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Файл:Functional English for university students (for economists and managers). Учебное пособие
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3 the tertiary sector;
4 the selected product group;
5 to belong to;
6 to make products;
7 to supply services;
8 vehicle manufacturing;
9 engineering;
10 food processing;
11 beverages;
12 insurance;
13 retailing;
14 catering;
15 aerospace;
16 mining;
17 extraction of raw materials from the earth;
18 developing countries;
19 workforce;
20 productive sector;
21 manual work;
22 the task of feeding the population;
23 the fully developed countries;
24 labour resources;
25 contracting sector;
26 growing sector;
27 agriculture;
28 manufacturing industry;
29 finished products;
30 to provide a service;
31 to distribute goods;
32 final consumers;
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33 leisure;
34 health care;
35 the occupational structure;
36 divisions of economic activity;
37 chemicals.
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4 Unit 4 Different kinds of companies
4.1 Read and translate the text
There may be occasions when you have to talk about the company (US
English: corporation) you work for. This may be when you’re actually showing
someone around the place of work or premises. Or you may need to explain to
someone how your company or your department is organized, who is responsible for
different aspects of the business and how the company is run.
Companies and corporations
Companies are a very important part of a country’s economy. Businesses
produce goods and services, and they come in every shape and size. Although the
vast majority of the world’s companies are small, in many countries the economy is
dominated by large firms. Large businesses differ from small ones in a wide variety
of ways. In many countries there are nationalized companies belonging to the state, as
well as private companies. A private company might be a small firm with just one
owner or a very large firm with thousands of shareholders "owning" the firm.
In very large firms the shareholders have very little to do with the day-to-day
running of the firm. This is left to the management. Large companies may be
organized into several large departments, sometimes even divisions. The
organizational structure of some companies is very hierarchical with a board of
directors at the top and the various departmental heads reporting to them. Often the
only time shareholders can influence the board is at the yearly shareholders' meeting.
Some firms may only produce one good or service. Others may produce many
different products in fact they may seem to be like a collection of "businesses" inside
one company. As a company gets bigger it may expand geographically. Many large
firms are multinationals with manufacturing plants and trading locations in several
different countries spread around the world.
Offices
The physical surroundings of most modern places of work, especially offices,
are becoming more and more similar. Although there are some differences from
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country to country, one office looks much like another. Office furniture and
equipment tends to be similar-desks, chairs, lamps, filing cabinets, computers,
phones, photocopiers, etc.
The "atmosphere" of the workplace can influence the effectiveness of a
company’s employees. Modern offices are more spacious and better lit, heated,
ventilated and air-conditioned than in the past. But of course, this is a feature that
varies from firm to firm and may be dependent on the size of the company and its
corporate "philosophy". In some companies, the employees work in large open-plan
offices without walls between the departments. In other, the staff works more
privately in individual offices.
Work relations with other people at the place of work include relationships
with fellow employees, workers or colleagues. A great part of work or job
satisfaction-some people say the major portion-comes from "getting on" with others
at work. Work relations will also include those between management and employees.
These relations are not always straightforward, particularly as the management’s
assessment of how you’re performing can be crucial to your future career.
4.2 Answer the questions
1 When do you speak about the company you work for?
2 What is a private company?
3 What companies do we call multinationals?
4 How can the atmosphere of the workplace influence the effectiveness of
company’s employees?
5 Where from does the greatest part of work satisfaction come from?
4.3 Translate, write transcription of these words and learn them by heart
1 to show around the premises;
2 occasions;
3 to explain to someone;
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4 to produce goods and services;
5 to run the company;
6 to be responsible for something;
7 to come in every shape and size;
8 the vast majority of the world’s companies;
9 nationalized companies;
10 to belong to the state;
11 a private company;
12 owner;
13 shareholder;
14 the day-to-day running of the firm;
15 to be organized into several departments;
16 the organizational structure is hierarchical;
17 to report to somebody;
18 to influence;
19 to expand geographically;
20 multinational companies;
21 manufacturing plants;
22 trading locations;
23 office furniture and equipment;
24 to become similar;
25 the atmosphere of the workplace;
26 the effectiveness of company’s employees;
27 feature;
28 corporate philosophy;
29 work satisfaction;
30 to get on with people;
31 work relations.
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4.4 Read the text Companies
Forever Young Ltd. is an Irish company. They manufacture and distribute
beauty products. The company specializes in high-quality creams and lotions. They
also produce perfumes. Forever Young Ltd. is one of the market leaders in Ireland.
The Head Office of the company is in Dublin and they have 20 branches in Europe.
Next year Forever Young Ltd. are going to open their first subsidiary in the United
States.
4.5 The questions below were asked during the interview of John
O’Connor, the Managing Director of Forever Young Ltd. Answer these
questions
1 Is your company Irish or American?
2 What do you produce?
3 Where is your Head Office?
4 What does your company specialize in?
5 Do you distribute your products?
6 Forever Young Ltd. is one of the market leaders in Ireland, isn’t it?
7 How many branches have you got in Europe?
8 What are your plans for the future?
4.6 You work for Forever Young Ltd. Speak about your company
4.7 Read the advertisement
ARE YOU AFRAID of INDUSTRIAL ESPIONAGE?
