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Файл:English for communication. Учебное пособие
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21
1. sick
hunter
2.
get
a head
line
3.
have
a pay
income
4.
5.
work
work at
income
a managing
flexi
time
job pay
6.
work as
an assembly
director
7.
pay
a nine-to-five
rise
regular
tax
3
do
d)
a living
4
go on
e)
experience
5.
take
f)
a profit
6.
make
g)
leave
7.
earn
h)
manual work
3. Match the words in the three columns to get the collocations. Answer
questions (1-7) using these phrases.
1. What happens when someone works very hard and has good results?
2. Who is the most important person in a company?
3. How do people work in most factories?
4. What does everyone have to pay to the government each year?
5. What payment do employees get when they are ill and stay at home?
6. What working hours do managers in large companies do?
7. When you're looking for a job who can you ask for professional help?
4. Explain the difference between the words and phrases in (1-6).
1. be fired - be dismissed - be made redundant - to retire - to get the sack
2. temporary job - permanent job - part-time job - full-time job
3. pension - salary - wage/wages - income - profit
4. skilled worker - unskilled worker
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5. employee - employer
6. boss – manager – chef - chief
5. What should be taken into account in choosing a job. Order the words
below 1-11 (1 = most, 11 = the least important). Compare and discuss them with
your partner.
• salary
• being useful to society _______
• gaining experience and developing one's skills _______
• travel opportunities _______
• meeting new people _______
• long holidays _______
• flexible working hours _______
• a good atmosphere at work _______
• prospects of quick promotion _______
• friendly boss and colleagues _______
• job security _______
6. Choose one of the topics. Speak and discuss.
1. What are trade unions? Are they essential in the world of work? Justify
your opinion.
2. Why do so many people in the modern world become workaholics? Could
this be called a disease?
3. Retirement should be made compulsory for everyone at the age of 60.
4. Having a happy family and personal life is more important than a
successful career.
5. How important are good education and qualifications in finding a job? Is
there a relationship between the education/qualifications you have and the money
you earn?
23
6. Should teenagers work e.g. take up part-time or holiday jobs, in order to
earn some money of their own? At what age should people start earning money?
7. What, in your opinion, motivates people most to go to work: boredom, the
need to make a living or the need for respect and social recognition? Can you think
of other reasons?
24
5. PERSONAL AND PUBLIC LIFE
Read and translate the text. What is more important: public or personal
life?
As you know, the life of any person, regardless of gender or social status, is
divided into two parts: the visible to others - the public, and accessible only to the
person. Public life goes in front of everyone. We go to work, socialize with friends
and colleagues, make purchases, etc. Public life has a chance to self-actualization.
Here we can gain recognition of our abilities and talents. For example, to get a
promotion or a political career. Many possibilities and paths. Personal life is another
matter.
It belongs only to the person, and he alone must decide where and how to let
go of others. Our feelings, emotions, thoughts, have the right to be protected from
unwanted intrusion. Usually, the private (internal) life of another human being, even
the most intimate, not very interesting for other people. If it is, of course, not a star
in show business. In conversation people often translate theme to their problems.
Perhaps you yourself can recall such a situation: you want to tell a friend about their
problems, but after a few minutes, she tells you of how her mother told her off, etc.
This is because every man considers himself the most important person in the
world. He may not even realize, but his inner world revolves around him. It is
difficult to equate himself and another person, that is, recognize that their thoughts
and feelings are not as important as mine.
That is why we are often disappointed in a loved one, do not meet our
expectations. We can not let this man think and feel differently, not as we do, and
see the world differently. A person needs to realize both sides of his life, public and
private. To be recognized by other people, achievements in public life, happiness
and love, an understanding partner and friend are the best options of personal life.
25
Ask each other the questions and answer them
infancy childhood adolescence youth adulthood middle age old
1. Do you know your mother's maiden name?
2. Are you an only child or do you have siblings? Are you happy about it?
3. Do you have a steady boyfriend/girlfriend? How long have you been going
out with each other?
4. What character in a famous tale had a horrible step mother? In what way
was she horrible?
5. Are single parents most often mothers or fathers? Why?
1. Match the words and phrases below with the appropriate life period.
Switch on
Some of them may be used more than once. Which of the periods seems more
interesting to you? Why?
be a bride/a bridegroom divorce
have grandchildren propose to somebody
adopt a child be a teenager
fall in love go out with/date someone
be a widow/a widower be single
have a wedding get pregnant
bring up children retire
be buried (funeral) go on a honeymoon
be a baby be a parent
have a career get engaged
wear nappies be grown-up/an adult
go to kindergarten go to summer camps
26
2. Which of the activities below do you do regularly? What about other
washing clothes doing the washing-up cleaning ironing cooking walking a dog
feeding a pet disposing of litter doing the shopping hoovering paying the bills
watering plants mending clothes
roommate lover friend colleague workmate acquaintance partner classmate
relative relation school friend neighbour housemate girlfriend
gardening collecting stamps/coins playing a musical instrument bird-watching
cooking photography DIY rock climbing fishing hiking painting - shopping
sewing hunting surfing the Internet
members of your family? Do you agree with it?
