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Файл:Business English Деловой английский. Учебно-методическое пособие
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Unit 4
Exercise1. Read and discuss the text. Write out the unknown words.
Networking
Networking is becoming a new norm and a constant presence in business development. It has
proven to be a game changer for having a successful career. Networking is an interesting and exciting
way to promote your business ideas and grow in a great environment.
Using this platform to promote your business idea and find potential clients can prove equally effective. However, networking can get overwhelming if you don’t have adequate experience attending events, initiating communication, and doing what comes next. But don’t worry. With a few tips
and a little effort from your end, the potential of networking can be maximized in every way possible.
Maximize networking potential for a bright career. Business Networking is not as complex as it may
look, but it can be difficult if you have not prepared yourself thoroughly for every possible scenario. You
can learn, seek advice and meet the top personalities in the industry. But you must be determined to put
your best foot forward and present your ideas effectively to leave a lasting impact.
Networking is a process that needs your active participation throughout to achieve acceptable results. With a few tips and tricks, you may even turn out to be a pro at networking and would do it with
utmost ease.
1. Be prepared. Before putting your business idea before anyone else, you must have clarity over
the concept and what you wish to achieve from the endeavor. You must be ready to defend your vision and showcase that it is different and unique from the rest. Review all your information and do cuments multiple times to ensure no mistakes.
2. Present the best of you. Be very positive and move your hand for a handshake confidently. One
says the first impression is the last one, which could not be more fitting. A confident individual attracts all attention, reciprocating the same in his/her ideas. With sheer eye contact, you can leave
a lasting impression on your potential clients, and they might even remember you the next time.
3. Listen but question too. Communication is always a two-way channel. It plays a vital role in
networking and is a stepping stone to forming connections at these events. Let’s start a conversation
and then build upon it with open-ended questions instead of directly drawing conclusions. Share your
expectations and learn from the experiences of others to have a smooth journey forward.
4. Do your homework. It is always recommended to conduct a thorough research about the clients
and their services and products before meeting them. It will indicate to them that you are genuinely
interested and have similar interests. Researching beforehand will enable you to ask relevant and logical questions without beating around the bush. This way, you can make the most of the time at the offer and gain much more.
5. Never stop networking. Even if you feel at some point that you have achieved your goal, this
should not stop you from networking. The business world is dynamic and changes every second.
Through networking, you will stay updated on recent changes and might even find better opportunities that you never thought of.
Exercise2.Study and learn new useful expressions.
inbox folder папка «Входящие сообщения» attach le прикрепить файл
sent items отправленные файлы messages with auto-preview сообщения с автопросмотром
outbox folder папка «Исходящие сообщения» mark as read пометить как прочитанное
deleted items удаленные сообщения reply ответить на сообщение
check the mail проверить почту reply all ответить всем
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Exercise3. Read and discuss the text. Try to retell it English.
E-mail service
Электронная почта возникла как результат стремления властей США в конце 60-х годов
к обеспечению стабильной связи в случае возможного коллапса органов управления во время
глобальной войны. Впервые электронная почта была использована армией США, оборонными подрядчиками и исследовательскими университетами в начале 70-х годов. Затем она стала
доступна и университетским сообществам. К 1980-м годам ученые уже активно использовали
электронную почту для профессионального общения. В 1990-х годах начался настоящий бум
в использовании электронной почты и компьютерных сетей, и, по оценкам экспертов, в середине 90-х годов уже более 30 миллионов человек во всем мире активно пользовались этой технологией.
Сегодня электронная почта и ее аналоги стали очень эффективным средством отправки
сообщений по всему миру с использованием компьютеров. Для этого пользователю необходимы только терминал (например, персональный компьютер), стабильная телефонная линия
и модем, который преобразует цифровые сигналы в текст. Чтобы отправитель и получатель
могли пользоваться электронной почтой в любом месте, им необходим доступ к почтовому
ящику, для которого они получают специальный номер и пароль для обеспечения конфиденциальности.
Сегодня электронная почта быстрая, доступная и надежная. Она позволяет нам отправлять большие объемы информации различным пользователям и получать сообщения в любое время и в любом месте. Обычный адрес электронной почты выглядит примерно так:
direct@mail.ru. Левая часть адреса, перед символом @, является идентификатором пользователя, который выбирается в качестве персонального дескриптора. Правая часть называется доменом и представляет идентификатор компьютера, принимающего или доставляющего сообщения.