Call ANTISPY Products Ltd.!
We produce bug detectors, telephone scramblers
and alarm system.
SAFE BUSINESS with ANTISPY PRODUCTS Ltd.!
P.S. At the moment we are launching
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a brand-new pocket lie-detector.
We’ll put it on the market very soon.
Don’t miss it!
4.8 Say if these sentences are true or false. Correct the false sentences
1 Antispy Products Ltd. distributes beauty products.
2 The company specializes in bug detectors, scramblers and alarm system.
3 The company’s brand-new product is a pocket bug detector.
4 The company is going to put its brand-new product on the market soon.
4.9 Cheek your memory. Fill in the gaps with the right words
1 Forever Young Ltd. manufactures and ______________ beauty products.
2 Antispy Products Ltd. produces ______________ detectors, telephone
______________ and ______________ system.
3 Forever Young Ltd. specializes in ______________ creams and lotions.
4 At the moment, Antispy Products are launching a brand-new pocket
______________. They will put it on the ______________ very soon.
5 Forever Young Ltd. is one of the markets ______________ in
______________.
6 Forever Young Ltd. has 20 ______________ in Europe. The company is
going to open its first ______________ in the United States.
4.10 Give the English for
производить _____________________________________________
распространять __________________________________________
специализироваться ________________________________
высококачественный ________________________________________
лидер рынка ___________________________________
главная контора _______________________________________
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дочерняя компания ________________________________
филиал ________________________
запустить в производство _________________________________
пустить в продажу __________________________________
новый продукт _________________________________
промышленный шпионаж _________________________________
4.11 Guessing game. Work in pairs. Think of some world-famous
company. In 5 or 7 sentences inform your partner about this company, but do
not give its name. Let your partner guess the name of the company
4.12 What can you say about these companies
IBM, SONY, TOYOTA, ERICSSON.
4.13 The job identifies the person. Can you present yourself in terms of
your job? These phrases will help you
Where do you work? I work for Orange Computers (they are my employers).
What company are you with? I work at Orange Computers (the place).
I am / work with Orange Computers (a sense of collaboration).
What do you do for a living? I’m in computers (general type of work).
What do you do? I coordinate new projects. I launch the new products. I’m in
charge of sales / marketing / production.
4.14 Translate into English
1 Главная контора этой фирмы находится в Лондоне.
_____________________________________________________________
2 У нас 10 филиалов в Европе и 2 дочерние компании в США.
________________________________________________________
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3 Компания специализируется на косметике и парфюмерии высокого
качества. ________________________________________
4 Мы собираемся запустить в производство новый лосьон.
_____________________________________________________________
5 Эта фирма занимает лидирующее положение на российском рынке.
_________________________________________
6 Скоро мы пустим в продажу новые духи.
_________________________________________________________
7 Компания занимается производством и распространением охранных
систем. _________________________________________
8 Чем Вы занимаетесь? / Чем Вы зарабатываете на жизнь? ___________
9 Кто отвечает за выпуск новой продукции? _______________________
10 В какой фирме Вы работаете? __________________________________
11 Вице-президент координирует работу дочерних компаний. _________
12 Когда эта фирма пустит в продажу новую модель? ________________
13 Вы боитесь промышленного шпионажа? _________________________
14 Что производит Ваша фирма? ___________________________
15 На чем специализируется эта компания? ________________________
4.15 Complete these sentences with the best form of the verbs in brackets:
Present Simple or Present Continuous
1 We________________ computer parts. We are a very successful company.
We _______________to more than 25 countries. (manufacture / export)
2 We always______________ on time, and we______________ with this
special delivery as fast as we can. (deliver / deal)
3 This time, we____________ an agent based in Shanghai, but we normally
our Glasgow agent. (use / use)
4 Jeff is from Sales, but this week he______________ in Customer Service.
Today, he ............... with complaints. (work / deal)
5 This summer, we______________ 20 extra staff because it’s so busy.
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Normally, we ............... 75 people altogether. (employ / employ)
6 Our company______________about five new products every year. At the
moment, we _______________a new range of soft drinks. (develop / plan)
4.16 Match questions 1-7 with answers (a) (g)
1 How often do you play sport?
2 Do you usually get up before 7a.m.?
3 How often do you phone your mother?
4 Do you eat a lot of meat?
5 How many texts do you send in a week?
6 Do you ever go camping?
7 How often do you read a newspaper?
a Yes, my children wake me up at 5.30a.m.
b I don’t know. Maybe twenty.
c Very rarely, I watch the news on television.
d I play football once in a while.
e No, hardly ever. I prefer fish.
f Once a week. We always speak on Sundays.
g Yes, occasionally. But it usually rains.
4.17 Match the words (1-8) with their definitions (a-h)
1 company
2 employee
3 branch
4 office
5 customer
6 staff
7 subsidiary
8 responsibility
a a job you need to do
b a person who buys products
c everyone who works in the company
d a worker
e a business organization
f a part of a large company
g a half-owned company by another company
h a kind of workplace
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