3. Answer the questions (1-6) using the words in the box.
1. Which words refer to people who work together?
2. Which words refer to people who like each other?
3. Which words refer to people who live together?
4. Which words refer to people who know each other only a little?
5. Which word refers to people who go to the same class?
6. Which words refer to people in the same family?
4. Match different kinds of hobbies in the box with the criteria below.
Indoor – outdoor
boring – interesting
common – unusual
for young people – for middle-aged people – for people of all ages
expensive – affordable
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5. Which kinds of hobbies are more popular in England and which in
Russia?
6. Which holidays are more important for you and your family? Give
reasons.
Christmas Easter
Spring and Labour Day (1 May)
Day of Russia (12 June)
Victory Day (9 May)
New Year's Day (1 January)
Women's Day (8 March)
National Unity Day (4 November)
Motherland Defenders' Day (23 February)
7. Answer the questions about holidays and your families?
1. Which of the holidays have a religious background?
2. Choose three holidays and describe how they are celebrated.
3. Which of the holidays are related to the history of Russia? What events do
they commemorate?
4. Which of the holidays are fun? Explain how you celebrate them.
5. Is a good relationship between grandparents and grandchildren easier to
achieve than a good relationship between parents and children?
6. Does your family spend their free time together? What do you do?
7. What are the most common causes of conflict in families?
8. Choose one of the topics. Speak and discuss.
1. Research shows that married people are healthier and live longer. Why do
you think this is the case?
2. The generation gap is inevitable - parents and children will always argue
about their lifestyles and values.
28
3. A large family with a lot of children is happier and healthier than a family
with an only child. Do you agree?
4. Manifestations of affection (kissing, embracing, hugging) in public places
is embarrassing and should be banned.
5. Old people are the biggest treasure of each community. How do you
understand this?
6. A hobby can make you a bore or a very interesting person.
29
6. FOOD
Read the text and translate. What kind of food do you prefer?
Food is any substance consumed to provide nutritional support for the body.
It is usually of plant or animal origin, and contains essential nutrients, such as
carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, or minerals. The substance is ingested by an
organism and assimilated by the organism's cells in an effort to produce energy,
maintain life, or stimulate growth.
Historically, people secured food through two methods: hunting and
gathering, and agriculture. Today, most of the food energy consumed by the world
population is supplied by the food industry.
Food safety and food security are monitored by agencies like the International
Association for Food Protection, World Resources Institute, World Food
Programme, Food and Agriculture Organization, and International Food
Information Council. They address issues such as sustainability, biological
diversity, climate change, nutritional economics, population growth, water supply,
and access to food.
The right to food is a human right derived from the International Covenant on
Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR), recognizing the "right to an
adequate standard of living, including adequate food", as well as the "fundamental
right to be free from hunger".
All food has its origin in plants. Some food is obtained directly from plants;
but even animals that are used as food sources are raised by feeding them food
derived from plants. Cereal grain is a staple food that provides more food energy
worldwide than any other type of crop. Maize, wheat, and rice - in all of their
varieties - account for 87% of all grain production worldwide. Most of the grain that
is produced worldwide is fed to livestock.
Other foods not from animal or plant sources include various edible fungi,
especially mushrooms. Fungi and ambient bacteria are used in the preparation of
30
fermented and pickled foods like leavened bread, alcoholic drinks, cheese, pickles
salt fizzy drinks olive oil still mineral water sparkling mineral water cheese
pasta margarine avocado garlic eggs mushrooms butter onion coffee sugar
fruit juice white bread beer ice-cream chocolate meat spinach fish red
wine sausage potatoes banana
and yogurt. Another example is blue-green algae such as Spirulina. Inorganic
substances such as baking soda and cream of tartar are also used to chemically alter
an ingredient.
Switch on
What time do you eat the main meals of the day?
Do you eat regularly?
What do you most often eat for breakfast, lunch and dinner?
Are you aware of what food is healthy and what is not?
Do you eat a lot of sweets or fast food and drink a lot of fizzy drinks?
1. Which of the products in the box do you like and do not like? Why?
Which of them are harmful and which are useful? Give reasons.
2. Here is a list of dishes which are cooked from the same products. Which
of the dishes is:
the tastiest
the most useful
the most popular in Russia?
Give reasons
and eggs
eggs: scrambled eggs, soft-boiled eggs, an omelette, egg mayonnaise, bacon
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