Электронное письмо обычно состоит из заголовка и основного сообщения. Его структура
включает такие элементы, как тема, дата, информация об авторе и получателе. Основное сообщение похоже на обычное письмо, но короче. При написании электронных писем рекомендуется использовать короткие фразы, избегать иностранных слов, метафор и научных терминов, а также не использовать жирный шрифт.
В электронных сообщениях широко используются аббревиатуры, такие как BTW (кстати), IMHO (по моему скромному мнению), RQST (запрос), MSG (сообщение) и многие другие.
Exercise4.Rewrite the letter, changing the phrases in bold with more suitable ones for e-mail correspondence. Make the message shorter.
Dear Mr. Black,
Your personal assistant has informed me today that your company is now ready
to get our delivery as fast as possible. Though the negotiations were too long
and time-consuming, I am glad to inform you that we have come to a positive
decision. Next week, you will be informed about the 1
st
shipment by an e-mail
message. We hope we will be able to solve all the issues at once. I amlookingforward
to hear from you soon.
Sincerely yours,
Patrick O’Hara
Exercise5.Complete the sentences with the enlisted words.
inbox send items reply address book capital-small-at-dot
outbox new msg forward send and receive drafts
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1. My address is Woody@gmail.com, that’s _W _ o-o-d-y _ gmail _ com.
2. Do you need your ______ to add other e-mail addresses?
3. This is my ______ where I store incoming messages.
4. Be careful not to ______ a message otherwise it will be received by another person.
5. Now, with “______” you are able to make a new letter.
6. If you press ______, you will connect to the Internet.
7. We can look at ______ to read new mails we have got.
8. Before being sent, the e-mails messages are stored in the ______.
9. He needs to answer to the e-mail, so he will apply ______.
10. You have to finish typing that message later, so you can store it in ______.
Exercise6. Match the explanations with the following terms.
1) bcc a) e-mail message storage
2) bandwidth b) to pass along an e-mail to another address
3) attachment c) a complicated and unclear message
4) a bounce message d) quotation applied to the signature
5) mailbox e) an automated message from an e-mail system
6) to forward an e-mail f) an angry and emotional message
7) sig quote g) blind carbon copy
8) spam h) quantity of information which can be sent
9) a am i) unsolicited messages
10) burble message j) a le applied to the message
Exercise7. Find the match.
a. Electronic Business
1. E-business
b. Economic Business b. Thanks in Advance
a. Technical Commerce
2. T-commerce
b. TV Commerce b. In Main Host Organization
a. Customer to Business
3. C2B
b. Connection to Business b. Only Treat Legal
a. Fact You Interest
4. FYI
b. For Your Information b. Humble Study In Keep
a. My Own Business
5. MYOB
b. Mind Your Own Business b. As Soon As Possible
a. Multiple unsolicited messages
6. SPAM
b. Spoiled addled meat b. I Oppose Work
a. League of Legends
7. LOL
b. Lots of Laughs b. Be Back Later
a. Tell Fellow How Ask Others
8. TFHAOT
b. Thank For Help Ahead Of Time
9. TIA
a. Talk in Accordance
a. In My Humble Opinion
10. IMHO
a. Over The Limit
11. OTL
a. How Should I Know
12. HSIK
a. As Applied
13. ASAP
a. In Other Words
14. IOW
a. Basic Business Laws
15. BBL
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Unit 5
Exercise1. Answer the following questions by yourself, then discuss them with other students:
1. Is it better to avoid conducting business in your own country because of the complexities that
occur across national borders?
2. Is ethics a philosophical issue, not a business one?
3. Is keeping a code of ethics in business like keeping wedding vows?
4. Is it better not to think about ethics when you are making a business deal?
5. Does the International business ethics mean an important subject to you?
6. Should all businesses be required to follow rules of ethical gift giving behavior?
Exercise2. Before reading the text, answer the following questions:
1. What are the areas of special concern when talking about managerial ethics?
2. How many areas of business ethics do you know?
3. What do you think of the relationship of the firm to the employee? Explain your point.
4. What should be the relationship of the employee to the firm?
5. What can you say about the relationship of the firm to other economic units?
Вопросы, связанные с управленческой этикой, вызывают особый интерес, особенно в отношении того, как компания обращается со своими сотрудниками. Процессы приема на работу и увольнения, начисление зарплаты и создание нормальных условий труда являются примерами таких вопросов.
Большинство людей считает неэтичным, если менеджер нанимает кого-то только потому,
что это его родственник, или увольняет сотрудника из-за его религиозных убеждений. Точно
так же будет считаться неэтичным, если кому-то не выплачивают должную заработную плату, несмотря на его финансовые трудности. Распространение информации о частных медицинских проблемах сотрудника, таких как ВИЧ или других серьезных заболеваниях, будет
нарушением права на конфиденциальность.
