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Файл:English for communication. Учебное пособие
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11
2. HOME
Read and translate the text. What is your idea of home?
I personally think that home is a small world where one lives according to
his/her own rules. It's a place where you feel comfort, warmth and reliability. And I
believe that it's not the size of the place where you live that matters, but the way you
feel about it. And if your house is not just a building for you but a place that you can
call home, it means that you want to stay there as long as possible and it's a place
where you always want to return to.
The importance of home is depicted in languages of all the nations: we say
"East or West, home is best ", the English say "My home is my castle." Home is a
place that awakens the most pleasant feelings and high emotions in soul of every
person. Always after a hard day I return home and think "At last I came home". For
me there is no place like home.
I'm sure that home of a person is as much a reflection of his personality, as
the clothes he wears, the food he eats, the books he reads and the friends he spends
his time with. Homes reflect the way of life and habits of their owners.
I adore my home; I like to be there, because it's always filled with happiness
and joy. Even after the first few minutes in our flat you can understand all
hospitality and friendliness of this place and the family which lives there. Our flat is
very warm and cosy, so it makes any person feel at home. It's the place where I
wake up every morning to the refreshing smell of coffee from the kitchen and where
every day of my life starts, that's why it is so important for me. My home, my sweet
home... Sometimes after a long journey I return home with such pleasure and
happiness, that I feel myself like a baby that returns to its mother. I love every
corner and every thing in my flat. "My home is my fortress", it is my territory, my
place where I feel good and comfortable. And nobody can disturb me here.
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1. Which of the following words and expressions refer to living in town and
church supermarket petrol station pub castle museum
cinema library department store hotel post office restaurant
cottage block of flats detached house terraced house
palace country mansion caravan houseboat
which to living in the country? Which of them describe the place where you live?
Which of them bring up pleasant or unpleasant associations?
suburbs rush hour
forests car parks
housing estates wildlife
blocks of flats fields
open space shopping centres
crops footpaths
traffic jams fumes
2. Read the list of places located in town and answer the questions.
1. What do people use these places for?
2. Which of them do you visit most often? What do you do there?
3. Which three of them do you consider the most important? Why?
3. Which of the houses in the box would you like to live in? Why? You may
use the following words and phrases:
comfortable
expensive
easy to look after
quiet
uncomfortable
cheap
difficult to look after
noisy
13
4. Complete the table using the nouns of furniture and household goods in
cooker bookshelf sofa desk chest of drawers washing machine kettle
socket washbasin wardrobe alarm clock towel freezer coffee table oven
printer sink mirror pillow cushion carpet mug frying pan hi-fi curtains
dustbin computer
kitchen
living
room
bathroom
bedroom
study
the box. Which of the rooms in the table is more important for you? Why?
5. Which of the following are advantages or disadvantages when buying or
renting a flat? Why?
• central heating
• balcony
• windows overlooking a busy street
• garden
• poor condition
• lift
• garage
• nice neighbourhood
6. Work in pairs. One of you wants to buy or rent a flat. Have a talk. The
words below may help you: shared kitchen, bathroom , access to the kitchen,
parking space, private bathroom, toilet, cooking facilities, fitted kitchen, attic,
basement, furnished/ unfurnished, pay in advance, quiet area/neighbourhood, living
room overlooks a park, leave a deposit
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7. What do you use the following appliances for? Answer questions (1-3).
answer phone food processor microwave oven hoover/vacuum cleaner fridge
CD player cordless telephone washing machine iron dishwasher video recorder
(VCR) hair dryer
1. Which of them do you have? How often do you use them? What for?
2. Which of them do you find absolutely necessary and which could you do
without?
3. How did people manage when these things did not exist?
8. Match verbs (1-6) with nouns (a-j) to make the collocations. Make up
your own sentences with these collocations.
1. make a) the rent g) a shower
2. do b) a room h) breakfast
3. take c) a flat i) gardening
4. rent d) the housework j) a cup of tea
5. share e) the washing-up
6. pay f) the bed
9. Choose one of the topics. Speak and discuss.
1. 'My home is my castle.' Explain the proverb and discuss it.
2. Household duties (doing the washing-up, cleaning, hoovering etc) are
relaxing and give us pleasure and satisfaction. Do you agree?
3. 'Show me your home and I'll tell you who you are.' Explain the saying.
4. Neighbours are often as important in our life as family. Do you agree?
5. 'Good fences make good neighbours.' Do you agree?
15
3. EDUCATION
Read and translate the text. What is education for you?
Education is a broad term that can have many meanings, but it is generally
defined as the process of learning and acquiring information. Formal learning in a
school or university is one of the most common types, though self-teaching and so-
called “life experiences” can also qualify. Communities around the world place a
high value on educating people of all ages, whether formally or informally. It is
widely believed that constant exposure to new ideas and skills makes people better
workers, thinkers, and societal contributors.
Education is an important factor in a person’s life. Education is important not
only for ensuring that you make a great career, but also for inculcating accepted
values and principles in your life so that you can lead your life as a person and you
learn to respect and love fellow humans. Respect for elders and love for your young
ones, knowing about your country and your life, knowing about the mystical world
of science is all possible only if education is a reality in your life. As a person you
have to see that you help others also acquire this great power. Try to contribute.
Thus if you want to see your country progress and be the most successful
country in the world you have to be educated and also try to educate people. Make
the best use of the facilities given to you and pass on the legacy to the coming
generation – that it is education and nothing but education that will pave the way for
a better future for mankind.
