some
какой-то
какой-нибудь
несколько
any*
какой-нибудь
сколько-нибудь
no**
никакой
нисколько
something
что-то, что-нибудь
аnything
что-либо, ч.-нибудь
nothing
ничего
somebody
someone
кто-то, кто-нибудь
аnybody
кто-либо
аnyone
кто-нибудь
nobody ни один
no one , none
никто
somewhere
где-нибудь, куда-нибудь
аnywhere
где-либо, куда-либо
nowhere
нигде, никуда
somehow
как-нибудь
каким-нибудь образом
аnyhow
как-нибудь
** если в
предложении есть
другое отрицание,
употребляется
any и его
производные:
somewhat
немного, в какой-то
степени
There aren’t any
chairs in the
room.
*any любой
аnything что-угодно
аnybody любой, кто
угодно
аnywhere
где-угодно
куда-угодно
аnyhow
во всяком случае
anyway
в любом случае
все равно
I could not find
him
anywhere.
Т а б л и ц а 12
Every (каждый) и его производные everything (всё), everybody (все),
everywhere (везде) имеют те же формы в вопросительном и отрицательном
предложении.
Examples:
91
I want to ask you some questions. Have you got any relatives? There is no place
Функция в
предложении
Перевод
Примеры
подлежащее,
дополнение
оно (она, он)
его (ее)
The boy took a book and put it into
the bag. It was very old.
Мальчик взял книгу и положил ее в
сумку. Она была очень старая.
формальное
подлежащее
не переводится
It is winter. It is cold in winter.
Зима. Зимой холодно.
формальное
дополнение
не переводится
The invention makes it possible to get
better results.
Изобретение дает возможность
получить лучшие результаты.
вводное слово
в составе
усилительной
конструкции
именно, как раз
(it is … that
(who)) – it не
переводится
It was he who helped me in this
difficult situation.
Именно он помог мне в этой
трудной ситуации.
подлежащее
(указательное
местоимение)
это
What is it? – It is a car.
Что это? – Это автомобиль.
like home. She told us something interesting. Did he tell you anything? Nothing
will change the situation. We can’t do anything. Ask somebody to help you. Is
anybody at home? Nobody answers the telephone. Her relatives are somewhere
in the USA. I couldn’t find the book anywhere. We shall try and do it somehow.
What time shall we meet? – Any time will do. Everybody is here, we may begin.
Т а б л и ц а 13
Функции и перевод местоимения IT
КЛЮЧИ К УПРАЖНЕНИЯМ
ЧАСТЬ I
III.
A. go, stay, go, stays, go, is, flew, saw, ate, sat, swam, made, wrote, took, got, fell,
broke, brought.
B. believed, was/is, wanted, asked, refused, went, gave, sailed, knew, was, were,
became, wanted, said, took, saw, proved, were, carried, named.
C. watched, was, went, read, could, fell, woke, heard, walked, opened, saw,
shouted, ran.
D. tried, could not, got, went, watched, fell, woke up, heard, shouted, opened, saw,
said.
E. got, was not, spent, read, had, went, saw, had, walked, enjoyed.
F. went, stayed, was, arrived, was, got up, had, walked, looked, visited, enjoyed,
did not go, stayed, talked.
VIII.
A. 1-b, 2-b, 3-b, 4-b, 5-a, 6-a, 7-b, 8-a, 9-b, 10-b, 11-a, 12-a, 13-b, 14-a, 15-b, 16-b,
17-b, 18-a, 19-a, 20-b, 21-b, 22-a.
B. 1-written, 2-translating, 3-sitting, 4-bought, 5-lying, 6-built, 7-living, 8-given, 9painted, 10-waiting, 11-found, 12-broken, 13-watching, 14-written, 15-preparing, 16living, 17-shown, 18-waiting, 19-found, 20-living, 21-playing, 22-built.
X.
A. was used, were written, used, excavated.
B. traveled, were welcomed, made, kept, spent, was made.
C. had, went, driven, appeared.
D. entered, didn’t, worked, studied, speaks.
E. is, is used, is spoken.
F. was built, is used, will be painted.
G. love, is, is decorated, was introduced, opened, became, were, are used, are
combined, is put, is refrigerated, are added, is packaged, is frozen.
XI.
A. 1-was written, 2-is known, 3-was seen, 4-are memorized, 5-was found, 6-will be
offered, 7-eating, 8-knowing, 9-are published, 10-developed, 11-is played, 12rotating, 13-was delivered, 14-existing.
B. 1-was sent, 2-was built, 3-trying, 4-are brought, 5-will be done, 6-was founded,
7-made, 8-are spoken about, 9-is made, 10-discovered, 11-are cleaned, 12-were
bought, 13-taking, 14-was shown.
C. 1-made, 2-are picked, 3-are spread, 4-are left, 5-break, 6-are dried, 7-packed, 8-is
sold, 9-to make/making, 10-boil, 11-pore, 12-is left, 13-to serve/serving, 14-was
started, 15-used, 16-became, 17-is drunk.
D. 1-known, 2-being, 3-originating, 4-introduced, 5-was popularized, 6-was
decorated, 7-put, 8-brought, 9-introduced.
93
ЧАСТЬ II
III. 1-a, 2-d, 3-c, 4-a/b, 5-b, 6-a/b/c.
IV. 1- so, 2-such, 3-such, 4-such, 5-so, 6-such, 7-so, 8-so, 9-so.
VI. 1-discovering, 2-describing, 3-was opening, 4-giving, 5-is meeting, 6-operating,
7-is increasing, 8-improving, 9-causing, 10- is growing.
VII.