Существует множество этических проблем, связанных со взаимоотношениями между
сотрудниками и компаниями. Например, конфликт интересов, сохранение конфиденциальности, честность и учет расходов. Принимать взятки от представителей компаний является
примером конфликта интересов. По этой же причине Walmart запрещает своим покупателям
принимать подарки от торговых представителей.
Раскрытие секретной информации компании конкурирующим организациям будет считаться неэтичным, а также кража или неправильный учет статей расходов. Некоторые менеджеры регулярно включают в свои отчеты дополнительные расходы на питание, обслуживание
автомобиля и ремонт, чтобы получить дополнительную прибыль.
Управленческая этика играет важную роль в отношениях компании с другими экономическими субъектами, такими как клиенты, конкуренты, акционеры, поставщики, дилеры и профсоюзы. Стандарты этики подразумевают, что продукты или услуги, предлагаемые клиентам,
должны быть безопасны, снабжены соответствующей информацией о характеристиках, способах использования и ограничениях, а их цена должна быть адекватной. Отношения с конкурентами также должны основываться на этических принципах. Недобросовестная деловая практика, злословие о конкурентах и установление нечестных цен считается неэтичным.
Компании также должны быть честными и искренними в отношении своих акционеров.
Распространение ложной информации о рекордной прибыли компании в следующем году,
когда ожидается только скромная прибыль, считается неэтичным, а также выплата завышенных компенсаций управленческой команде. Аналогично организации должны быть честными
в своих договоренностях и переговорах с поставщиками, дилерами и профсоюзами.
Убеждать поставщика снизить цены или профсоюзы уступить в заработной плате из-за
финансовых трудностей считается неэтичным, если компания действительно намерена получить прибыль.
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Exercise3.Make up 5 questions to the text above and make a headline for it.
Exercise4.Match the words to their definitions. Make up sentences with these words.
1. Ethics
2. Immoral management
3. Codes of ethics
4. Whistle-blower
5. Social responsibility
a. An approach that not only lacks ethical principles, but is actively opposed
to ethical behavior.
b. The set of obligations an organization has to protect and enhance the societal
context in which it functions.
c. An employee who reports a real or perceived wrongdoing under the control
of his or her employer to those, who may be able to take appropriate actions.
d. An individual’s personal benets regarding what is right and wrong or good
and bad.
e. Formal, written statements of what values and ethical standards guide a rm’s
actions.
Exercise5. Complete the following sentences with words opposite in meaning to the words in
italics. Add “un-”, “im-”, “il-” or “dis-” to the beginning of each adjective in the table to make words
which have opposite meaning.
Example: interesting
1. Satised Managers get ____________ if their jobs oer no challenge.
2. Conclusive As the report was so ____________, no recommendations were made.
3. Responsible ____________ behavior by sta can be costly to an organization.
He does not like his job because it is uninteresting.
4. Popular Director become ____________ if he fails to pay bonuses.
5. Respect No CEO likes a subordinate to be ____________.
6. Secure
7. Social People who work ____________ hours at night time, usually receive extra pay.
8. Ecient Nowadays, it is not easy to get rid of worker who is ____________.
A worker who feels ____________ in his job will probably not be committed
to the rm he works for.
Exercise6.Read the two views on whether companies are responsible. Put the verbs in the correct form.
Do you think companies are responsible?
Yes No
1. Many companies understand that their responsibility includes (conduct) their business in an ethical way and in ways that help (preserve) the environment.
2. Companies know that good practice involves (provide) good working conditions.
3. Many companies help (raise) money for local
communities.
4. Companies agree (introduce) stricter measures
to reduce pollution.
5. Companies must (make) a prot. If they don’t,
there will be no jobs for the workforce.
1. They only introduce ethical policies if they think
it will help (improve) their prots.
2. Many companies avoid (give) details of what
they are doing.
3. They refuse (change) their practices.
4. Many companies risk (produce) goods which
are harmful in order to make a prot.
5. They must (do) more to reduce damage to the en-
vironment.
25
Exercise7.Before reading the text, decide if these statements true or false.