1. Make up a list of the subjects you studied at school and those you study
in the university. Answer the questions.
a. Which of the subjects did (do) you like and which were (are) you good at?
b. Which of the subjects, in your opinion, were (are) the most useful and
which were (are) not necessary? Why?
16
2. Here is a list of different schools. What kind of schools are they?
upper secondary school
primary school
lower secondary school
college
nursery school/playgroup
university
state school (BrE)
religious school
single-sex school
public school (BrE)
boarding school
vocational school
take learn pass fail revise study memorise pick up attend pay graduate
3. Fill in the gaps in (1-10) with the verbs in the box.
1. She has a gift for languages, she______ quite a lot of French when she was
on holiday.
2. If you don't______ attention, don't be surprised you don't know what the
teacher is talking about,
3. I must go to bed early, I_____ an exam tomorrow.
4. If you are an actor, you must_____ your role by heart.
5. I'm so happy, I_____ the test in maths – it was so difficult that half of the
class_____ it.
6. At university, I'm going to_____ nuclear physics.
7. This summer I'd like to______ a course in word-processing.
8. The school-leaving exam is very difficult, so I'll have to_____ every
evening.
9. I'll go on a long holiday as soon as I______.
10. If you want to be good at history, you have to_____ a lot of dates and
facts.
17
4. Match verbs (1-3) with nouns (а-к) to get the collocations. Make up your
1. do
а
a course in
2. make
b
research into
3. take
с
homework
da break
еan effort
fnotes
ga mistake
han exam
iprogress
ja degree in
kan
certificate degree gifted private lessons uniform discipline scholarship term
own sentences with some of them.
5. Fill in the gaps with at and in.
1. When I was_____ school I liked history and geography, but I was
particularly good_____ maths.
2. He has a degree______ economics and maths.
3. My sister learns French_____ the French Institute in Moscow.
4. He studied_____ Novosibirsk University and then got a scholarship_____
Harvard
5. I attend classes_____ painting.
6. I did a course_____ website design in July.
6. Answer questions (1-8) using one of the words and phrases below.
1. How did he manage to learn Spanish in just three months?
2. How can you prove that you passed this exam in English?
3. Do English pupils dress differently from Russian ones?
4. Has he graduated from a university?
5. How are you going to afford your studies in the USA?
6. Is he good at music?
18
7. How is the school year in Russia divided?
pupil student tutor classmate head teacher lecturer graduate
8. Some children are very naughty - how can we deal with this problem?
7. Fill in the gaps in (1-7) with the words below.
1. When you pass all your university exams you are a_____.
2. Professor Jones is my_____ : we meet every week to discuss my essays.
3. John and I went to the same school, in fact, John was my_____,
4. Someone who teaches at a college or university is, usually called a_____.
5. A _____ is in charge of the whole school.
6. A______ is someone who learns at primary school.
7. When you go to university, college or even secondary school you are
a_____.
8. Choose one of the topics. Speak and discuss.
1. Schools would educate much more effectively if teachers didn't have to
give grades.
2. All schools should become integrated schools, where physically and
mentally handicapped children learn with other kids.
3. School should not only give you factual knowledge but teach life and social
skills as well.
4. Education is something permanent, we never stop learning.
5. Knowledge and happiness are incompatible: the more you know, the more
you worry.
6. Is private education better than state education? Why?
19
4. WORK
Read and translate the text. Is work important?
Work is something that people do to serve a particular purpose or out of
certain need. People exert physical, mental, and emotional effort to reach a certain
goal which may or may not have a direct impact to him or his environment.
In the case of employment, people “work” for a purpose and serve a master or
a boss in common terms. In this type of work, usually a contract is involved
between the worker or employee and his/her employer. Terms of the contract
usually include duration of work, salaries and wages, duties and responsibilities,
benefits, and restrictions. In today’s fast-paced and money-driven world, it is very
important for a person to find work to earn a living. Well, at least for the most part,
people want to work or be employed because of the simple reason that they need
money. Money will be used for daily needs and some wants. But for some people,
money may not be a motivation for them. Some work for self-esteem concerns.
These types of people value image and social status so much that they feel the need
to get some form of employment. Some of these people see work as a social badge
to be accepted by friends or family.
But aside from employment, work may also be related to the activities by
people who stay at home. This type of work is referred to as house work or
household chores. In this setup, there is no contract involved. Many people involve
in work-like activities because they have to do it. For housewives for example, they
are technically not paid to do the dishes and the laundry, but they do it for reasons
like having to do it to take care of family, or doing it to impress other people.
But since work involves physical and mental effort, some people quit their
jobs or walkout of their homes to escape what seemed to be an endless activity. It is
important for people to choose what they really like and what they are passionate
about, to have the strength to continue work and be happy doing it.
20
Switch on
teacher lawyer dentist fire fighter nanny police officer architect beautician
secretary cleaner scientist actor cook journalist vet farmer bodyguard
guide priest musician pilot librarian typist photographer nurse interpreter
lifeguard waiter shop assistant
А
1
apply for
a)
part-time
2
take
b)
a job
3
make
c)
overtime
4
do
d)
business
5
work
e)
full-time
6
look for
f)
a day off
7
go to
g)
work
8
earn
h)
a lot of money
В
a)
shift work
1
gain
b)
business
2
go into
c)
strike
What are pluses and minuses of the following jobs?
a) sales person b) doctor c) lorry driver
1. Complete the table using the words in the box below.
2. Match the verbs in A and B (1-7) with the nouns in (a-h) to get the
collocations. Make up your own sentences with some of them.
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