A. 1-c, 2-a, 3-j, 4-g, 5-m, 6-d, 7-l, 8-h, 9-e, 10-i, 11-k, 12-f, 13-b.
B. 1-d,f,h, 2-a,d,h, 3-a,e, 4-g, 5-a,d,f,h, 6-b,i, 7-c, 8-a,d,f, 9-j, 10-b,i.
IX.
A. 1-c, 2-c, 3-a, 4-b, 5-b, 6-a, 7-c, 8-b, 9-c, 10-b, 11-b, 12-c, 13-c, 14-c, 15-b, 16-c,
17-b, 18-c, 19-b, 20-a, 21-c.
B. 1-c, 2-b, 3-c, 4-c, 5-d, 6-b, 7-a, 8-d, 9-a, 10-b, 11-c.
C. 1-are writing, 2-is having, 3-will talk, 4-are listening, 5-were having, 6-was doing,
7-is leaning, 8-were you doing/will you be doing, 9-is raining, 10-was raining, 11will be working, 12-will you come, 13-is being constructed.
D. 1-were being discussed, 2-was caused, 3-will be, 4-was being considered, 5-will
be devoted, 6-is being solved, 7-was being given, 8-was being constructed, 9-were
being carried out, 10-will be required, 11-were lost, 12-is being translated, 13-will
be producing, 14-will be discussing.
E. 1-are considering, 2-will be recording, 3-is being devoted, 4-was becoming, 5-is
growing, 6-were studying, 7-study, 8-were carrying out, 9-won, 10-are you
discussing, 11-did, 12-am listening, 13-will be giving.
F. contains, was started, was opened, are based, is, is built, are, are being completed.
X.
A. 1-was being carried out, 2-is increasing, 3-will be improved, 4-is decreasing, 5-are
being carried out, 6-will be explaining, 7-will attract, 8-was completed, 9-am
reading, 10-was observing, were being mixed, 11-were lost, 12-were being carried
out, 13-is being considered, 14-is being devoted.
B. 1-am waiting, 2-am waiting, 3-will be put forward, 4-will see/will be seeing, 5-is
writing, 6-is being spent, 7-were discussing, 8-will be having, 9-was being
explained, 10-is being made, 11-is being observed, 12-discovered, 13-will be
required, 14- was being given.
C. 1-happened, 2-finished, 3-came, 4-was descending, 5-stopped, 6-went out, 7-was
trying, 8-rang, 9-asked, 10-am standing, 11-is coming, 12-happened, 13-were going,
14-were using, 15-discovered, 16-are fighting, 17-are breaking, 18-are taking, 19aren’t working, 20-is making, 21-is laughing, 22-was crying, 23-doesn’t know, 24shall we stay, 25-don’t know, 26-are working, 27-won’t be delayed, 28-came, 29had.
ЧАСТЬ III
II. 1-c, 2-c, 3-b, 4-a, 5-b, 6-b, 7-c, 8-c, 9-b, 10-c, 11-b, 12-a, 13-a, 14-b.
94
III.
A. has just received, is, has been, is, is working/works, has already visited, has
bought, is going, is flying, has never been.
B. have lost, have been looking, has looked, Have you taken, were wearing, came,
am not wearing, Have you looked, will go, have been lying, have just remembered,
phoned, Has she left, will phone.
C. Have you visited, have been, has invited, have never been, were, went, have
always wanted, haven’t had, went, haven’t been.
D. was late, came, had begun, entered, found, was playing, had listened, asked,
answered, have missed, exclaimed.
E. have just received, is, has already been, has already visited, has flown, has never
been, has painted.
F. has just come, have been, thought, have just changed, have you already seen,
have ever seen.
G. visited, stayed, had been staying, received, was sitting, had been talking, knocked,
brought, had hardly finished, rang, answered, read, began, had planned, will have
received.
H. came, tied, came out, saw, had taken, had left, went, looked, could, had taken,
advised, went off, stopped, saw, had been looking for.
VI.
When Alan was ten, he seemed to be very interested in computers. His mother knew
that he would love to have one, but she couldn’t afford to buy him one. He learned
how to use a friend’s computer, but he couldn’t wait to get one of his own.
His mother decided to give him a computer for his twelfth birthday. At first she only
let him use it for an hour a day. She didn’t want it to damage his eyes.
By the time Alan was fifteen he had become very good at using his computer, but it
was his only hobby. His mother wanted him to go out and do things, but he had very
few friends. Nobody could persuade him to do anything and nothing could make him
turn his computer off.
In the end, his mother threatened to turn off the electricity. Alan went to bed and
pretended to be asleep, but at midnight he got up to work at the computer again. He
didn’t want to sleep or to eat. He just couldn’t bear to be away from his computer.
Alan’s mother didn’t know what to do. Her son had become a computer addict. Not
even the family doctor knew how to help. One morning Alan’s mother found him
lying on the bedroom floor. He had collapsed with exhaustion. Two weeks in
hospital finally made Alan realize that his computer had become a dangerous
obsession.
Now Alan is eighteen. He has lots of friends and hobbies. He hopes to study
computer science at university and would like to find a job in computer research.
ОГЛАВЛЕНИЕ
Предисловие…………………………………………….
3
Часть I…………………………………………………..
4
Слова ………………………………………………..
4
Грамматика………………………………………….
16
Часть II…………………………………………………..
29
Слова ………………………………………..............
29
Грамматика………………………………………….
36
Часть III………………………………………………….
48
Слова………………………………………………...
48
Грамматика…………………………………………
62
Список слов……………………………………………..
71
Грамматические таблицы…………………...................
77
Ключи к упражнениям…………………………………
93
Учебное издание
Егорова Наталия Борисовна,
Просяновская Оксана Александровна
IMPROVE YOUR VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR:
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FOR CLASSWORK AND SELF-STUDY
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Компьютерная верстка Н.А. Котовой
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Отпечатано в типографии МГСУ.
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