Statements True False
1. All business work is based on cheating and lie.
2. Business people have particular responsibilities to society and people.
3. Many business leaders want their employees to work in an ethical way.
4. There are no laws that guide business leaders.
5. There is a need to develop ethical decision-making skills.
Business ethics is a set of principles and conduct that is morally acceptable for business. However, not all lawful behavior is ethical. What about ads that showed a specially reinforced Volvo, not
crushed by a monstrous caterpillar, while the rivals died? It was unethical, but no one was accused
of the crime. So, within the framework of the social contract between society and business, what rules
does business follow? If you watch TV and movies and read newspapers, you may believe that all
business leaders lie and cheat and want to destroy the environment, compromise for financial gain
and risk the life and health of their employees and public for income. News reports on the front pages
about illegal trading in the stock market makе all business professionals seem greedy, selfish, moneyhungry villains. Of course, this is not true.
Business professionals are responsible for making decisions based on ethical principles. They also
have a responsibility to the people who work for them and society as a whole to advise employees
on ethical decision-making.
In the XXI century, the role of ethics in international business transactions and more attention
is paid to the interactions as well. Corporate leaders discussed the adoption of an international code
of business ethics. The leaders are concerned about ethical decisions and want to help employees learn
how to work ethically.
Ethical decisions are made by business leaders based on the following considerations:
– when employees feel professionally satisfied;
– how customers can be satisfied;
– how can profits be guaranteed to shareholders;
– how you can serve the community.
Many factors influence business leaders. Ethical considerations are sometimes difficult for business
leaders when they have to choose between different priorities. Making decisions based on the needs
of employees, customers, shareholders and society requires a good leader. All good leaders are interested in ethical standards and in motivating employees to do the right thing. There are laws that
guide the heads of enterprises. Breaking the law can lead to their arrest or something of that kind. For
example, a sales manager at a company decided to lower the price of old fruit that turned out to be infested. Eventually, some children who ate the fruit became seriously ill with hepatitis A. The company’s tainted fruit was the cause of the illness, and several company executives faced criminal charges. Today the company no more exists.
But laws are not always enough to ensure ethical conduct. The leaders and their decision- making
behavior (ethical or unethical) serve as an example for the employees. In the United States, anonymous questionaries show that 30 percent managers admit they have provided inaccurate reports.
It is clear that it is necessary to force them develop their ethical decision-making skills.
Exercise8. Answer the following questions:
1. Which paragraph focus on ethic of advertising?
2. What stereotype on ethical principles does mass media give?
3. Which paragraph focus on the international code of business ethics?
4. What is the main idea of business ethics?
5. Should a head of the company follow the laws of ethic?
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Exercise9. Discuss the problem of ethical dilemma with other students. Try to find a right decision, based on the ethical principles.
Ethical dilemma 1. The boss asks workers to stay late at the office. Several employees have said
they cannot stay late. However, the boss forces them to stay at work.
Ethical dilemma 2. Your colleague rarely completes work in time. You have helped him to finish
several projects. You want him to stop asking you to help him because you have your own work to do.
Ethical dilemma 3. The company is growing and so does the amount of work. You are about to ask
your boss to hire more employees.
Ethical dilemma 4. You are working as a supervisor at a company. You find out that the workers
do not show responsibility at work. The Chief tells you to ignore their misbehavior.
27
Unit 6
Каждый доклад (или отчет) имеет целью предоставить специалистам тщательно организованную информацию. Конкретные детали будущего доклада зависят от его типа и требований, указанных в задании.
Структура доклада обычно состоит из трех частей: вступление, основная часть и заключение. Основная часть, в свою очередь, подразделяется на несколько глав (обычно 2–3). Каждая из этих глав должна иметь свой заголовок. Дату следует указывать под заголовком доклада. Например:
Subject:
Date:
Purpose (Introduction)
Changes (вместо слова «changes» нужно подставить свой заголовок)
Reasons (вместо слова «reasons» нужно подставить свой заголовок)
Conclusion (Recommendation)
Вступление.Главная цель вступления в докладе — дать понять, о чем он и зачем написан.
Если вы собираетесь описывать изменяющиеся показатели и объяснять причины этих изменений, то вы должны сообщить об этом во вступлении: «Цель доклада — продемонстрировать
изменения и объяснить их причины».
Основнаячасть.В основной части вы выполняете требования, представленные в задании.
Вы сравниваете данные в таблицах, объясняете причины изменений, анализируете диаграммы, если таковые имеются. При этом необходимо не просто перечислять факты один за другим, а структурировать и группировать информацию.
Заключение.Задача заключения — подвести итог всех представленных данных и информации. В зависимости от типа доклада вам также может потребоваться выразить свое мнение
или дать рекомендацию по обсуждаемому вопросу.
Стиль. Доклад должен быть написан в официально-деловом стиле. Необходимо заменять
простые структурные формы более сложными, использовать продвинутую лексику, пассивный залог и соответствующие средства логической связи. Не допускается использование неформальных, разговорных выражений и сокращений.
Exercise1. Make a report according to the following conditions.
Imagine that you are a scientist doing structural research of two buildings. You have collected
some data on the ways they were bult. Write a brief report describing the changes you have noticed
comparing them over the years.
Write 200–250 words. Use the following plan:
1) opening statements;
2) possible reasons for the changes happening;
3) conclusion.
Подготовкаотчета
Для успешной подготовки доклада (отчета) необходимо начать с разработки базового плана. Если время позволяет, следует создать черновик доклада на основе базового плана. Если
же времени остается мало, рекомендуется детально разработать план и использовать его как
основу для написания доклада.
Во вступительной части следует обозначить цели и содержание доклада, а также указать
источники данных, описываемых в отчете.
Затем следует перейти к описанию изменений, избегая повторов. Также необходимо обосновать причины данных изменений. В отличие от предыдущих глав, эта часть текста долж-
28
на отражать личное мнение автора и содержать пассивные конструкции, следует соблюдать
нейтральный формат доклада.
Ошибками, которых следует избегать при работе над отчетом, являются несоответствие
стиля, использование личных местоимений (например, «I think», «I consider»), сокращений («it’s», «hasn’t»), простых предложений и разговорной лексики, которые негативно сказываются на качестве текста. Также не рекомендуется использовать однотипные конструкций
при сравнении и противопоставлении, так как это может негативно повлиять на лексикограмматическую форму отчета.
Exercise2.Read the text and write 5 questions on its subject.
Investigationofanoccupationalaccident
As an employer, you have an obligation to investigate all accidents at work with the involvement of the working environment representative or, in his/her absence, an employee representative. The investigation of an accident at work is carried out within 10 working days after the occurrence of an accident at work. The investigation ends with the preparation of a report. You need
to prepare an act in three copies, one of which remains with you, and the other two must be submitted to the local Labor Inspectorate and the accident victim or the person protecting his rights
within 3 working days after completion of the accident investigation. If during the investigation
it turns out that the investigation is not professional, stop the investigation and draw up a free-form
document describing the circumstances of the accident and indicating the reason for the termination of the investigation.
The document is signed by the representative of the employer and the authorized representative for the working environment, and in his absence — by the representative of the employees. An accident at work is recorded and the relevant data is submitted to the working environment specialist, the working environment representative, the employees’ representative
and the working environment council. The documents collected and prepared during the investigation of an accident at work are drawn up as materials for the investigation of an accident at work. The data of the investigation of an accident at work is stored for 55 years. Based
on the results of the investigation, you are obliged to plan and implement measures to prevent
the recurrence of a si milar accident at work.
Exercise3.Study the text and say if these statements are true or false.
Statements True Falce
1. Employee is obligated to investigate an occupational accident.
2. The investigation shall be carried out within 10 working days.
3. The investigation shall end with the preparation of a report.
4. You shall be required to prepare the report in three copies, one of which
shall be kept by you, and submit the other two to the local authority
of the Labor Inspectorate and the police.
5. If it appears during the investigation that it is an occupational investigation,
terminate the investigation and prepare a document in a freeform.
Exercise4.Read the text and write 5 questions on its subject.
General safety rules
Come to work well rested and in good physical shape so that you can fully concentrate on your
work. Inappropriate behavior such as joking, fighting and playing pranks is extremely dangerous
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and unacceptable. Any unsafe conditions found must be corrected or reported to your supervisor and/
or the Health and Safety Department.
Do not use any machinery or equipment known to be in an unsafe condition. Machinery and equipment, including vehicles, should only be operated by qualified personnel and only if they are properly trained in the use of the equipment and are authorized to operate it. Smoking is only allowed outside the buildings. Where “No smoking” signs are posted (i.e., near flammable warehouses), people
should observe these signs. Avoid parking, even temporarily, in designated fire lanes. Always keep
your workplace clean and tidy. Bad housekeeping habits can pose a serious safety risk. Do not leave
materials in aisles, walkways, stairways, roads, or other exits. All warning signs, signals and alarms
must be respected. Extinguishing media must be maintained in accordance with the manufacturer’s
instructions and the requirements of the Fire Code.
Exercise 5. What rules have been developed in the high schools of Russia to provide a safe
and healthy studying environment for all students and employees (for example, at your university)?
Write 10 safety rules or duties of students.
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